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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of the CD2 Activation Epitope T11-3 (CD2R) on T Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Ankylosing Spondylitis, and Lyme Disease: Phenotypic and Functional Analysis (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 34 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: CD2R is an activation-associated epitope unmasked by a conformational change of the CD2 cell-surface glycoprotein. In spite of elaborate studies on the role of CD2 and CD2R in adhesion and stimulation of T cells in vitro, no instances of CD2R expression in vivo were known to date. We report high levels or CD2R observed on blood and synovial fluid T cells in rheumatoid arthritis and on peripheral blood T cells in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis, and Lyme disease. In vivo, expression of CD2R was restricted to T cells, not limited to a particular T-cell subset and not correlated with the expression of p55 interleukin 2R (IL-2R) (CD25) or major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules. When stimulated to prolieration via CD2 or CD3, ex vivo CD2R+ T cells showed the same basic activation requirements as CD2R- T cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1991.tb01556.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional and Phenotypical Characterization of Activated T Cells from Intra-articular Sites in Inflammatory Joint Diseases (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 26 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The presence of activated T lymphocytes bearing interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptors and HLA class II (la) antigens accompanied by impaired T cell functions such as a decreased mitogenic responsiveness are characteristic findings, especially in intra-articular sites in chronic inflammatory joint diseases. The objective of the present study was to further characterize these in vivo activated T cells by the investigation of IL-2 production and a possible T cell receptor modulation. IL-2 receptors were found to tic expressed primarily in ihe CD4+ subset. The Ia+ subset expressing both DR and DQ antigens showed a weaker miiogen-induced response as compared to the la+ fraction. A decreased mitogen-induced IL-2 production and a lower response to anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies was observed with synovial T lymphocytes as compared to peripheral blood T cells. The density of the CD3 molecule, known to be closely associated with the T cell receptor, was significantly lower in intra-articular sites, while other T cell-specific surface molecules were expressed to a similar extent in both compartments. The decreased synovial T cell mitogenesis was not restored by the addition of lymphokines (IL-1 and IL-2) or blood monocytes, nor by removing CD8+ T cells. These data present further evidence for a significant T cell activation in intra-articular sites in chronic inflammatory joint diseases. The decreased expression of the CD3 glycoprotein suggests a modulation by so far unidentified antigen(s), which could also be responsible for the weak T cell response elicited by polyclonal mitogens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb02312.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of Human Rheumatoid Synovial and Normal Blood Dendritic Cells (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 26 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Dendritic cells (DC) were isolated from synovial tissue and synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and from peripheral blood of healthy donors. The cells were analysed for various surface antigens in indirect immunofluorescence by means of monoclonal antibodies. Surface antigen expression and accessory activity of the DC during short-term cultures were also investigated. Both the rheumatoid synovial and the normal blood DC were strongly positive for panleucocyte antigen and class II major histocompatibiligy complex (MHC) antigens (HLS-DP, HLA-DQ, and HLA-DR). The DC suspensions (Purity ∼80-85%) showed very low percentages of cells staining for various other cell membrane markers, including B cell, T cell, natural killer (NK) cell, and various monocyte/macrophage markers as well as markers specific for dendritic reticulum cells and Reed Sternberg cells. Moreover, neither rheumatoid nor normal DC reacted with the RFD1 monoclonal antibody, which is specific for interdigitating cells of human thymus. In contrast to Langerhans' cells, the DC lacked the thymocyte (T6) marker. The various DC expressed neither complement receptors (CR1, CR3), transferrin receptors, nor Fc receptors. They also lacked enzyme markers like peroxidase and nonspecific esterase. The DC formed clusters with autologous T cells. Cluster formation was readily inhibited by anti-HLA-DR and anti-CD2 (T11) monoclonal antibodies. After 3 to 5 days in culture the DC still expressed class II MHC antigens and were potent stimulators in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR). Only a small number of cells in the DC suspensions from synovial tissue expressed fibroblast antigens before and after culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb02286.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunology of Reactive Arthritides (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 13 (1995), S. 229-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.iy.13.040195.001305
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunological and Functional Characteristics of Peripheral Blood and Synovial Fluid Lymphocytes from Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 7 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Spontaneous (SCMC) and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC); mitogenic responsiveness (PHA, Con A, PPD, dextran and pokeweed) as well as lymphocyte subpopulations (E-, EA-, EAC-rosettes, S-Ig) were studied simultaneously in peripheral blood (PBL) and synovial fluid lymphocytes (SFL) of fifteen patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Marked differences were observed in the cytotoxic activity of SFL and PBL. Whereas SCMC activity of SFL was always significantly elevated above the cytotoxic levels of PBL, the reverse was true for the ADCC reaction; here, 50% of the patients showed a decreased cytotoxicity of SFL compared to PBL. Synovial fluid neutrophils (SFN) were found to be inactive in both cytotoxic assays. No differences were found in ADCC activity of PBL between normal controls and RA patients. In SCMC assays a significantly increased activity of control PBL was only observed at L/T ratios of 100:1. Overnight incubation of PBL from RA patients and normal controls resulted in a marked decrease in SCMC and, to a smaller extent, in ADCC activity. SFL from three out of four patients lost less SCMC activity after overnight incubation than the corresponding PBL. In one patient even an increased activity in both cytotoxic systems was obtained. Regarding lymphocyte populations, T-cells were significantly decreased in PBL of RA patients. With the exception of a significantly lowered percentage of C3 receptor positive cells in SFL, no significant differences were recorded in the lymphocyte distribution between the patients' PBL and SFL. In the RA patients, the response to T-cell mitogens was significantly depressed in SFL while PPD and pokeweed reactivity was equal to that of PBL.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1978.tb00471.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IgE-Containing Circulating Immune Complexes in Churg-Strauss Vasculitis (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 21 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In five patients with vasculitis, hypereosinophilia, and elevated serum IgE levels a diagnosis of Churg-Strauss syndrome was established. To identify a possible role of IgE in pathogenic mechanisms leading to the vasculitis, we performed a sequential precipitation of the patients'sera with different concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000. Using a radio immunosorbent test, we tested the precipitates obtained for IgE. Considerable amounts of IgE were traced in the serum precipitates of all patients, especially after the second precipitation step (4.0% PEG). In contrast, no IgE-containing precipitates were detectable in sera from patients with different allergic diseases and high IgE serum levels. Together with an increase in C3d serum levels and the failure to demonstrate Clq-binding material in patients' sera, these data suggest the involvement of IgE-containing immune complexes in the pathogenesis of Churg-Strauss vasculitis, activating the complement via the alternate pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1985.tb01443.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of Three Major Synovial Lining Cell Populations by Monoclonal Antibodies Directed to Ia Antigens and Antigens Associated with Monocytes/Macrophages and Fibroblasts (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 17 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Synovial lining cells obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis or noninflammatory joint diseases were divisible into three populations according to the expression of surface antigens detected by various monoclonal antibodies. A population of cells designated type I was defined by the presence of Ia antigens, Fc receptors, five different monocyte lineage differentiation antigens, and the property of phagocytosis. The greatly increased amounts of both Ia antigens and certain monocyte lineage antigens distinguished these cells from blood monocytes. A second distinctive cell population was non-phagocytic, occasionally binucleate, and had abundant Ia antigens but lacked IgG Fc receptors, monocyte lineage antigens. B or T lymphocyte antigens, and fibroblast-associated antigens detected by reagents raised against synovial cells. This population, designated type II, accounted for approximately one-third of the synovial cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis but few or no cells in the synovial lining of patients with non-inflammatory diseases. The Ia-positive synovial cells with a dendritic morphology were contained in this population. An additional population, designated type III, contained nearly all of the remaining cells and was defined by the presence of antigens expressed primarily on fibroblasts and by the absence of phagocytosis, demonstrable Ia antigens, and four antigens of the monocyte lineage. This population exhibited proliferative capacity, becoming the predominant cell in long-term cultures. The proportions of each population varied considerably from patient to patient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1983.tb00767.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demonstration of Ia Antigens on Certain Dendritic Cells and on a Novel Elongate Cell Found in Human Synovial Tissue (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 14 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Adherent cells from dissociated human synovial tissue obtained at surgery contain two types of distinctive cells with one or more elongated branching processes that strongly express Ia antigens. One type of cell with Ia antigens is non-phagocytic and resembles the murine dendritic cell. It is primarily found in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and accounts for a considerable proportion of the identifiable cells with a stellate or dendritic morphology. The expression of Ia antigens progressively diminished in culture. The second type of novel cell with Ia antigens was highly elongate and fibroblastoid. It was readily obtained from patients with osteoarthritis. The cell was frequently characterized by a blunt-ended filopodium-like process at one pole of the cell, one or two tapering processes, and zones of microvilli, Evidence was obtained suggesting that this cell, which might otherwise be considered fibroblast-like, is in the mononuclear phagocyte lineage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1981.tb00585.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activation of monocytes by three OspA vaccine candidates: lipoprotein OspA is a potent stimulator of monokines (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 19 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The outer surface protein (Osp) A of Borrelia burgdorferi is the first Lyme antigen to be tested in a vaccine for humans. Three forms of OspA vaccine candidates were investigated by the induction of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-10 and interferon (IFN)-γ as markers of monocyte activation and immune stimulation: lipidated OspA (L-OspA), non-lipidated OspA (NL-OspA), and a fusion protein of 81 amino acids of the nonstructural protein 1 of influenza virus with OspA (NS1-OspA). All OspA preparations induced IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in a concentration-dependent manner with peak levels at 12–24 h. These cytokines were entirely derived from the monocyte fraction. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 10 healthy donors, L-OspA at 10 μg ml−1 induced up to 4-fold more IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α than the other OspA preparations (P≤0.0068), followed by NS1-OspA, which was still superior to NL-OspA. L-OspA also induced high levels of IL-10 within 24 h but no significant amounts of IFN-γ. This superior stimulating activity of L-OspA on unstimulated monocytes predominantly depended on N-terminal lipidation of OspA. Similarities to other lipoproteins and synthetic lipopeptides suggest that lipidation confers adjuvant properties on OspA. High induction of IL-10 by L-OspA further suggested a negative feedback on monocyte activation by the lipidated form. The in vitro results are in line with in vivo results in mice, monkeys and humans and indicates that lipoprotein OspA has the best potential for induction of a protective effect in humans, compared to non-lipidated antigens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.1997.tb01068.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The tissue architecture of synovial membranes in inflammatory and non-inflammatory joint diseases (1983)
    Springer
    Rheumatology international 3 (1983), S. 173-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Tissue architecture ; Synovial membranes ; Rheumatoid arthritis ; Ia, monocyte-macrophage antigens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Utilizing monoclonal reagents directed towards antigens of the monocyte-macrophage lineage and Ia antigens, the tissue architecture of synovial membranes obtained from patients with non-inflammatory joint diseases and patients with rheumatoid arthritis was studied. Emphasis was placed on the localization of the type I, type II and type III synoviocytes that previously had been defined by their cell surface phenotype with regard to the expression of monocyte-macrophage lineage (Mθ) and Ia antigens as well as by their phagocytic capacity or the ability to produce glycosaminoglycans. In patients with non-inflammatory joint diseases, cells with the Mθ+ Ia+ (type I) phenotype constituted the majority of synoviocytes immediately adjacent to the joint cavity; cells with this phenotype were also scattered in the subsynovial tissue and in the perivascular regions. The fibroblastoid type III cells defined by the absence of both Mθ and Ia antigens formed the major cell population in the subsynovial tissue in this patient group. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the Ia+ Mθ+ cells were present in a characteristic double configuration forming an intensely positive layer adjacent to the intra-articular space followed by an Ia− Mθ− layer that again was succeeded by an intensely Ia+ Mθ+ layer. Large numbers of synoviocytes bearing Mθ+ Ia+ antigens were also demonstrated in the diffusely inflamed sub-synovial tissue, in the perivascular regions as well as around and within lymphoid infiltrates. The localization of type II cells defined by the presence of Ia antigens, but the absence of Mθ antigens was indicated to be primarily in the broadened layer of synoviocytes, in the perivascular regions and within lymphoid infiltrations. While endothelial cells lacked Ia and Mθ antigens in patients with non-inflammatory joint diseases, Ia+ endothelial cells were identified in some rheumatoid samples; however, the majority of endothelial cells was also Ia negative in this patient group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00541597
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