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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 1 (1994), S. 70-75 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The stability of oblique modulation of ion-acoustic waves in a collisionless plasma consisting of two cold-ion species with different masses, concentrations, and charge states, and hot isothermal electrons is studied. Using the Krylov–Bogoliubov–Mitropolosky (KBM) perturbation technique, a nonlinear Schrödinger equation governing the slow modulation of the wave amplitude, is derived for the system. It is found that the presence of second-ion species significantly changes the instability domain in the k-φ plane. The effect of charge state, concentration, and mass of second-ion species on the modulational instability is discussed in detail. The predictions of the theory are found to be in good agreement with the experimental observations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 4446-4454 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Propagation of ion-acoustic solitons in a plasma consisting of warm positive and negative ion species with different masses, concentrations, and charge states, along with hot electrons, is studied. It is found that the finite temperatures of two ion species give rise to two types of modes, i.e., a slow ion-acoustic mode and a fast ion-acoustic mode. For all values of negative ion concentration, the slow wave mode supports compressive (rarefactive) solitons, when the negative ion species has a higher (lower) temperature than the positive ion species. The fast wave mode supports compressive solitons for low concentration of negative ions. At the critical concentration of negative ions both compressive and rarefactive modified Korteweg–de Vries solitons coexist. Above this critical concentration the system supports rarefactive solitons. The dependence of the critical concentration on the temperatures of two ion species is also discussed. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 29 (1986), S. 128-132 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using the KBM perturbation technique, the stability of oblique modulation of ion-acoustic waves in a two-ion plasma is studied. It is found that the presence of a small amount of lighter ion impurities significantly changes the instability domain in the ω-φ plane. The effect of the concentration and mass of impurity ions on the modulational instability is discussed in detail. The threshold amplitude for instability and nonlinear frequency shift of the wave are also calculated. The predictions of the theory are found to be in good agreement with the experimental observations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 138 (1986), S. 742-750 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 143 (1987), S. 439-446 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 138 (1986), S. 742-750 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Einleitend wird ein Überblick über die früheren Untersuchungen betreffend die schleichende Strömung um eine Kugel gegeben. Die in der Literatur vorliegenden theoretischen Analysen sind auf schwach viskoelastische Flüssigkeiten beschränkt und sagen deshalb nur einen geringen Einfluß der Elastizität auf den Widerstand voraus. In dieser Veröffentlichung wird dagegen eine genäherte theoretische Analyse für die schleichende Strömung um eine starre Kugel in einem unendlich ausgedehnten Medium gegeben, bei welcher zur Lösung der Bewegungsgleichungen und der Kontinuitätsgleichung in Verbindung mit den rheologischen Stoffgleichungen vonCarreau ein Variationsprinzip verwendet wird. Die theoretischen Ergebnisse werden mittels eines Korrekturfaktors zum newtonschen Widerstandskoeffizienten beschrieben. Dieser Korrekturfaktor ist eine Funktion des Potenz-Gesetz-Exponentenn, des Verhältnisses der Grenzviskositäten (η 0 − η∞)/η0 und einer dimensionslosen ZeitΛ, welche das elastische Verhalten kennzeichnet. Die Ergebnisse werden in graphischer Form unter Zugrundelegung eines realistischen Wertebereichs dieser dimensionslosen Gruppen dargestellt. Um diese theoretischen Voraussagen zu verifizieren, wurde der Widerstandskoeffizient für eine Anzahl von Kugeln in einer Reihe von Scherentzähung aufweisenden elastischen Probeflüssigkeiten gemessen. Die Fließeigenschaften dieser Flüssigkeiten wurden zusätzlich mit dem Weissenberg-Rheogoniometer bestimmt. Der Potenz-Gesetz-Exponent variierte dabei zwischen 1,0 und 0,4. Die auf den Kugeldurchmesser und die Nullviskosität bezogenen Reynolds-Zahlen lagen zwischen 4⋅10−6 und 4⋅10−2. Der Unterschied zwischen theoretisch vorausgesagten und experimentell bestimmten Widerstandskoeffizienten war kleiner als ±7,5%. Außerdem wurde noch gefunden, daß die Viskositätsgleichung vonCarreau dazu verwendet werden kann, den elastischen Parameter „erste Normalspannungs-Differenz“ für alle in dieser Untersuchung verwendeten Polymerlösungen mit mäßiger bis guter Genauigkeit vorauszusagen.
    Notes: Summary Previous work on the creeping flow of viscoelastic fluids past a sphere is reviewed. Theoretical analyses available in the literature were obtained for weakly elastic fluids and therefore they predict only a small influence of fluid elasticity on the drag. In this paper, an approximate theoretical analysis is given for the creeping flow past a rigid sphere in an unbounded medium. The analysis uses a variational principle to solve the equations of motion and continuity in conjunction with the Carreau constitutive equation. The theoretical results are presented in terms of a correction factor to the Newtonian drag coefficient. The correction factor is a function of the power law flow behaviour indexn, the ratio of limiting viscosities (η 0 − η∞)/η0 and a dimensionless timeΛ which reflects the elastic nature of the fluids. The results are presented in graphical form covering a realistic range of these dimensionless groups. In order to verify the theoretical predictions, the drag coefficient of a number of spheres was measured in a series of shear thinning elastic test fluids. The flow properties of the test fluids were independently measured with a Weissenberg Rheogoniometer. The power law index of the test fluids varied between 1.0 and 0.4. Particle Reynolds number based onη 0 was in the range of 4⋅10−6 to 4⋅10−2. The difference between theoretically predicted values of drag coefficient and the experimentally measured values is less than ±7.5%. In addition, it is found that the Carreau viscosity equation can be used to predict the elastic parameter of primary normal stress difference with moderate to good accuracy for all the polymer solutions used in this work.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 23 (1984), S. 457-460 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Ellis model fluid ; sphere drag ; non-newtonian flow ; creeping motion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Using the formulation of Hopke and Slattery, upper and lower bounds on the drag coefficient of a sphere moving slowly in Ellis model fluids have been calculated, over wide range of conditions, and compared with the suitable experimental data available in the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 62 (1992), S. 495-504 
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Übersicht Zunächst wird ein kurzer Überblick früherer Arbeiten zur schleichenden Translation von Tropfen in nicht-Newtonschen Flüssigkeiten gegeben. Danach werden die Variationsprinzipe für die Spannungen und Geschwindigkeiten angewendet, um obere und untere Schranken für die Widerstandsk raft abzuschätzen für den Fall, daß eine Flüssigkeitskugel mit Potenzgesetz sich schleichend und mischungsfrei in einer anderen, ruhenden Flüssigkeit mit Potenzgesetz bewegt. Obere und untere Schranken liegen befriedigend dicht beieinander für den Exponentenbereich 1≧n≧0.4, divergieren aber zunehmend mit wachsender Abweichung vom Newtonschen Verhalten. Mehrere frühere Ergebnisse sind in den hiesigen als Sonderfälle enthalten.
    Notes: Summary Previous work on the slow translatory motion of drops, with clean interface, in non-Newtonian media has been briefly reviewed. The velocity and stress variational principles are employed to estimate upper and lower bounds on drag force experienced by a power law fluid sphere moving slowly in another stationary immiscible power law fluid. The upper and lower bounds are reasonably close to each other in the range 1≧n≧0.4 but deviate increasingly as the fluid becomes more and more non-Newtonian. The results reported herein contain several prior results as special cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 48 (1992), S. 994-996 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Peritoneal exudate cells ; tuftsin ; respiratory burst ; myeloperoxidase ; NADPH oxidase ; O 2 − ; H2O2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Intraperitoneal administration of tuftsin-M [Thr−Lys−Pro−Arg−NH−(CH2)2−NH−CO−C15H31] to Balb/C mice has been shown to induce a respiratory burst in the peritoneal exudate cells. The macrophages exhibited enhanced levels of O2 −, H2O2, NADPH oxidase and myeloperoxidase, but the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase remained virtually unchanged. The magnitude of the oxidative burst depended directly on the dose of tuftsin-M; higher activity was observed at higher doses of the peptide. Tuftsin-M enhanced the generation of both O 2 − and H2O2 under in vitro conditions, as did phorbol myristate acetate. These results suggest that tuftsin-M could enhance non-specific defence against infections by activating the macrophages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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