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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 36 (1981), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The subcellular localization of in vivo synthesized cholecystokinin (CCK) in different parts of the rat brain was studied after intracisternal pulse injections of [35S]methionine. The rats were decapitated 1 h after the injection, and the brain was divided into cortex, hippocampus and remainder. Subcellular fractions were obtained according to Whittaker's method. De novo synthesized CCK in the crude mitochondrial-synaptosomal fraction, P2, and in the purified synaptosomal fraction was demonstrated by affinity chromatography, using antibodies specific for the COOH-terminal sequence of CCK. By subsequent gel chromatography two molecular forms of labelled CCK occurred, with elution constants, Kav, of 1.1 (corresponding to the COOH-terminal octapeptide) and of 1.40 (a component which may correspond to the COOH-terminal tet-rapeptide amide, CCK-4). The findings support the idea that the small molecular forms are the transmitter forms of CCK.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 3 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: Maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2max was evaluated after high-altitude training in rowers. Nine rowers trained in a camp at 1822 m for 3 weeks with no change in Vo2max or 6-min work capacity on a rowing ergometer at sea level. In contrast, 9 control rowers training at sea level increased Vo2max by 4 (0-8)% and work capacity by 3 (0-11)% (median and range). In rowers emphasizing endurance training during a summer of competitive rowing (n=9), Vo2max and work capacity increased by 6 (0-13)% and 3 (-1-6)%, respectively and no significant changes were noted in rowers performing interval training (n= 9). Exhaustive rowing on an ergometer was characterized by elevated plasma adrenaline, noradrenaline (n=13) and lactate (n=14) (to 19 (11-31), 74 (50-109) nmol l1 and 15 (11-22) mmol-I1, respectively). In heavyweight rowers (n=11), blood volume was 7.0 (5.9-8.3) litres, left ventricular wall thickness 13 (11-15) mm and end-diastolic diameter 57 (54-66) mm (n=11). This study demonstrated an elevated blood volume in rowers as well as myocardial hypertrophy and large internal heart diameters. In well-trained rowers, endurance training is superior to interval training for elevating Vo2max and work capacity, but high-altitude training does not contribute to increasing Vo2max or work capacity at sea level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 45 (1983), S. 139-153 
    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 50 (1994), S. 1558-1559 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 301 (1977), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Apomorphine ; spinal dopamine system ; nociceptive reflex ; intrathecal 6-hydroxydopamine ; long-term haloperidol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The thermal cutaneous evoked tail flick response was measured both before and after intrathecal injection of R-apomorphine in spinal rats and in rats with an intact neuraxis pretreated with either long-term haloperidol or intrathecal 6-hydroxydopamine. Intrathecal R-apomorphine produced a dose-dependent increase of tail flick latency in spinal rats but not in intact rats. Long-term haloperidol treatment increased the effect of R-apomorphine in spinal rats while 6-OHDA decreased it. The present findings provide further evidence for the modulatory role of spinal DA receptor populations on spinal reflex activity. Pretreatment with long-term haloperidol or 6-OHDA may alter the conformational status of spinal DA receptors in opposite directions and thereby change the responsiveness of receptors to R-apomorphine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin-dependent diabetes ; autonomic neuropathy ; graded exercise ; heart rate ; blood pressure ; cardiac output ; cardiac stroke volume ; plasma volume ; hepato-splanchnic blood flow ; body temperature ; plasma catecholamines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Haemodynamic variables were measured during supine rest and during ergometer cycle exercise at two work loads (50 W and 100 W) in normal subjects (n = 7), in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects without neuropathy (n = 8), in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects with slight autonomic neuropathy (decreased beat-to-beat variation in heart rate, which is considered due to a cardiac parasympathetic defect; n = 8), and in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects with severe autonomic neuropathy, including orthostatic hypotension (n = 7). Compared with normal subjects, cardiac stroke volume was lower in the diabetic subjects with autonomic neuropathy, both at rest and during exercise (p 〈 0.025), whereas intermediate values were found in the diabetic subjects without neuropathy. The increase in cardiac output in response to exercise was smaller (p 〈 0.05) in both diabetic groups with autonomic neuropathy compared with the normal and diabetic subjects without autonomic neuropathy. The increase in hepato-splanchnic vascular resistance was smaller in the diabetic subjects with severe autonomic neuropathy than in the normal subjects and the diabetic subjects without autonomic neuropathy (p 〈 0.025), whereas intermediate values were found in the diabetic subjects with slight autonomic neuropathy. We conclude that, in diabetic patients with severe autonomic neuropathy, the responses of the heart and the splanchnic resistance vessels to exercise are impaired. While sympathetic neuropathy may be responsible for impaired function of splanchnic resistance vessels, both cardiac sympathetic neuropathy and diabetic cardiomyopathy may be involved in the impaired cardiac response to exercise in diabetic subjects with autonomic neuropathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 1 diabetes ; hypoglycaemia ; B cell function ; glucagon ; glucose recovery ; lipolysis ; ketogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hormonal, metabolic and cardiovascular responses to insulin induced hypoglycaemia were investigated in seven Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with residual B cell function, eight Type 1 diabetic patients without B cell function and six healthy subjects. No differences were found between the diabetic groups regarding nadir of glucose and rate of recovery to normoglycaemia. The patients with residual B cell function had a glucagon response to hypoglycaemia which was close to that of normal subjects. In patients without B cell function, the glucagon response to hypoglycaemia was present, albeit significantly smaller than in the patients with preserved B cell function (0.025 ng/ml, range 0.007–0.042 versus 0.054 ng/ml, range 0.029–0.087). The group without B cell function had signs of an exaggerated rate of lipolysis and ketogenesis compared with the patients with B cell function and the normal subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Spontaneous variations ; resting blood flow ; postischaemic peak flow ; vibratory perception ; feet ; diabetics ; arterial calcification ; autonomic neuropathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La variabilité du débit sanguin au repos dans le pied a été étudiée à l'aide de la pléthysmographie par occlusion veineuse, chez 25 diabétiques et 16 non-diabétiques. — Pour évaluer l'état fonctionnel des vaisseaux eux-mêmes, le clocher du débit post-ischémique a été étudié chez les mêmes patients. Pour obtenir une estimation de l'état fonctionnel des nerfs, le seuil de perception vibratoire a été déterminé. — Les résultats suivants ont été obtenus: 1. Les variations spontanées du débit sanguin au repos qui se produisent normalement dans le pied étaient considérablement réduites dans le groupe diabétique, tandis que le débit sanguin moyen au repos était identique dans le groupe diabétique et nondiabétique. L'absence de variations spontanées était en forte corrélation avec la durée du diabète. — 2. Le clocher du débit était souvent réduit chez les patients diabétiques depuis longtemps. Cette anomalie était associée à la présence de calcifications artérielles. — 3. Le seuil de perception vibratoire augmentait avec l'augmentation de la durée du diabète, comme l'ont déjà indiqué d'autres auteurs. — 4. Il a été démontré par l'analyse statistique que la perte de l'activité rythmique du débit sanguin au repos était due à la neuropathie autonome aussi bien qu'à un facteur vasculaire.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die Schwankungen der Ruhedurchblutung des Fußes wurden bei 25 Diabetikern und 16 stoffwechselgesunden Kontrollpersonen durch venöse Okklusions — Pléthysmographie untersucht. Außerdem wurden bei den gleichen Probanden die postischaemische Maximaldurchblutung und die Reizschwelle des Vibrationsempfindens bestimmt, um den funktioneilen Zustand der Gefäße und Nerven beurteilen zu können. — Diese Untersuchungen führten zu folgenden Ergebnissen: 1. Die normalen Spontanschwankungen der Ruhedurchblutung des Fußes waren bei den Diabetikern beträchtlich reduziert, obgleich die Ruhedurchblutung selbst bei der Gruppe der Diabetiker und der Normalpersonen übereinstimmte. Das Fehlen der Spontanschwankungen war mit der Diabetesdauer korreliert. — 2. Bei Langzeitdiabetikern fand sich häufig eine verringerte Maximaldurchblutung bei vermehrtem Nachweis arterieller Gefäßverkalkungen. — 3. Der Schwellenwert für das Vibrationsempfinden stieg parallel zur Dauer der diabetischen Erkrankung an, wie von anderen Autoren bereits demonstriert worden ist. — 4. Durch die statistische Auswertung ließ sich nachweisen, daß die fehlenden Spontanschwankungen der Ruhedurchblutung sich sowohl auf eine autonome Neuropathie als auch auf einen Gefäßfaktor beziehen lassen.
    Notes: Summary The variability of the resting blood flow in the foot was studied by means of venous-occlusion plethysmography in 25 diabetics and 16 non-diabetics. — To evaluate the functional state of the vessels themselves, the postischaemic peak flow was studied in the same patients. To obtain an estimate of the functional state of the nerves the vibratory perception threshold was determined. — The following results were obtained: 1. The normally occuring spontaneous variations in the resting blood flow in the foot were considerably reduced in the diabetic group of patients, although the mean resting blood flow was identical in the diabetic and the nondiabetic group. The lack of spontaneous variations showed a strong association with the duration of diabetes. — 2. The peak flow was often reduced in long term diabetic patients. This abnormality was associated with the presence of arterial calcifications. — 3. The vibratory perception threshold increased with increasing duration of diabetes as already shown by other authors. — 4. It was demonstrated by statistical analysis that the loss of rhythmic activity in the resting blood flow was due to autonomic neuropathy as well as to a vascular factor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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