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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved confinement and transport studies in the reversed field experiment (RFX) : The 40th annual meeting of the division of plasma physics of the american physical society (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 6 (1999), S. 1830-1836 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This paper presents results obtained on the Reversed Field eXperiment, RFX [G. Rostagni, Fusion Engineering and Design 25, 301 (1995)], on the study of local transport properties of the RFP configuration both in the standard regime and during improved confinement phases obtained with poloidal current drive. The plasma core is dominated by magnetic turbulence, as indicated by both energy and particle transport analysis. Diffusivity decreases toward the edge and is reduced in the core at high Lundquist number. The edge region is apparently not affected by dynamo mode turbulence and determines global confinement in standard operation. Particle and heat diffusivity in this region show a favorable dependence with increasing density. The most interesting feature of the edge region of RFX consists of a sheared radial electric field with shearing rate comparable to that observed in tokamaks. Indications of turbulence reduction in the shear layer have been obtained. Enhanced energy confinement has been produced by pulsed poloidal current drive (PPCD). A clear reduction of the dynamo activity has been observed with a decrease of core thermal diffusivity to level comparable to the edge and global confinement improvement up to a factor of 3. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873441
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Frascati Tokamak Upgrade Thomson scattering system: The optical and spectral analysis equipments (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 4403-4409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An overall view of the Frascati Tokamak Upgrade (F.T.U.) Thomson scattering system is illustrated and particular attention is paid to the optical and spectral analysis equipments. The system includes the laser source, the collection optics, a set of filter polychromators, all the electronic equipments necessary to collect the data relevant to the scattered light and to send them to the F.T.U. data acquisition system. The features of this system can be summarized as follows: rejection to laser wavelength: ≥107, laser energy: ≥5 J, overall optical efficiency: ≥40%, and capability of multiple time and space measurements on the Thomson scattered light.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143741
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ITER physics program and implications for plasma measurements (abstract) : Proceedings of the eleventh topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 887-887 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Key objectives of the first ten years of ITER operation are the investigation of the physics of burning plasmas and the demonstration of long-pulse ignited plasma technologies. These include studies of plasma confinement and stability, divertor operation, disruption mitigation and control, noninductive current drive, and steady state operation under conditions when the plasma is heated predominantly by alpha particles. The ITER operational plan envisages two and a half years for commissioning and initial operation with hydrogen plasmas at up to 100 MW of auxiliary heating power when initial tests of divertor operation and evaluation of disruption effects will be made. In order to meet the operational and programmatic goals, it will be necessary to make a wide range of plasma measurements. In this article the preliminary operational plan and physics program are presented and the implications for plasma measurements are outlined. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147712
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thomson scattering system on FTU tokamak: Calibration, operation, resultsa) (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1167-1170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The Frascati tokamak upgrade (FTU) Thomson scattering system is employed for the measurement of the electron temperature and density spatial profiles along the vertical torus diameter in 19 spatial points up to ten times in a single plasma discharge with a spatial resolution ranging from 2 cm in the central region to 4 cm in the plasma edge. The radiation source is a Nd:YLF laser at 1053 nm. The scattered radiation is collected by two objectives: the first looks at the plasma center, the second at the plasma edge. Bundles of optical fibers in the focal plane of the objectives carry the scattered light from the tokamak hall to a set of 19 interference filter polychromators, whose transmission is 70% and the rejection of the stray light at the laser wavelength is 1/107. The detectors are avalanche photodiodes with a NEP of the order of 10−13 W/(Hz)1/2 at 1053 nm. The absolute calibration for the electron density measurement has been carried out by Raman scattering on hydrogen and deuterium. Examples of temporal evolution of Te and ne spatial profiles are presented for ohmic plasma heating, lower hybrid current drive, and pellet injection experiment. A comparison between scattering data with interferometer for the density measurement, and ECE for the electron temperature shows agreement between the diagnostics. The system is controlled by two computers: a real-time computer for the laser settings, while the detection system parameters and data acquisition are managed using CAMAC by the data acquisition system (DAS) of FTU. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145999
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An optimized multifoil soft x-ray spectrometer for the determination of the electron temperature with high time resolution : Proceedings of the 12th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 581-585 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In RFX a monitor for the measurement of the on-axis electron temperature with high temporal resolution has been designed and operated during the last experimental campaigns. It consists of four soft x-ray (SXR) diodes which observe the plasma through four beryllium filters of different thickness. In this article the main design issues are presented. The measured values of the temperature, computed both with the standard double foil method and with a fit of all the available signals, are reported, correlated with the main plasma parameters and briefly compared with the results of other diagnostics. The main causes of systematic error, the effect of the noise and the reliability of the results in various plasma conditions have been investigated. Dynamic evaluations of the temperature up to a maximum bandwidth of 5 kHz are described, confirming the potentialities of the technique to follow fast phenomena. Possible improvements of the diagnostic and future developments are also pointed out. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149342
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thomson scattering system on FTU tokamak: Calibration, operation, results (abstract)a) : Proceedings of the tenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 500-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The Frascati tokamak upgrade (FTU) Thomson scattering system is employed for the measurement of the electron temperature and density spatial profiles along the vertical torus diameter in 19 spatial points up to ten times in a single plasma discharge with a spatial resolution ranging from 2 cm in the central region to 4 cm in the plasma edge. The radiation source is a Nd:YLF laser at 1053 nm. The scattered radiation is collected by two objectives: the first looks at the plasma center, the second at the plasma edge. Bundles of optical fibers in the focal plane of the objectives carry the scattered light from the tokamak hall to a set of 19 interference filter polychromators, whose transmission is 70% and the rejection of the stray light at the laser wavelength is 1/107. The detectors are avalanche photodiodes with a NEP of the order of 10−13 W/(Hz)1/2 at 1053 nm. The absolute calibration for the electron density measurement has been carried out by Raman scattering on hydrogen and deuterium. Examples of temporal evolution of Te and ne spatial profiles are presented for ohmic plasma heating, lower hybrid current drive, and pellet injection experiment. A comparison between scattering data with interferometer for the density measurement, and ECE for the electron temperature shows agreement between the diagnostics. The system is controlled by two computers: a real-time computer for the laser settings, while the detection system parameters and data acquisition are managed using CAMAC by the data acquisition system of FTU. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146329
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ITER physics program and implications for plasma measurements (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 1250-1255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Key objectives of the first ten years of ITER operation are the investigation of the physics of burning plasmas and the demonstration of long-pulse ignited plasma technologies. These include studies of plasma confinement and stability, divertor operation, disruption mitigation and control, noninductive current drive, and steady state operation under conditions when the plasma is heated predominantly by alpha particles. The ITER operational plan envisages two and a half years for commissioning and initial operation with hydrogen plasmas at up to 100 MW of auxiliary heating power when initial tests of divertor operation and evaluation of disruption effects will be made. In order to meet the operational and programmatic goals, it will be necessary to make a wide range of plasma measurements. In this article the preliminary operational plan and physics program are presented and the implications for plasma measurements are outlined. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148221
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design and calibration of the JET neutral particle analyzer (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 58 (1987), S. 788-795 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The neutral particle analyzer with energy and mass selection capability built for JET is described. The analyzer is able to detect in the same shot both H atoms from 0.3 to 320 keV and D atoms from 0.15 to 160 keV. In order to optimize the ion optics of the analyzer an oblique entrance in the magnet has been chosen. An ion trajectory code shows that in this way a good mass separation and a high efficiency can be achieved. The problems inherent in the analyzer calibration for a wide energy range are discussed, and the calibration procedure is described. In conclusion, the calibration results obtained with five analyzers are presented, together with theoretical consideration on ion optics and atomic processes, which have enabled us to write a simple interpolation formula for the experimental data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139634
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    JET high resolution bent crystal spectrometer (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 237-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In this paper we describe the bent crystal spectrometer of the Johann type built for the JET tokamak. This high resolution (λ/Δλ∼20 000) instrument is characterized by a very long focal length (25 m) allowing the crystal and the position sensitive detector to be placed outside the JET torus hall, in order to keep the noise induced by the background radiation to an acceptable level. By means of the shape analysis of x-ray lines emitted by medium Z, highly ionized impurities present in the plasma, the ion temperature can be evaluated. Relevant information about other plasma parameters such as the electron temperature, the impurity ionization equilibrium and concentration, and the plasma toroidal velocity can be obtained by means of the analysis of different lines present in the spectra and of their wavelengths. Examples of the results obtained during the first year of operation of this instrument are also illustrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140415
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of magnetohydrodynamic activity by lower hybrid current drive (1989)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 1 (1989), S. 1659-1662 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effect of magnetic islands on the propagation of lower hybrid waves is investigated analytically for a model slab equilibrium with a single helical perturbation corresponding to an m=1 or m=2 island. From the variation of k(parallel) inside the island, the parallel current is estimated with the same pitch as the original perturbation. The effect of such a current on the nonlinear evolution of an m=2 island corresponds to a destabilization of the mode if the rf driven current is in the same direction as the global parallel current. A comparison with numerical solutions of the problem using a toroidal ray trajectory code is also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.858944
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