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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Testing the efficacy of 2 prototype brush heads for a powered toothbrush: refining the model (2002)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of clinical periodontology 29 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objectives: To compare 2 prototype powered toothbrush (PTB) heads (A, B) to a marketed head (Sensiflex 2000) for plaque removing efficacy on the Philips/Jordan HX2550 PTB.Materials and Methods: A 2-week, 3-group, single-blind trial recruited 78 volunteers (18–25). Plaque indices (PIs) were recorded at screening and 14 days later at baseline. Subjects were stratified (gender and PI) and then asked to abstain from oral hygiene measures for 48 h. A supervised episode of brushing with the allocated PTB head followed. Subjects then used the PTBs at home for the next 12 days before being asked to abstain from all oral hygiene measures for another 48 h prior to a second supervised brushing episode. Plaque was scored using a new modification of the Quigley & Hein Index (PI) at full mouth (FM), interproximal (IP) and smooth surfaces (SS). PIs were recorded before and after the supervised brushing episodes to enable the means of the within subject differences (pre- to post-brushing) to be compared between groups (ANOVA/t-tests).Results: There were no significant differences in PI between groups at baseline or prior to the supervised brushings (p〉0.05). Highly significant, mean reductions in PIs (approximately 1/2 of one PI unit) were observed for design B compared with the Sensiflex 2000 at FM and IP sites (p〈0.0001) for both supervised brushing episodes. A significant reduction in PI at SS was seen only after the first brushing episode (p=0.0004). For design A, PI reductions were consistently greater than those for the Sensiflex 2000 but differences were only significant at the p〈0.05 level.Conclusion: It is concluded that this model of clinical trial has sufficient power to demonstrate clinical superiority with respect to plaque removal for PTBs and can be used for testing one or more prototype designs of brush heads.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051x.2002.290107.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catalase Activity in the Epidermis of Patients with Advanced Cancer (1964)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 202 (1964), S. 203-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 Patients suffering from various kinds of cancer with metastasis served as volunteers for these tests. Most of them received radiotherapy before or during the test period. This therapy was not administered to the skin being used to determine the skin catalase activity. Known inhibitors of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/202203a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of brushing force and time on plaque removal using a powered toothbrush (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of clinical periodontology 30 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objectives: Primary objective – To determine the effect of varying brushing forces and brushing times upon the plaque-removing efficacy of a powered toothbrush. Secondary objective – to determine the optimum combination of brushing force and time for plaque removal.Material and Methods: This randomised, single-blind, 16-cell, cross-over trial compared the efficacy of plaque removal of a powered toothbrush (PTB) used with four brushing forces (75, 150, 225 and 300 g) and over four brushing times (30, 60, 120 and 180 s). Twelve volunteers (18–30 years) were recruited and trained to use the Philips/Jordan Sensiflex 2000 PTB, which was modified so that specified forces and times could be recorded. Each subject was asked to abstain from all oral hygiene procedures for 24 hs prior to each brushing event, to allow plaque accumulation. Plaque was recorded using a modified Quigley & Hein index (PI) at six points per tooth before and after each episode of brushing, and the differences in the means (pre- to postbrushing) were compared. Three-way anova was undertaken to compare differences between plaque-removing efficacy for the 16 combinations of force and time. Subjects, brushing time and brushing force were used as fixed effects within the analysis.Results: All 12 subjects participating completed the 16 combinations of force and time over which plaque removal was assessed. Statistically significant differences in PI reductions were found between different brushing times and forces over all tooth surfaces (p〈0.001). The interaction of varying brushing force and brushing time was significant for full mouth (FM) and interproximal (IP) sites (p〈0.03). No statistical significance was demonstrated for smooth surface (SS) sites, nor was it detected for the interaction of subjects with brushing force or subjects with brushing time (p〉0.05).Conclusion: We conclude that brushing time and brushing force have significant effects upon the level of plaque removal by a PTB, and at 120 s brushing time the improvement in plaque removal with forces in excess of 150 g was negligible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051X.2003.20008.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimentelle Rekonstruktion der Orbita beim Schaf mit biodegradablen Implantaten (1998)
    Springer
    Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie 2 (1998), S. S117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3940
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Orbitarekonstruktion ; Resorbierbare Implantate ; Polylaktat ; Key words Orbital reconstruction ; Biodegradable implants ; Polylactide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In a complex animal model in sheep, polydioxanone (PDS®) and polylactic membranes were used for the reconstruction of large orbital-wall defects. In a long-term experiment over 1 year, polylactic implants alone showed the best performance as compared with combinations involving autogenous bone grafts and titanium miniplate fixation. As soon as these polylactic implants are approved for human surgery, they will be used to solve the still challenging problem of anatomical reconstruction of large comminuted fractures of more than one orbital wall.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In einem experimentellen Modell wurden biodegradierbare Membranen aus Polydioxanon (PDS ® ) resp. Polylaktat zur Rekonstruktion großer Orbitawanddefekte bei Schafen verwendet. Im Langzeitversuch über ein Jahr zeigten diejenigen Rekonstruktionen die besten Resultate, bei welchen ausschließlich biodegradierbare Implantate aus Polylaktat zur Anwendung kamen. Bei gleichzeitiger Verwendung von autologen Knochentransplantaten und Titan-Miniplatten-Osteosynthesen war die anatomische Form der rekonstruierten Orbita weniger zuverlässig gewährleistet. Es darf erwartet werden, dass die klinische Zulassung der Polylaktat-Implantate die chirurgische Wiederherstellung ausgedehnter Trümmerfrakturen mehrerer Orbitawände wesentlich erleichtern wird und zu vorhersehbaren, anatomischen Rekonstruktionen führt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00014455
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) analysis of ocular melanoma
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics 77 (1994), S. 182 
    Details
    ISSN: 0165-4608
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0165-4608(94)90365-4
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