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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Expression in Monocytes of Healthy Nonpregnant Women After Induction with Human Choriongonadotropine (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 61 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0300-9475.2005.01538.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Expression in Patients with Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation and in Pregnant Women: Association with the Induction of Allogeneic Immune Tolerance? (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 57 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-induced enzyme, which is suggested to play an important role in the prevention of allogeneic fetal rejection. IDO effects the suppression of T-cell activity by catabolizing the essential amino acid l-tryptophan. We studied IDO expression by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in dendritic cells and by real-time RT-PCR in monocytes of patients undergoing allogeneic transplantation for leukaemia, who developed acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD), and compared the IDO expression with that of pregnant women and healthy volunteers.A spontaneous IDO expression was detected in the monocytes of 20 pregnant women with an IDO/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) ratio at a median of 1.0%, whereas none of 15 healthy volunteers or patients after allogeneic transplant had any detectable spontaneous IDO expression. The IDO expression increased by in vitro IFN-γ stimulation in pregnant women (median 116%), healthy volunteers (median 11.7%) and patients with a low-grade aGvHD (grades 0–II) 28 days after transplant (median 433%) but not in patients with a severe aGvHD (grades III–IV) (median 0%), which was highly significant (P 〈 0.01).IDO expression was also measured in dendritic cells by qualitative RT-PCR, where a spontaneous IDO expression was detected in 16 of 31 (52%) pregnant women versus none of 17 healthy volunteers and none of 62 studied patients after transplant. IFN-γ-induced IDO expression was detected in all pregnant women, all volunteers and 47 of 49 (96%) patients with a low-grade aGvHD (grades 0–II) after transplant, whereas only in two of 13 (16%) patients with aGvHD grade III–IV was IFN-γ-induced IDO expression observed.These data suggest that IDO expression might be involved in the development of allogeneic immune tolerance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2003.01212.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Macrophages and their subpopulations following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for chronic myeloid leukaemia (2000)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 437 (2000), S. 160-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Macrophages ; Pseudo-Gaucher cells ; Chronic myeloid leukaemia ; Bone marrow transplantation ; Bone marrow biopsies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A morphometric and immunohistochemical study was performed on 354 bone marrow trephine biopsies derived from 126 patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) before and after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the macrophage population, including several subsets and their dynamics in the posttransplant period. In addition to the total CD68+ resident (mature) macrophages the so-called activated fraction identified by its capacity to express α-d-galactosyl residues, the pseudo-Gaucher cells (PGCs) and the iron-laden histiocytic reticular cells were also considered. Following immuno- and lectin-histochemical staining morphometric analysis was carried out on sequential postgraft bone marrow specimens at standardized intervals. Compared to the normal bone marrow and calculated per haematopoiesis (cellularity) an overall decrease of about 40–50% in the quantity of CD68+ macrophages and the BSA-I+ subpopulation was detectable in the early posttransplant period (9–45 days after BMT). Noteworthy was the temporal recurrence of PGCs in the engrafted bone marrow, which was not associated with a clonally transformed cell population or leukaemic relapse. Reappearance of postgraft PGCs was most prominent in the first 2 months after BMT. This conspicuous feature was presumed to be functionally associated with a pronounced degradation of cell debris following pretransplant myelo-ablative therapy (scavenger macrophages). Evidence for an activation of the BSA-I+ macrophage subset was derived from the identical carbohydrate-binding capacity shown by the PGCs. In the regenerating haematopoiesis shortly after BMT a significant correlation between the number of BSA-I+ macrophages and erythroid precursor cells was determinable. This result implicates a close functional relationship between postgraft reconstitution of erythropoietic islets and centrally localized activated macrophages. In conclusion, findings emerging from this study included the reappearance of PCGs in the engrafted bone marrow independently of a leukaemic relapse and the significant association of the activated BSA-I+ macrophage subset with the recovery of erythropoiesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280000224
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term survival after induction therapy with idarubicin and cytosine arabinoside for de novo acute myeloid leukemia (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 79 (2000), S. 533-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words Acute myeloid leukemia ; Cytosine arabinoside ; Idarubicin ; Induction therapy ; Karyotype
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We treated 153 patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with two induction courses of conventional-dose cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) and idarubicin (AIDA) followed by either a third course of AIDA, high-dose ara-C or bone-marrow transplantation. The complete remission (CR) rate for all patients was 63.4%, with a higher CR rate for patients with a normal (versus unfavorable) karyotype (73.2% vs 52.5%;P=0.038). The probability of overall survival (OS) was 30.7% after 5 years (26.3% after 7 years). Improved OS at 5 years could be observed for patients up to 50 years old versus patients older than 50 years of age (37.6% vs 19.9%;P=0.001) and patients with a normal (versus unfavorable) karyotype (42.9% vs 14.1%;P=0.0016). Disease-free survival (DFS) after 5 years was 33.2% for all 97 CR patients and was significantly better for patients with a normal (versus unfavorable) karyotype (44.3% vs 12.3%;P=0.003). Multivariate analysis revealed that the age for OS (P〈0.02) and the karyotype for both OS (P〈0.03) and DFS (P〈0.05) were independent prognostic factors. In conclusion, AIDA is an effective and well-tolerated induction regimen (even in elderly patients) with a 5-year survival of more than 30% when combined with ara-C-containing postremission therapy. The karyotype is the most powerful prognostic factor for predicting the outcome of patients treated with this protocol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002770000193
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The amount of BCR-ABL fusion transcripts detected by the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction method in patients with Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myeloid leukemia correlates with the disease stage (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 79 (2000), S. 424-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words BCR-ABL fusion transcripts ; Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction ; Philadelphia chromosome ; Chronic myeloid leukemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The use of the real-time reverse-transcription polymerase-chain reaction (RT-PCR) method to quantify BCR-ABL transcripts before and after allogeneic transplant was prospectively studied in 65 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The expression of the BCR-ABL transcript was determined and normalized using the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) housekeeping gene product as an endogenous reference. In the single step real-time PCR assay, tenfold serial dilutions of cDNA of the K5652 cell line remained positive down to 100 pg cDNA only. However, molecular relapses of CML after transplant were only safely detectable when a nested real-time PCR assay was performed, which was able to detect 1–10 pg cDNA from a tenfold serial dilution. The median normalized BCR-ABL transcript level was measured as 0.004% in 17 patients with a molecular relapse, 0.4% in 7 patients with a cytogenetic relapse, 2.6% in 36 patients with a stable phase of CML, and 36% in 5 patients with a relapse in a blast crisis. The analyzed median normalized amount of BCR-ABL transcript differed significantly (P〈0.001) between the various disease stages. In ten CML patients with relapse, the real-time PCR method was used to monitor the response of various immunotherapies as donor leukocyte infusions, withdrawal of immunosuppression, or interferon-α application. The results of the quantitative evaluation of BCR-ABL transcripts reflected very well the clinical effect of the different applied immunotherapies. The new real-time PCR method seems to be a suitable technique for the early detection of relapse after allogeneic transplant in patients with the BCR-ABL transcript. Its ability to distinguish between molecular and cytogenetic relapse (P〈0.001) allows early therapeutic decisions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002770000169
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone-marrow transplantation and toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis (1987)
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 225 (1987), S. 239-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 33-year-old woman underwent bone-marrow transplantation following radiation and chemotherapy for chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML); immunosuppressive therapy was continued for graft-versus-host disease. Five months after successful transplantation, she developed necrotizing retinitis in both eyes with rapid progression over the following weeks. Due to her immunosuppressed state the patient developed pneumonia and died. Postmortem evaluation of the retinal lesions in both eyes disclosed infection byToxoplasma gondii, which was also found in the brain and myocardium. Multiple viable toxoplasmic cysts were observed at the transition zone from a necrotic to a normal retina. Additionally, cysts ofToxoplasma gondii were seen in the adjacent intact retina and in areas of necrosis with almost complete absence of retinal or choroidal inflammation. Toxoplasmosis should therefore be considered along with fungi and viruses in the differential diagnosis of necrotizing retinochoroiditis in immunocompromised patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02175456
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone Loss in Long-Term Survivors after Transplantation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells: A Prospective Study (2000)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 11 (2000), S. 344-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Key words:Bone loss – Bone resorption – Organ transplantation, Osteoporosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Organ transplantation is associated with relevant bone loss. Bone loss of up to 20% of pretransplant bone mineral density (BMD) values within the first year after kidney, liver, heart and lung transplantation has been reported. Patients undergoing transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells provide an interesting model to study transplantation-induced bone loss, especially because most patients do not have pre-existing bone disease. A longitudinal study was performed in 81 patients undergoing bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. BMD was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry before transplantation, at discharge from the hospital, and at 6 and 12 months after transplantation in all 81 patients. In 35 patients BMD was re-evaluated 24 months after transplantation. Vitamin D and parathyroid hormone, bone alkaline phosphatase as a marker of bone formation, and N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen as a marker of bone resorption were assessed before transplantation and in the short-term follow-up 14 and 28 days after transplantation. The majority of patients (72%) showed normal BMD before transplantation. However, lower BMD was observed in patients who had received high-dose cytoreductive chemotherapy before transplantation compared with those who had received no chemotherapy or only hydroxyurea. Despite supplementation with elemental calcium (1000 mg/day) and vitamin D (1000 IU/day), the mean rate of bone loss during the first year was 7.2 ± 6.3% at the lumbar spine, 11.9 ± 8.1% at the femoral neck and 3.8 ± 2.5% at the total body compartment. Evaluation of the pattern of bone loss during the first year demonstrated that the amount of bone loss was largest within the first 40 days after transplantation and small during the second half of the first year after transplantation. The majority of patients showed vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Bone formation was normal before and after transplantation, whereas bone resorption was dramatically increased before and after transplantation. Exposure to glucocorticoids was associated with higher bone loss at spine and femoral neck but not at the total body compartment. Our data demonstrate rapid bone loss in patients undergoing transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells. Bone turnover is characterized by biochemical uncoupling of bone resorption and bone formation, changes interestingly pre-existing before transplantation. The observed alterations in bone mass and metabolism emphasize the importance of clinical trials with antiresorptive agents to prevent and treat post-transplantation osteoporosis in this group of patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001980070124
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