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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 16 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A characteristic feature of the kinetics of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channels is fast and nearly complete desensitization with a time course between 10 and 100 ms and recovery from desensitization in the range of some hundred ms. In the present study we used a piezo-driven system for ultra-fast solution exchange, analysed the recovery from the fast desensitized state of mouse recombinant adult-type nAChR channels and found no difference to that of embryonic-type channels. By double pulse experiments with application of pulses with a saturating concentration of 1 mm acetylcholine (ACh) with increasing duration of the first pulse and a constant interval between pulses we detected a second slow desensitized state which was entered with a time constant of 2835 ms. Recovery from the slow desensitized state proceeded with a single exponential with a time constant of 16134 ms. The experimental data were interpreted by the addition of a transition from the desensitized state with two bound ACh molecules to a slow desensitized state to the well known circular kinetic scheme of activation and desensitization of nAChR channels. This slow desensitized state might play a role in muscle fatigue or in pathological states like myasthenic syndromes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: B"2-receptor ; Bradykinin ; Cyclic adenosine monophosphate ; Inositol phosphate ; Kinin hydroxylation
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters A 111 (1985), S. 121-124 
    ISSN: 0375-9601
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters A 108 (1985), S. 269-271 
    ISSN: 0375-9601
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Acute myelomonocytic leukemia ; AML M4Eo subtype ; Cytogenetics ; Trisomy 21
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe a 30-year-old acute myelomonocytic leukemia patient with abnormal bone marrow eosinophils (AML FAB subtype M4Eo) with extensive extramedullary involvement and, in the absence of an aberration involving chromosome 16, clonal trisomy 21 in the leukemic blast cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Okulopharyngeale Muskeldystrophie ; Trinukleotiderkrankungen ; Keywords Okulopharyngeal muscular dystrophy ; Trinucleotide disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is an autosomal dominant myopathy with almost benign course. Its clinical features include ptosis, dysphagia, and proximal limb muscle weakness. The OPMD gene has been localized to chromosome 14, causing expansions of GCG triplets. Scattered families with OPMD belonging to different ethnic groups have been described worldwide. We describe one from northern Germany. In genetic diagnosis, expansion of GCG triplets to 11 was observed, which proved that myopathy, which is very rare in Germany.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Okulopharyngeale Muskeldystrophie (OPMD) ist eine familiäre Muskelerkrankung mit überwiegend benignem Verlauf, die autosomal dominant vererbt wird. Die Erkrankung ist klinisch gekennzeichnet durch Ptose, Dysphagie und proximale Muskelschwäche. Die Symptome treten in verschiedener Ausprägung, auch innerhalb einer Familie auf. Die Erkrankung wurde bei unterschiedlichen ethnischen Gruppen, insbesondere französisch-kanadischen Familien und bei Buchara-Juden beschrieben. Der Gendefekt liegt auf dem Chromosom 14 und verursacht eine Zunahme der GCG-Triplets, die für die Aminosäure Alanin kodieren. Die OPMD muss somit den sog. Trinukleotid-Erkrankungen zugerechnet werden. In dem vorliegenden Bericht präsentieren wir den Fall einer familiären OPMD, der in Norddeutschland aufgetreten ist, und bei der genetischen Testung eine Zunahme der GCG-Triplets auf 11 zeigt. Dies ist diagnostisch beweisend für das Vorliegen der in Deutschland sehr selten vorkommenden Muskelerkrankung OPMD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Gilles de la Tourette-Syndrom ; Alkohol ; Nikotin ; Marihuana ; Cannabis ; Key words Gilles de la Tourette syndrome ; Alcohol ; Nicotine ; Marijuana ; Cannabis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric spectrum disorder of unknown etiology. While several studies have provided evidence that nicotine causes an improvement, only anecdotal reports suggest that alcohol and marijuana influence the symptomatology. Using a structured interview, we questioned a larger group of patients with Tourette syndrome (n=47) about the use of nicotine, alcohol, and marijuana and their subjective experiences. Of 28 smoking patients only 2 (7%) reported a tic reduction when smoking. Of 35 patients drinking alcohol 24 (69%) noted an improvement. Thirteen patients reported the use of marijuana, of whom 11 (85%) noted a marked improvement. Our results provided strong evidence that the use of both alcohol and marijuana causes much more improvement in TS than nicotine smoking. We suggest that marijuana influences an assumed interaction between cannabinoid and dopamine receptors and, by this, influences the dopaminergic processes in basal ganglia and motor activity.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Gilles de la Tourette-Syndrom ist eine komplexe neuropsychiatrische Erkrankung ungeklärter Ätiologie. Während verschiedene Studien Hinweise ergaben, daß Nikotin zu einer Symptoreduktion führen kann, liegen nur Einzelbeschreibungen zum Einfluß von Alkohol und Marihuana vor. Mittels eines strukturierten Interviews befragten wir eine große in unserer Ambulanz betreute Patientengruppe mit Tourette-Syndrom zu Gewohnheiten und subjektiven Erfahrungen. Von 47 befragten erwachsenen Patienten berichteten lediglich 2 von 28 rauchenden Patienten (7%) über eine Tic-Reduktion während des Rauchens, hingegen verspürten 24 von 35 Patienten (69%), die gelegentlich oder regelmäßig Alkohol trinken, eine deutliche Symtomreduktion. Von 13 Patienten mit gelegentlichem oder regelmäßigem Marihuanagebrauch schilderten 11 (85%) eine deutliche Symptomreduktion während des Konsums. Unsere Ergebnisse belegen, daß Alkohol und (mehr noch) Marihuana zu einer sehr viel ausgeprägteren Symptomverbesserung führen als Nikotin. Marihuana könnte durch Bindung an spezielle, vermutlich mit Dopamin-D1- und -D2-Rezeptoren interagierende, Cannabinoid-Rezeptoren zu einer Beeinflussung des motorischen Systems führen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Neuromuscular transmission ; Repetitive nerve firing ; Anticholinesterases ; Corticosteroids ; Myasthenia gravis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of prednisolone on indirectly stimulated rat muscle twitch was investigated at normal and prostigmine-treated neuromuscular junctions. In vivo, predenisolone up to 150 mg/kg body weight did not affect twitch contraction in normal animals. In neostigmine-pretreated animals, however, doses between 12.5 and 90 mg/kg could entirely abolish the anticholinesterase-induced twitch augmentation. In vitro, prednisolone produced a depressant effect on the twitch of a normal phrenic nerve diaphragm preparation which could amount to 20%. When the preparation was pretreated with neostigmine the augmented twitch could be depressed by 10−3 to 10−6 mol/l prednisolone to levels below the untreated control. Part of this effect is owing to a suppression of the neostigmine-induced, stimulus-bound repetitive firing of the motor nerve terminals, but to explain the full effect a further inhibitory action on neuromuscular transmission must be assumed. The latter could be accounted for by a depolarizing interaction of prednisolone and neostigmine on the nerve terminals resulting in conduction block. An action of prednisolone on postsynaptic receptors could also be considered. Such effects of the glucocorticoid might contribute to the exacerbation of muscular weakness occasionally observed in patients with myasthenia gravis at the beginning of steroid therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 82 (2000), S. 23-33 
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Human movement control requires adequate coordination of different movements, which is particularly important when different motor tasks are simultaneously executed by the same effector(s) (e.g. a muscle or a joint). The process of movement execution involves a series of highly nonlinear elements; for instance, a motor unit of a muscle produces force only in the direction of muscle shortening, thus representing a threshold operator that transforms the bipolar (i.e. excitatory or inhibitory) information at its spinal input into a purely unipolar signal (i.e. muscle force). This tripartite research report addresses the contribution of the nonlinearity of neuromuscular elements to the coordination of different motor tasks simultaneously executed by the same limb. In this first part of the series, a new hypothesis for such a single-muscle multiple-task coordination is presented which suggests an essentially threshold-linear coordination mechanism. Control signals generated by the central nervous system for each individual movement independently and feedback information from peripheral receptors are linearly superimposed. This compound control/feedback signal is processed by a nonlinear limiter element reflecting the discontinuous properties of the muscle and its reflex circuitry. It is shown that threshold-linear interaction of descending commands and afferent feedback information can lead to complex interdependent patterns of compound motor action. This includes the possibility of gating (i.e. the ability of one movement pattern to constrain or even impede the execution of another pattern) and of delayed response initiation when simultaneously performing more than one voluntary motor task. A theoretical analysis of the threshold-linear coordination mechanism and an extensive experimental validation of the model is provided in part II and part III of the report.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 222 (1980), S. 275-278 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Antimyotonic treatment ; Myotonic myopathies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die antimyotone Wirkung des Antiarrhythmikums Tocainid wurde an 14 myotonen Patienten untersucht. Bei Tagesdosen von 1200–1600 mg berichteten alle Patienten über gute Unterdrückung der Myotonie; dies wurde durch objektive Tests bestätigt. Nur 4 Patienten berichteten geringfügige Nebeneffekte.
    Notes: Summary The antimyotonic effect of the antiarrhythmic drug tocainide was tested in 14 patients. With 1200 to 1600 mg/d all patients reported good improvement. This was substantiated by objective tests. Only four patients noticed minor side effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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