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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser-Aided Diagnostics of Processing Plasmas (1993)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 140-142 (Oct. 1993), p. 191-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/00/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.140-142.191.pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Difference of lectin binding sites of secretory granules between normal pituitary and adenoma cells (1985)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 66 (1985), S. 177-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Adenoma ; Concanavalin A ; Electron immunocytochemistry ; Human pituitary ; Normal pituitary tissue
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron-immunocytochemical staining with lectin (concanavalin A: Con A) binding sites analysis was applied to study secretory granules of human pituitary adenomas and surrounding normal pituitary tissue using post-embedded serial ultrathin sections. Twelve cases of human pituitary adenoma and three specimens of normal pituitary tissue surrounding adenomas were studied: the cases were operated on between 1982 and 1984. The tumors consisted of four prolactin (PRL)-, six growth hormone (GH)-, and two adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-producing adenomas. In parallel with the detection of Con A binding sites of secretory granules, their secreting hormones were characterized electron-microscopically with the immunocytochemical horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeling using the avidin-biotin technique. The two cases of ACTH-producing adenomas showed either weak or negative reactions with Con A on secretory granules, while normal ACTH-producing pituitary cells showed strong reactions with Con A on every secretory granule observed. Large secretory granules of PRL- or GH-producing cells showed negative reactions with Con A both in the pituitary adenoma and normal pituitary, while some small granulated or sparsely granulated adenoma cells also showed strong reactions with Con A. The complexity of human pituitary adenomas is illustrated as well as the difference in biochemical structure of normal pituitary cells and pituitary adenoma cells secreting the same specific hormone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688581
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid current-penetration in turbulent heating of a high-density plasma
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters A 66 (1978), S. 34-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0375-9601
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0375-9601(78)90096-8
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurements of the electron energy distribution function in an Ar/CF4 inductively coupled plasma (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 2158-2161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Measurements of the electron energy distribution function (eedf) of a low-pressure inductively coupled plasma operated in a mixture of Ar and CF4 are reported. The measurement method was laser Thomson scattering. Extensive test were performed in order to verify that any perturbations caused by the laser did not affect the measurements. The eedf was measured for different concentrations of CF4 gas, and the results indicated that it was non-Maxwellian when even small amounts of CF4 gas were present. This dependence was attributed partially to the effect of electron-molecule vibrational excitation collisions. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1398775
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of preoxidation on deposition of thin gate-quality silicon oxide film at low temperature by using a sputter-type electron cyclotron resonance plasma (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 5680-5685 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have studied a method of combining preoxidation and subsequent sputter deposition for fabricating Si oxide films with a thickness of less than 10 nm at low temperature by using a sputter-type electron cyclotron resonance plasma system. As a key process to achieving high quality composite oxide structures, plasma preoxidation was investigated under different gas flow rates at a substrate temperature of 130 °C. The optimum conditions for the preoxidation were clarified. The structural properties of Si oxide formed by this method with the preoxidation were characterized and compared with those of Si oxide which was directly sputtered without a preoxidation step. It was found that the method with the preoxidation provided a useful way of establishing an abrupt Si/SiO2 interface region and achieving films which have a lower network disorder degree. This procedure was then followed by a thermal annealing in Ar ambient at 450 °C. A thin Si oxide film was produced with a fixed charge density of less than 1.0×1011 cm−2. 98% of the detected samples had a breakdown field of greater than 8 MV/cm. These properties essentially match the electrical quality of thermally grown Si oxide. In contrast, the oxide film deposited without a preoxidation step showed much poorer electrical properties as only 28% of the samples had a breakdown field of greater than 8 MV/cm. Also, the film showed a higher fixed charge density of 1.0×1012 cm−2. The effects of the preoxide on structural and electrical properties of deposited oxide films are discussed in detail. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.366431
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial distributions of electron temperature and density in electron cyclotron resonance discharges (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 2105-2113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Spatial profiles of electron density and temperature of electron cyclotron resonance discharge plasmas have been successfully measured using laser Thomson scattering. The results, thus obtained, were valuable for quantitative comparison with results of a computer simulation. Measurements were performed for two cases with different locations of the electron cyclotron resonance zones. Simulation results obtained from a hybrid code, which treats ions and neutral particles as discrete particles and electrons as a fluid, were fitted to the experimental profiles of the electron density and temperature by adjusting the microwave power deposition profiles. From these comparisons and an analysis of other simulation data, it was found that the large difference of radial electron density profiles for two discharge conditions was caused by the difference of radial space-charge electric-field distributions. The radial electron temperature distribution determined the radial electric field that drove the ions radially and also resulted in a peaked electron density profile for one case and a more uniform profile for the other case. It is also shown that Coulomb collisions of electrons with ions as well as electron–neutral collisions are important for the analysis of electron behavior along the magnetic field lines. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.364262
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Angiomyolipoma of the liver with pleomorphic histological features (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 24 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1994.tb00524.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurements of the cathode sheath in a magnetron sputtering discharge using laser induced fluorescence (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 3664-3667 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetron discharges are widely used as sputtering sources for thin film deposition. Despite the importance of the sheath region where the electric field can be very high, there have been few experimental investigations of this region in magnetron plasmas. We report values of the sheath thickness deduced from measurements of the electric field distribution using laser spectroscopy. With this technique, a transition which is normally forbidden becomes in the presence of an electric field partially allowed so that laser induced fluorescence on this transition can be used as a measure of the electric field. It was found that the sheath thickness was approximately equal to the maximum displacement, in the absence of collisions, of a secondary electron from the cathode surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352925
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thomson scattering measurements of electron temperature and density in an electron cyclotron resonance plasma (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 2732-2738 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electron temperature Te and density ne in the source region of an electron cyclotron resonance discharge have been measured by incoherent Thomson scattering of the beam from a 0.5 J yttrium aluminum garnet laser. This is the first experiment in which this technique, routinely used on fusion plasmas, has been applied to a processing plasma. Measurements were made in an argon discharge at pressures from 0.3 to 2 mTorr and microwave powers from 250 to 1000 W. Velocity distributions were measured both parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic field and a slight anisotropy of electron temperature was observed for low-pressure discharges. Temperatures in the range of 1–5 eV and densities in the range of 2–10×1017 m−3 were measured. Te and ne were found to strongly depend on pressure but only weakly on the input power and discharge magnetic field. No deviations from a Maxwellian velocity distribution were observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353046
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ITER physics program and implications for plasma measurements (abstract) : Proceedings of the eleventh topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 887-887 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Key objectives of the first ten years of ITER operation are the investigation of the physics of burning plasmas and the demonstration of long-pulse ignited plasma technologies. These include studies of plasma confinement and stability, divertor operation, disruption mitigation and control, noninductive current drive, and steady state operation under conditions when the plasma is heated predominantly by alpha particles. The ITER operational plan envisages two and a half years for commissioning and initial operation with hydrogen plasmas at up to 100 MW of auxiliary heating power when initial tests of divertor operation and evaluation of disruption effects will be made. In order to meet the operational and programmatic goals, it will be necessary to make a wide range of plasma measurements. In this article the preliminary operational plan and physics program are presented and the implications for plasma measurements are outlined. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147712
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