Library

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 246 (1999), S. 211-217 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Human ; immunodeficiency virus type 1 ; Stavudine ; Polyneuropathy ; Nerve conduction studies ; Quantitative sensory testing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Stavudine (2′,3′-didehydro-3′deoxythymidine) is a pyrimidine analogue that may be of great value in combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) for treating patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We assessed potential neurotoxic side effects by comparing peripheral nerve function in patients receiving ART including stavudine (n = 107) with that of patients receiving ART with zidovudine (n = 103). A cross-sectional analysis of electroneurographic data revealed no significant differences. In a follow-up examination of 31 patients newly started on ART with stavudine we observed no significant effects of the drug on electrophysiological measures. At a daily dose of 1.0 mg/kg the incidence of peripheral nervous system disease in our patients was about 10%. Repeated follow-up analysis of 13 patients on stavudine showed a significant reduction in sural nerve amplitude. Quantitative sensory testing in 13 patients revealed no systematic effect of stavudine on small nerve fibers. Peripheral nerve function in HIV-1 seropositive patients on ART with stavudine did not differ significantly from that in patients on ART with zidovudine. Therefore stavudine at a daily dose of 1.0 mg/kg is an alternative for patients who do not tolerate, or who have become resistant to zidovudine and can be recommended as a first-line drug in combination ART.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The trans-activator protein Tat of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is regarded as an injurious molecule in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 associated encephalopathy (HIVE). We investigated the effects of Tat on neuroligand-induced intracellular Ca2+ increase in cultured astroglial cells. Rat cortical astrocytes, human glioblastoma cells and glial restricted precursor cells, from a human embryonic teratocarcinoma cell line, were incubated with recombinant Tat (100 ng/mL for 60 min) which induced a significant reduction of glutamate or ATP-induced intracellular Ca2+ increase (‘glutamate response’, ‘ATP response’). The reduction of the glutamate response was also observed following cell incubation with cell extracts of HeLa-T4+ cells transiently transfected with an expression plasmid coding for Tat. However, inactivation of the transcriptional trans-activity of Tat, by using a mutant form of Tat, as well as inhibition of de novo protein synthesis by cycloheximide abolished the effect on the glutamate response. This suggests that Tat acts upon induction of a so far unknown cellular gene whoes gene product causes the reduction of glutamate responses. As the effect of Tat resembles the effect of TNFα on glutamate responses [Köller et al. (2001) Brain Res., 893, 237–243] which is locally released within the brains of HIVE patients, we also tested for synergistic effects of Tat and TNFα on the glutamate response. Low concentrations of Tat in combination with subthreshold concentrations of TNFα also elicited a marked reduction of astroglial glutamate responses. Our data suggest that Tat and TNFα, both by itself and synergistically, induce astroglial dysfunction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Dementia ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; Electrophysiology ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Thirty-three HIV-positive patients with clinical signs of dementia according to the 1991 AAN criteria underwent psychometric, electrophysiological and radiological examination and were compared with a group of normal healthy subjects and a cohort of clinically asymptomatic HIV-1-positive individuals of comparable education and social environment. Compared with the other groups, test performance was severely impaired in the demented patients. Results of motor testing and MRI revealed that subcortical structures were not exclusively affected, but most severely and early, thus characterizing the clinical feature in HIV-1-associated dementia. In demented patients a rapid deterioration was observed, leading to death within about 12 months on average, which is a markedly shorter survival time than described in the literature for non-demented HIV-1-positive individuals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: HIV infection ; Motor performance ; Subclinical central nervous system involvement ; Intravenous drug abuse ; Homosexual control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Motor tests comprising the analysis of postural tremor, most rapid voluntary alternating index finger movements (MRAM) and the rise time of most rapid index finger extensions (CT) allow us to quantify HIV-associated minor motor deficits electrophysiologically. The electrophysiological results in 57 HIV-positive individuals who acquired HIV infection by intravenous drug abuse (IVDA) were compared with those of 57 matched HIV-positive homosexuals and 98 HIV-negative controls to evaluate a possible additional influence of IVDA on motor performance. Motor deficits showed no differences between HIV-positive IV drug abusers and homosexuals, revealing a highly significant slowing of MRAM and prolongation of CT to an almost identical extent. Thus, in HIV-infected individuals minor motor deficits are characteristic early signs of subclinical central nervous system involvement regardless of the mode of HIV infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome ; Cerebral toxoplasmosis ; Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the results of a hospital-based study of 188 consecutive patients seropositive for the human immune deficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) who presented in a 4-year period (1988–1991) with possible signs or symptoms of first-ever central nervous system disease. Confirmed diagnoses were cerebral toxoplasmosis in 47 patients (25.0%), HIV-1 encephalopathy in 19 (10.1%), progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML) in 9 (4.8%), cerebral lymphoma in 1 (0.5%), and other conditions in 9 patients (4.8%). Seventy-three subjects (38.8%) showed focal brain lesions on initial computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, which were assessed prospectively. Positive predictivity for toxoplasmosis was 100% if multiple lesions occurred in combination with mass effect or contrast enhancement (23 patients), or if at least one space-occupying or enhancing lesion was located in the basal ganglia or the thalamus (26 patients). Solitary lesions with mass effect or contrast enhancement were seen in 26 patients and were caused by cerebral toxoplasmosis in 22 (84.6%). Eight of the 9 PML patients presented with one or more non-enhancing, non-mass lesions, although the predictive value of this pattern was low (47.1% for PML). Thus, in our epidemiological context, certain imaging findings in HIV-1-seropositive patients were highly predictive of cerebral toxoplasmosis. This may differ from findings from other parts of the world where cerebral toxoplasmosis may be less prevalent among HIV-1-infected individuals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: AIDS ; Neuropathology ; Immunohistochemistry ; In-situ hybridization ; Opportunistic diseases ; AIDS ; Neuropathologie ; Immunhistochemie ; In-situ-Hybridisierung ; Opportunistische Erkrankungen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Gehirne von 70 verstorbenen AIDS-Patienten wurden mit Hilfe von Immunhistochemie und in-situ-Hybridisierung in einer systematischen Autopsie-Serie (1985–Juli 1992) untersucht. Die neuropathologischen Befunde wurden mit den neurologischen und neuroradiologischen Untersuchungsergebnissen korreliert. Opportunistische Infektionen umfaßten Toxoplasmose (15 Fälle), Cytomegalievirus (CMV)-Encephalitis (6), progressive multifokale Leukoencephalopathie (2) und Pilzinfektionen (3). Maligne Lymphome fanden sich bei 7 Patienten; 6 davon waren primäre ZNS-Lymphome, eines eine metastatische Absiedelung. In 14 Fällen waren die Befunde vereinbar mit einer HIV-Encephalitis bzw. HIV-Leukoencephalopathie. In 31 Fällen fanden sich unspezifische Veränderungen. Bei den Patienten mit opportunistischen Infektionen zeigte sich in 15 Fällen (55%) keine Übereinstimmung zwischen klinischer und pathologischer Diagnose. An Paraffin-Serienschnitten wurden Toxoplasmen, CMV und JC-Virus mit Immunhistochemie und in-situ-Hybridisierung identifiziert. Mit Hilfe von Antikörpern gegen Lymphozyten-Subtypen, Gewebsmakrophagen, saures Gliafaserprotein und basisches Myelin-protein wurden die Phänotypen der Zellen charakterisiert und das Ausmaß von Gliose und Demyelinisierung quantifiziert. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, daß Ausmaß und Verteilung der morphologischen Veränderungen bereits zu Lebzeiten der Patienten hilfreich für die Differentialdiagnose sein können. Da neurologische Komplikationen die erste oder einzige Manifestation von AIDS darstellen können und Risikofaktoren häufig nicht bekannt sind, kann eine ZNS-Beteiligung bei AIDS Mitursache eines plötzlichen, unerwarteten Todes oder Unfalls sein. Opportunistische Erkrankungen sollten bei klinischem Bild eines Apoplex oder einer Demenz differentialdiagnostisch ausgeschlossen werden. Darüberhinaus können ZNS-Läsionen post-
    Notes: Summary The brains of 70 fatal cases with AIDS were studied by means of immunohistochemistry and in-situ hybridization in a consecutive autopsy series (1985–July 1992). In addition, the neuropathological changes were correlated with the neurological and neuroimaging findings. Opportunistic infections included toxoplasmosis (15 cases), cytomegalovirus (CMV)-encephalitis (6), progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (2) and fungal infections (3). Malignant lymphomas were found in 7 patients; 6 involved primarily the CNS, one was metastatic. In 14 cases the neuropathological changes were consistent with HIV encephalitis and HIV leucoencephalopathy. Non-specific lesions occurred in 31 cases. The clinical diagnosis in patients with opportunistic diseases (n = 27) diverged in 15 cases (55%) from the underlying pathology. Toxoplasma gondii, CMV and JC viruses were identified by immunohistochemistry and in-situ hybridization on serial paraffin sections. In addition, antibodies against lymphocyte subsets, tissue macrophages, the glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) and myelin basic protein were used to characterize the phenotype of cells and to highlight the degree of gliosis and demyelination. Our results show that the distribution and degree of morphological changes might be helpful for the differential diagnosis antemortem. Since neurological complications may represent the first or sole manifestation of AIDS and risk factors for AIDS are often not known, it should be taken into account that CNS manifestations of AIDS may contribute to a sudden and unexpected death or accident. Opportunistic diseases should be considered as a possible differential diagnosis in cases mimicking the clinical picture of apoplexia or dementia. Furthermore, CNS lesions may be detected postmortem in patients who were not known to suffer from Neuro-Aids during life, indicating that CNS involvement is more widespread than assumed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...