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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 245 (1998), S. 327-328 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome ; Cerebral toxoplasmosis ; Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the results of a hospital-based study of 188 consecutive patients seropositive for the human immune deficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) who presented in a 4-year period (1988–1991) with possible signs or symptoms of first-ever central nervous system disease. Confirmed diagnoses were cerebral toxoplasmosis in 47 patients (25.0%), HIV-1 encephalopathy in 19 (10.1%), progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML) in 9 (4.8%), cerebral lymphoma in 1 (0.5%), and other conditions in 9 patients (4.8%). Seventy-three subjects (38.8%) showed focal brain lesions on initial computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, which were assessed prospectively. Positive predictivity for toxoplasmosis was 100% if multiple lesions occurred in combination with mass effect or contrast enhancement (23 patients), or if at least one space-occupying or enhancing lesion was located in the basal ganglia or the thalamus (26 patients). Solitary lesions with mass effect or contrast enhancement were seen in 26 patients and were caused by cerebral toxoplasmosis in 22 (84.6%). Eight of the 9 PML patients presented with one or more non-enhancing, non-mass lesions, although the predictive value of this pattern was low (47.1% for PML). Thus, in our epidemiological context, certain imaging findings in HIV-1-seropositive patients were highly predictive of cerebral toxoplasmosis. This may differ from findings from other parts of the world where cerebral toxoplasmosis may be less prevalent among HIV-1-infected individuals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Reading and writing 3 (1991), S. 331-343 
    ISSN: 1573-0905
    Keywords: Dyslexia ; Reading ; Handedness ; Laterality ; Temporal lobe ; Planum temporale ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Education
    Notes: Abstract High-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) imaging today allows the in vivo quantification of the surface area of the cortex covering the planum temporale and permits assessment of the direction and degree of individual left-right asymmetry of this structure. This methodologic advance is promoting new studies on the biological mechanisms of anatomic and functional lateralization and on the structural accompaniments of disorders such as developmental dyslexia. It is important to stress that studies must agree on the definition and measurement of planum asymmetry, and we review our definition and its justification in the present article. Data obtained from normal subjects supported the assumption that planum (a)symmetry underlies functional lateralization. Thus, familial sinistrality predicted for symmetry of the planum in all eight left-handers studied. The pattern of planum symmetry in the normals was similar to that found in the post mortem studies of dyslexic individuals. Insofar as hand preference and developmental dyslexia are in part genetically transmitted, we suggest that planum symmetry may represent an inherited condition as well. Further-more, even though planum symmetry is part of the anatomic substrate of developmental dyslexia, it is unlikely that it represents a form of developmental anatomic pathology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-6792
    Keywords: Movement-related neuromagnetic fields ; Movement evoked field I ; Regional cerebral blood flow ; Brain mapping ; Motor activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A method for comparing estimated magnetoencephalographic (MEG) dipole localizations with regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) activation areas is presented. This approach utilizes individual intermodal matching of MEG data, of rCBF measurements with [15O]-butanol and positron emission tomography (PET), and of anatomical information obtained from magnetic resonance (MR) images. The MEG data and the rCBF measurements were recorded in a healthy subject during right-sided simple voluntary movements of the foot, thumb, index finger, and mouth. High resolution 3D-FLASH MR images of the brain consisting of 128 contiguous sagittal slices of 1.17-mm thickness were used. MEG/MR integration was performed by superimposing the 3D head coordinate system constructed during the MEG measurement onto the MR image data using identical anatomical landmarks as references. PET/MR integration was achieved by a phantom-validated iterative front-to-back-projection algorithm resulting in one integrated MEG/PET/MR image. The estimated dipole locations followed the somatotopic organisation of the task-specific rCBF increases as evident from PET, although they did not match point-to-point. Our results demonstrate that intermodal matching of MEG, PET and MR data provides a tool for relating estimated neuromagnetic field locations to task-specific rCBF changes in individual subjects. Our method offers the perspective of refined dipole modelling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1615-6706
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter: Karotisstenose ; Karotisbifurkation ; Karotisangioplastie ; Karotisstent ; Stent ; Protektion ; Key Words: Carotid stenosis ; Carotid bifurcation ; Carotid angioplasty ; Carotid stent ; Stent ; Protection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the technical feasibility and safety of balloon protected carotid stenting. Forty-one high-grade (〉70%) bifurcational carotid stenoses (37 atheromatous, 4 restenoses after carotid endarterectomy, 33 symptomatic, 8 asymptomatic) were treated by implantation of selfexpanding Wallstents under temporary balloon occlusion of the internal carotid artery. Periinterventional complications as well as technical difficulties and recanalization results were analyzed. Recanalization of the stenosis was successful in 39 out of 41 cases (95%). Thirty stent implantations were performed under balloon protection during all steps of the procedure. In 8 cases with technically unfeasible placement of the protection system and in 1 patient with intolerance of prolonged balloon occlusion partial protection was confined to the last phase of postdilatation of the stent. Initail technical difficulties were mostly associated with elongated tortuous courses of the stenotic internal carotid artery segment or subtotal calcified stenoses, and did not occur with the use of new steerable protection systems. Due to 1 death periinterventional stroke and death rate was 2.6%. No strokes were observed. Minor residual stenoses as well as inciomplete compliance of the stent with vas cular anatomy had no clinical consequences. Up to now only 1 restenosis was observed during a median follow-up period of 12 months. Carotid stenting with the use of new steerable protection devices is technically feasible and safe in the prevention of embolic complications. Filters which preserve the blood flow as well as more flexible stents with larger expansion forces are desirable to optimize tolerance and recanalization results of endovascular treatment in single difficult cases.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung: Im Rahmen einer offenen klinischen Studie wurden die technische Durchführbarkeit und Sicherheit der Karotisstentimplantation unter Protektion mit temporärer Ballonokklusion der Arteria carotis interna untersucht. 41 über 70%ige Karotisstenosen (37 atherosklerotisch, vier Restenosen nach Karotisendarterektomie, 33 symptomatisch, acht asymptomatisch, 〉 80%) wurden mit selbstexpandierenden Wallstents unter Ballonprotektion behandelt. Neben periinterventionellen Komplikationen wurden technische Schwierigkeiten und angiomorphologische Rekanalisationsergebnisse analysiert. Die Rekanalisation der Stenose gelang in 39 von 41 Fällen (95%), darunter erfolgten 30 Stentimplantationen mit Ballonprotektion während aller Schritte der Angioplastie. In acht Fällen mit technisch unmöglicher Platzierung des Protektionssystems und bei einer Patientin mit Intoleranz der Arteria-carotis-interna-Okklusion wurde sie auf die Nachdilatation des Stents beschränkt. Initiale technische Schwierigkeiten waren in erster Linie mit elongierten, geschlängelten Gefäßverläufen sowie mit höchstgradigen verkalkten Stenosen assoziiert und traten bei Verwendung neuer, steuerbarer Protektionssysteme nicht mehr auf. Die periinterventionelle Schlaganfall- und Todesfallrate betrug – bedingt durch einen Todesfall – 2,6%. Schlaganfälle wurden nicht beobachtet. Geringfügige residuale Stenosen und unvollständige Anmodellierungen des Stents an die Gefäßmorphologie führten zu keinen klinischen Konsequenzen. Im Verlauf wurde bisher nur eine Restenose beobachtet. Die Karotisstentimplantation unter Ballonprotektion ist unter Verwendung steuerbarer Protektionssysteme technisch erfolgreich und sicher in der Verhütung zerebraler Embolien. Filtersysteme, die einen Erhalt des Blutstroms ermöglichen, und flexiblere Stents mit stärkeren Expansionskräften sind für einzelne Fälle wünschenswerte Weiterentwicklungen, um die Toleranz und die Rekanalisationsergebnisse zu optimieren.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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