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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intrathecal ACNU treatment of B16 melanoma leptomeningeal metastasis in a new athymic rat model (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of neuro-oncology 14 (1992), S. 169-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: leptomeningeal metastasis ; meningeal carcinomatosis ; B16 melanoma ; intrathecal chemotherapy ; ACNU
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To evaluate new cytotoxic drugs for intrathecal treatment we developed an experimental model of leptomeningeal metastasis by intracisternal injection of 104B16-F10 melanoma cells in nude rats. One hour in vitro incubation with 20 μg/ml ACNU (area under the drug concentration-time curve = 1200 μgxmin/ml) induced a 4-log kill of B16 melanoma cells. A single or repeated non-toxic dose of 1 mg/kg was injected into the cisterna magna of rats inoculated with tumor (area under the drug concentration-time curve assuming an even cerebrospinal fluid distribution 〉 7000 μgxmin/ml). Median survival free of symptoms was 16 days (range 14–27) for controls (n = 9) and 18 days (range 17–23) for rats treated with ACNU on day 4 (n = 9). Animals treated both on day 2 and 8 (n = 8) developed symptoms on day 21 (range 13–35). Neurological symptoms and neuropathological examination in animals with increased survival indicated local suppression of tumor growth in the cisterna magna but increased spinal seeding and mass growth. From these results and the available pharmacokinetic data on ACNU it is concluded that bolus injection of ACNU — although locally effective — is not a sufficient treatment of widespread leptomeningeal metastasis. An increased therapeutic efficacy might be achieved by ventriculolumbar perfusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00177621
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MR imaging of experimental meningeal melanomatosis in nude rats (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of neuro-oncology 14 (1992), S. 207-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: leptomeningeal metastasis ; B16 melanoma ; magnetic resonance imaging ; animal model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract MR imaging of the rat brain has become an increasingly frequently used method in experimental neuroradiology. On a generally available 1.5 T whole body tomograph, supplemented with an individually made small coil and a special SE sequence we obtained fairly fine images of the structures of the rat brain. With gadolinium-DTPA, we were able to visualize posterior fossa and cervical leptomeningeal growth of intrathecally injected B16 melanoma in nude rats. Using MRI to follow experimental leptomeningeal metastasis, may provide a new means for diagnostic evaluation and preclinical testing of treatment modalities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00172596
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intrathecal treatment of C6 glioma leptomeningeal metastasis in Wistar rats with interlenkin-2 (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of neuro-oncology 27 (1996), S. 193-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: animal model ; leptomeningeal metastasis ; C6 glioma ; intrathecal therapy ; immunotherapy ; interleukin-2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The efficacy of intrathecal treatment of leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) with interleukin-2 (IL-2) was evaluated in an animal model using Wistar rats inoculated intracisternally with 107 C6 glioma cells. Prior to the in vivo experiments the antiproliferative effects of human IL-2, and of murine IFN-γ and TNF-α which are cytokines induced by IL-2 were tested in a colony forming assay. Only IFN-γ caused a dose-dependent inhibition of colony formation. Twelve animals were treated intracisternally with either 105 IU IL-2 or control medium on day 0, 2, and 5 after tumor cell inoculation. Both IL-2 treated and sham-treated animals developed LM with a symptom-free survival of 7 to 9 days. There was no significant difference between treated and untreated animals regarding time to onset of symptoms and pattern of tumor growth. Infiltration of the tumor tissue with ED-1+ monocytes and macrophages, and CD8+ lymphocytes, however, was slightly increased in IL-2 treated animals. In a second experiment 4 non tumor-bearing Wistar rats were intracisternally injected with a single dose of 105 IU IL-2. These animals also showed slightly enhanced leptomeningeal infiltration with CD8+ lymphocytes compared to controls. We conclude that intrathecal application of high-dose IL-2 although eliciting a slight immune reaction within the leptomeninges does not inhibit leptomeningeal tumor growth or prolong symptom-free survival in our animal model of LM. These results raise doubt about the clinical efficacy of intrathecal IL-2 treatment in patients with LM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00165475
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intrathecal therapy of leptomeningeal CEM T-cell lymphoma in nude rats with anti-CD7 ricin toxin A chain immunotoxin (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of neuro-oncology 40 (1998), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: animal model ; leptomeningeal metastasis ; lymphomatous meningitis ; intrathecal therapy ; immunotherapy ; immunotoxin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have established a new xenogeneic animal model of leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) by intracisternal inoculation of human CEM T-cell lymphoma into nude rats, and used it to evaluate the anti-lymphoma efficacy of an anti-CD7 ricin A chain immunotoxin (DA7). In vitro incubation with 2 μg/ml DA7 for 72 h inhibited CEM cells by 90% in a trypan blue exclusion assay. To establish its anti-lymphoma activity, one and four days after cisternal inoculation of 106 CEM cells, eight animals each were treated cisternally with 10 μg DA7 in 50 μl PBS or sham-treated with 50 μl PBS. Histopathologically, all eight sham-treated and five of eight DA7 treated animals showed typical features of LM with multilayers of tumor cells along the whole subarachnoid space and the ventricular walls, as well as subependymal and diffuse parenchymal tumor cell infiltration. Three DA7 treated animals were free of tumor. Two of these animals were asymptomatic long-term survivors (〉 90 days). The third tumor-free animal suddenly died on day 51. Histology revealed viral myocarditis. Median symptom-free survival was 51 days (range 29–90+ days) in DA7 treated and 34 days (range 29–87 days) in sham-treated animals (p=0.12, log-rank test). Histologically, no signs of neurotoxicity or systemic toxicity was found. However, DA7 treated animals showed a tendency to a slower weight increase on days 6–28 after tumor cell inoculation. Our results indicate that this model is useful in studying leptomeningeal seeding and intracisternal treatment of lymphoma. The demonstrated anti-tumor effect of DA7 treatment deserves further evaluation especially regarding the application of DA7 in early stages of LM from T-cell lymphoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005815503950
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new process for indirect gas supply by means of perfluorinated polyethers (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 14 (1991), S. 127-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new process has been developed for indirect gas supply for culturing shear sensitive cells by means of a perfluorinated hydrocarbon. Hostinert 216, a perfluorinated polyether, was used as oxygen and carbon dioxide carrier. Hydrodynamics and mass transfer, required for industrial implementation, were investigated in a drop column. Based on the knowledge, obtained with indirect gas supply, it has been possible to construct a waste-gas free sterile pilot plant. Correlations derived from performed measurements permit design of and scale-up to an industrial plant.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270140211
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of an Electrical Conductivity Microprobe for the Characterization of bubble behavior in gas-liquid bubble flow (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 102-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In this paper a new electrical conductivity technique for the measurement of bubble size and velocity is presented. This measuring system is able not only to estimate size and velocity of particles (bubbles and droplets in liquids) but also to give complete information on the space related motion of particles. Thus a significant improvement is achieved in the accuracy of measurement.By using the simultanous measurement of both: bubble sizes and volumetric hold up of the dispersed phase, one is able to calculate the local interfacial area. In the first part of this paper the measuring system, its properties and limits are illustrated. In the second part results obtained in a bubble column will be presented.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19840010117
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Encapsulation of rat hepatocyte spheroids for the development of artificial liver (1999)
    Springer
    Biotechnology techniques 13 (1999), S. 609-614 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6784
    Keywords: alginate ; artificial liver ; chitosan ; encapsulation ; hepatocyte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Hepatocyte spheroids and hepatocyte were immobilized in chitosan/alginate capsules formed by the electrostatic interactions between chitosan and alginate. After encapsulation, there was a 10% decrease in the viability of spheroids due to the exposure of the cells to a pH 6 during the encapsulation process. However, the encapsulated hepatocyte spheroids maintained over 50% viability and liver specific functions for 2 weeks while the encapsulated hepatocytes, free hepatocytes and free hepatocyte spheroids showed low viability and liver specific functions. Therefore, encapsulated hepatocyte spheroid might be applied to the development of a bioartificial liver.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008922607119
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calculations on O2 transfer in capsules with animal cells for the determination of maximum capsule size without O2 limitation (1998)
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 20 (1998), S. 549-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The size of the capsules without O2 limitation and maximum allowable capsule size for different cell densities were calculated by the observable modulus (modified Thiele modulus). When hybridoma (ATCC HB-8852) at 2.5 3 × 105cells/ ml was encapsulated and grown, the cell density reached to 2.6 × 107cells/ml in the 7th day of incubation. The average diameter of the capsule was 2.1mm. The maximum cell density obtained from experiment agreed with the calculated cell density for the given size of the capsules. © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005341526365
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stoffübergangsmessungen an Einzelblasen mittels Sauerstoff-MikrosondenVortrag von M. Riethues auf der Arbeitssitzung des GVC-Fachausschusses „Mehrphasenströmungen,“ 28. Febr. bis 1. März 1985 in Braunschweig. (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 57 (1985), S. 857-859 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330571007
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Strömungsstruktur in Airlift-Schlaufenreaktoren (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 57 (1985), S. 139-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330570209
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