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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 26 (1996), S. 259-264 
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract On a 1.5-T MR unit conventional spin-echo (CSE) and fast spin-echo (FSE) images were obtained in 70 consecutive children ranging from 4 days to 13 years in age. They suffered from developmental retardation, neurodegenerative, ischemic or inflammatory diseases. In our prospective study artifacts, lesion conspicuity and general impression were compared between double-echo (proton density- and T2-weighted) CSE and single-echo (T2-weighted) FSE images. Phase artifacts from flowing blood were seen rarely on the FSE images, while motion artifacts appeared more frequently. Assessment of myelination in 43 children with unfinished myelination revealed no difference between FSE and CSE. The lesion conspicuity in 20 children with focal abnormalities compared favorably between FSE and CSE. There was no diagnostically relevant difference between FSE and CSE, although in FSE spin density images were missing. FSE sequences can be used in MR imaging of the pediatric brain without disadvantage and with a time reduction of 67–75%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 27 (1997), S. 207-215 
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. To evaluate the significance of new techniques in MRI examinations of the brain in children with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD). Materials and methods. Five patients aged between 2 and 15 years with childhood ALD were examined with MRI. Following conventional spin-echo (CSE) sequences, a fast spin-echo (FSE) sequence with T2 contrast was performed in four patients, an FSE turbo-inversion- recovery (TIR) sequence in two, magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) imaging in two, and localized proton spectroscopy (MRS) in four patients. Results. FSE compared favorably with CSE with a time saving of 70 %. On TIR images the contrast between normal and demyelinated white matter was greater than on CSE and FSE images. Calculated MTC values revealed a severe MTC loss within the demyelinated regions and a moderate reduction in the border zones. In this way, calculation of MTC might be useful to differentiate between edematous changes and areas of irreversible demyelination. MRS revealed a reduction in N -acetylaspartate and an elevation in choline (Cho). The degree of MRS changes paralleled the severity of demyelination. A Cho elevation may precede visible demyelination on T2-weighted images. Conclusion. T2-weighted FSE sequences can replace CSE without any disadvantages and with effective time saving. The indication for MTC imaging and MRS in children with ALD is not yet finally defined. These new techniques may reveal the earliest signs of cerebral involvement or of disease progression, a matter of great importance in selecting the optimal therapeutic approach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Neurocutaneous melanosis (NCM) is a rare nonfamilial syndrome, characterised by large or numerous congenital pigmented nevi and excessive proliferation of melanin-containing cells in the leptomeninges. We report the MR findings in the brain and spine of a child with NCM who underwent neurosurgical treatment and was followed up for 8 years. The findings in this child (small hyperintense collections of melanocytes in both temporal lobes, mild meningeal enhancement along the spine and the development of an extensive subarachnoid CSF accumulation with cord compression and syringomyelia) are believed to be exceptionally rare.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Key words: Intussusception—Ileoileal—Enteroclysis—CT.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a rare case of recurring idiopathic ileoileal intussusception in an adult. Diagnosis was established with abdominal computed tomography (CT) and enteroclysis, which led to a spontaneous reduction of the invagination. After a short period of physical improvement, a follow-up CT showed a recurrence. Surgery proved the diagnosis, but no predisposing factor was found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 526-529 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Fibroma ; ossifying ; Dysplasia ; fibrous ; Nose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a 9-year-old boy with a sinonasal ossifying fibroma, probably congenital, with atypical findings on CT and MRI. CT revealed a soft-tissue density mass in the sphenoethmoidal sinuses, nasal cavity and right maxillary sinus with a few foci of calcification and with remodelling and destruction of the adjacent facial bones. MRI showed high signal on T2- and intermediate signal on T1-weighted images. A thin, partly enhancing outer shell and some nonenhancing septa were visible on contrast-enhanced images. MRI also showed the tumour to extend into the anterior cranial fossa. Subtotal removal was performed. We compare our findings with reports in the literature and discuss the differences from fibrous dysplasia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 37 (1997), S. 27-34 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Extranodale Lymphome ; Radiologische Diagnostik ; MALT-Lymphom ; Nierenlymphom ; Key words Extranodal lymphoma ; Radiological diagnosis ; MALT lymphoma ; Renal lymphoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Primary extranodal lymphoma manifestation in the narrow sense is the term used to define the primary organ manifestation of a malignant lymphoma, excluding the thymus, spleen, Waldeyer's tonsillar ring, the appendix and Peyer's patches. However, in the clinical routine the term is also used for the secondary organ manifestation of underlying lymphoproliferative disease. Primary extranodal lymphomas are mainly non-Hodgkin lymphomas; there is primary extranodal manifestation of Hodgkin's disease in only about 1 % of the cases. Among the extranodal NHL, the highly malignant forms predominate. A major exception is MALT lymphomas, which mainly show low slow growth. In the past, they were considered to be pseudolymphomas because of their slow and localized tumor growth. They were included as an entity of their own for the first time in the Revised European American Lymphoma (REAL) classification of 1994. The incidence data vary between 〈 10 % and 25 % for primary extranodal manifestation. The major reason for this is the difference in extranodal regions because of classification. Secondary organ involvment of an NHL occurs in up to 40 % of the cases in the long-term course of the disease in primary nodal lymphomas. Secondary organ involvment is frequently diagnosed in AIDS patients who develop an AIDS-related lymphoma (85 % of cases). The following contribution reports on the radiological imaging of extranodal lymphoma manifestation in the thoracoabdominal region.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Unter primärer extranodaler Lymphommanifestation im engen Sinne wird die primäre Organmanifestation eines malignen Lymphoms unter Ausschluß von Thymus, Milz, dem Waldeyerschen Rachenring, des Wurmfortsatzes und der Peyerschen Ileumplaques definiert. Im klinischen Alltag wird der Begriff jedoch auch für die sekundäre Organmanifestation einer lymphoproliferativen Grunderkrankung eingesetzt. Primär extranodale Lymphome sind überwiegend Non-Hodgkin-Lymphome; nur in ca. 1 % der Fälle manifestiert sich der Morbus Hodgkin primär extranodal. Bei den extranodalen NHL überwiegen die hochmalignen Formen. Wesentliche Ausnahme hiervon sind die vorwiegend niedrig malignen MALT-Lymphome. In der Vergangenheit wegen ihres langsamen und ortsständigen Tumorwachstums als Pseudolymphome betrachtet, sind sie erstmalig als eigene Entität in der „Revised-European-American-Lymphoma (REAL-)-Klassifikation“ von 1994 berücksichtigt worden. Die Häufigkeitsangaben schwanken für die primäre extranodale Manifestation zwischen 〈 10–25 %. Wesentlicher Grund hierfür ist die klassifikationsbedingte unterschiedliche Berücksichtigung extranodaler Regionen. Eine sekundäre Organbeteiligung durch ein NHL tritt in bis zu 40 % der Fälle im langfristigen Krankheitsverlauf primär nodaler Lymphome auf. Bei AIDS-Patienten, die an einem AIDS-assoziierten Lymphom erkranken, wird der sekundäre Organbefall in 85 % der Fälle häufig diagnostiziert. Der folgende Beitrag setzt sich mit der radiologischen Bildgebung extranodaler Lymphommanifestationen im thorakoabdominalbereich auseinander.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 157 (1998), S. 849-852 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Focal heterotopia ; Neuronal migration ; Developmental language disorder ; Monozygotic twins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe 9-year-old monozygotic male twins with a developmental language disorder of the phonologic-syntactic type and learning difficulties. High-resolution MRI revealed bilateral parieto-temporal grey matter heterotopias in both twins, on the left more than on the right, and more pronounced in the more affected twin. This suggests a causal relationship between the heterotopias and the neuropsychological findings in this twin pair. Conclusion Neuronal migration defects and ensuing focal heterotopias may be causally related to developmental language disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Wilson's disease ; Positron emission tomography ; Dopamine D2 receptor ; Regional cerebral glucose metabolism ; Functional recovery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Regional cerebral glucose metabolism (rCMRGlc) and dopamine D2 receptor binding were measured in a 31-year-old, severely affected, untreated patient with Wilson's disease of 3 years' duration using positron emission tomography and18F-deoxyglucose and18F-methylspiperone ([18F]MSP), respectively. There was a severe reduction of striatal and extrastriatal rCMRGlc as well as of striatal [18F]MSP accumulation rate. After 1 year of treatment withd-penicillamine, striatal and extrastriatal rCMRGlc and striatal [18F]MSP accumulation rate reached almost normal levels. It is hypothesized that recovery of motor functions due to copper trapping therapy was associated with an increase in basal ganglia activity and a re-expression or upregulation of dopamine D2 receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of inherited metabolic disease 20 (1997), S. 755-760 
    ISSN: 1573-2665
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Clinical and metabolic changes in the central nervous system are described in a patient with biotinidase deficiency before and after biotin treatment. Lactate, pyruvate and 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid as metabolic disease markers were measured in blood, cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue by biochemical analyses or localized magnetic resonance proton spectroscopy. The patient improved markedly with biotin treatment. Nevertheless, neurological sequelae and abnormal intracerebral lactate concentrations persisted despite normalized metabolic disease markers in extracerebral fluids. Therefore, localized in vivo measurements of intracerebral metabolites may be a valuable tool for elucidating the pathogenesis of biotinidase deficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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