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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Pancreas, computed tomography ; Pancreas, age-related changes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Abdominal computed tomographic scans were performed on a group of 360 patients between the ages of 20 and 80 years. The anteroposterior diameter of the pancreatic head, body, and tail, the age-related ratio of vertebral body-pancreas diameter, and the external and internal contours of the organ were analyzed. The age-related changes in the pancreas were compared with known anatomical findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of dermatology 22 (1983), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-4632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: : A 28-year-old, black man with end-stage renal disease developed alopecia over both temples while taking minoxidil. Red hair grew over these areas after several months.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome ; Cerebral toxoplasmosis ; Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the results of a hospital-based study of 188 consecutive patients seropositive for the human immune deficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) who presented in a 4-year period (1988–1991) with possible signs or symptoms of first-ever central nervous system disease. Confirmed diagnoses were cerebral toxoplasmosis in 47 patients (25.0%), HIV-1 encephalopathy in 19 (10.1%), progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML) in 9 (4.8%), cerebral lymphoma in 1 (0.5%), and other conditions in 9 patients (4.8%). Seventy-three subjects (38.8%) showed focal brain lesions on initial computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, which were assessed prospectively. Positive predictivity for toxoplasmosis was 100% if multiple lesions occurred in combination with mass effect or contrast enhancement (23 patients), or if at least one space-occupying or enhancing lesion was located in the basal ganglia or the thalamus (26 patients). Solitary lesions with mass effect or contrast enhancement were seen in 26 patients and were caused by cerebral toxoplasmosis in 22 (84.6%). Eight of the 9 PML patients presented with one or more non-enhancing, non-mass lesions, although the predictive value of this pattern was low (47.1% for PML). Thus, in our epidemiological context, certain imaging findings in HIV-1-seropositive patients were highly predictive of cerebral toxoplasmosis. This may differ from findings from other parts of the world where cerebral toxoplasmosis may be less prevalent among HIV-1-infected individuals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 27 (1997), S. 207-215 
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. To evaluate the significance of new techniques in MRI examinations of the brain in children with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD). Materials and methods. Five patients aged between 2 and 15 years with childhood ALD were examined with MRI. Following conventional spin-echo (CSE) sequences, a fast spin-echo (FSE) sequence with T2 contrast was performed in four patients, an FSE turbo-inversion- recovery (TIR) sequence in two, magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) imaging in two, and localized proton spectroscopy (MRS) in four patients. Results. FSE compared favorably with CSE with a time saving of 70 %. On TIR images the contrast between normal and demyelinated white matter was greater than on CSE and FSE images. Calculated MTC values revealed a severe MTC loss within the demyelinated regions and a moderate reduction in the border zones. In this way, calculation of MTC might be useful to differentiate between edematous changes and areas of irreversible demyelination. MRS revealed a reduction in N -acetylaspartate and an elevation in choline (Cho). The degree of MRS changes paralleled the severity of demyelination. A Cho elevation may precede visible demyelination on T2-weighted images. Conclusion. T2-weighted FSE sequences can replace CSE without any disadvantages and with effective time saving. The indication for MTC imaging and MRS in children with ALD is not yet finally defined. These new techniques may reveal the earliest signs of cerebral involvement or of disease progression, a matter of great importance in selecting the optimal therapeutic approach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1439-099X
    Keywords: Key Words: Ewing's tumors ; Megatherapy ; TBI ; Peripheral stem cell transplantation ; Schlüsselwörter: Ewing-Tumor ; Hochdosis-Radiochemotherapie ; Ganzkörperbestrahlung ; Periphere Stammzelltransplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Hintergrund: Im Rahmen der kooperativen Therapieoptimierungsstudien hat sich die Prognose der Ewing-Tumor-Patienten schrittweise verbessern lassen, so daß heute 55 bis 65% langfristig und erkrankungsfrei überleben. Patienten mit primär multifokalen oder früh- bzw. mehrfach rezidivierenden Ewing-Tumoren haben eine sehr schlechte Prognose. Sie scheinen von einer Megatherapie mit nachfolgender Transplantation von autologen hämatopoetischen Stammzellen zu profitieren. Voraussetzung für diese intensive Therapie ist eine koordinierte interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit zwischen Diagnostikern, Operateuren, Strahlentherapeuten und Onkologen. Patienten und Methode: Seit 1988 erhielten 25 Patienten eine Megatherapie, bestehend aus Melphalan, Etoposid und Ganzkörperbestrahlung. Die Patienten erhielten sechs Zyklen einer Induktionschemotherapie. Initial großvolumige Tumoren (〉200 ml) oder nach dem dritten Chemotherapieblock noch nachweisbare Lungenmetastasen wurden vor dem vierten Therapieblock exstirpiert. Parallel zum fünften und sechsten Chemotherapieblock erfolgte die Lokalbestrahlung aller befallenen Lokalisationen. Einen möglichen Einfluß auf die Entwicklung von Rezidiven kann die fortbestehende Immundysregulation nach der Megatherapie haben. Um deshalb die Proliferation und zytotoxische Aktivität der früh regenerierenden NK-Zellen zu steigern, war eine immunmodulierende Nachbehandlung mit systemischen Interleukin-2-Gaben Teil des Therapiekonzeptes. Ergebnisse: Von 25 Patienten, die eine derartige Megatherapie erhielten, leben zehn Patienten mit einer Nachbeobachtungszeit von sechs Monaten bis zu neun Jahren. Durch den Einsatz von G-CSF und die Verwendung CD34+-selektionierter Stammzellen beträgt die Zeit bis zum Engraftment statt 15 ± 6 Tagen nur noch 9 ± 2 Tage. Parallel dazu verkürzte sich die Zeitspanne für regelmäßige Substitutionen der Erythrozyten und Thrombozyten. Regelmäßige Nebenwirkungen bzw. Komplikationen dieser intensiven Therapie waren Mukositis und Infektionen. Ein Patient entwickelte 4,5 Jahre nach der Megatherapie ein myelodysplastisches Syndrom, und ein Patient verstarb nach einer Sepsis im Multiorganversagen. Jedoch sind nach wie vor Rezidive die häufigste Todesursache. Schlußfolgerung: Durch dieses komplexe Diagnose- und Therapiekonzept kann bei einer Patientengruppe mit sehr schlechter Prognose eine EFS von 34% erreicht werden. Um die Aussagen zur Effizienz der Hochdosistherapie bei Ewing-Tumor-Patienten zu verbessern und vergleichbarer zu gestalten, sind größere kooperative Studien mit klar definierten Risikokriterien und Therapieregimen bei einer größeren Zahl von Patienten erforderlich.
    Notes: Background: The prognosis of Ewing's tumor patients has been improved gradually through cooperative therapy studies, so that meanwhile 55 to 65% of the patients survive relapse-free in the long term. Patients with multifocal primary, early or multiply-relapsed Ewing's tumors have a dismal prognosis. Megatherapy with subsequent stem cell transplantation seems to improve outcome in this patient cohort. Feasibility of this intense megatherapy regimen is crucially dependent on collaboration and multidisciplinary coordination of radiologists, radiotherapists, surgeons and oncologists. Patients and Methods: Since 1988, 25 patients were treated with megatherapy consisting of melphalan, etoposide and total-body irradiation followed by stem cell transplantation. All patients received 6 courses of an induction therapy. Before the fourth therapy block, tumors that were bulky at initial diagnosis (〉200 ml) were excised, as well as lung metastases which could still be detected after the third chemotherapy block. During the fifth and sixth chemotherapy block, patients received local irradiation on all infiltrated sites. Persisting immunosuppression after high-dose treatment may facilitate the incidence of relapse. To improve proliferation and cytotoxic activity of early regenerating NK-cells, adoptive immunotherapy with systemic IL-2 therapy after megatherapy is part of the treatment protocol. Results: Of 25 patients treated with megatherapy, 10 patients are still alive with a follow-up time of 6 months to 9 years after megatherapy. The time up to engraftment was decreased from 15 ± 6 days down to 9 ± 2 days through the use of G-CSF and CD24+ selected stem cells. At the same time, erythrocyte and platelet replacement was shortened. Frequently occurring complications were mucositis and infections. One patient died after developing septicemia and multiorgan failure, another patient developed a myelodysplastic syndrome 4.5 years after megatherapy. However, relapse is still the major cause of death. The influence of IL-2 on event-free survival cannot valued because 21 of 25 patients were treated with adoptive immunotherapy. Conclusion: The complex diagnostic and therapeutic strategy renders an EFS of 34% for a patient group with otherwise dismal prognosis. To clarify the efficiency of megatherapy in patients with advanced Ewing's tumors, a standardized treatment strategy is necessary to accumulate a sufficient number of patients for large cooperative studies in this subject.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1574-4647
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract When α-tocopherol was added to axenic cultures of the free-living nematode Turbatrix aceti, larvae grew at a faster rate than untreated controls. Additional studies showed that α-tocopherol must be present during the first 72 hours of development to produce this effect. α-Tocopherol supplementation increases Iifespan of these nematodes as well as increasing their rate of development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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