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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 55 (1968), S. 446-447 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 137 (1981), S. 233-236 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Hyperosmolar ; Nonketotic diabetic coma ; Low dose insulin infusion regimen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The authors report the case of a 12-year-old boy with hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma. Pathogenetic aspects and the HLA genotype are discussed. To reduce the hyperglycaemia, a continuous intravenous infusion of regular insulin at a low rate was used. The too rapidly infused sodium-bicarbonate overloaded the body with sodium and caused intracellular sodium accumulation with edema. This could explain the disorientation after regaining consciousness. Much more important than the sodium-bicarbonate infusion is an accurate rehydration regimen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Shock ; Encephalopathy ; Diffuse intravascular coagulation ; Renal failure ; Hepatic failure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present the case of a 4.5-week-old boy with acute encephalopathy, shock, intestinal bleeding and disseminated intravascular coagulation. The clinical course and typical laboratory parameters were compatible with a diagnosis of haemorrhagic shock-encephalopathy syndrome (HSE). Immediate shock treatment, repeated haemodialysis and plasmapheresis did not prevent a fatal outcome 4 days after the onset of clinical symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Mechanical ventilation ; Preterm infant ; Extra-alveolar air leakage ; Randomised trial
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two different ventilation techniques were compared in a seven-centre, randomised trial with 181 preterm infants up to and including 32 completed weeks gestational age, who needed mechanical ventilation because of lung disease of any type. Technique A used a constant rate (60 cycles/min), inspiratory time (IT) (0.33s) and inspiratory: expiratory ratio (I∶E) (1∶2). The tidal and minute volume was only changed by varying peak inspiratory pressure until weaning via continuous positive airway pressure. Technique B used a lower rate (30 cycles/min) with longer IT (1.0s). The I∶E ratio could be changed from 1∶1 to 2∶1 in case of hypoxaemia. Chest X-rays taken at fixed intervals were evaluated by a paediatric radiologist and a neonatologist unaware of the type of ventilation used in the patients. A reduction of at least 20% in extra-alveolar air leakage (EAL) or death prior to EAl was supposed in infants ventilated by method A. A sequential design was used to test this hypothesis. The null hypothesis was rejected (P=0.05) when the 22nd untied pair was completed. The largest reduction in EAL (−55%) was observed in the subgroup 31–32 weeks of gestation and none in the most immature group (〈28 weeks). We conclude that in preterm infants requiring mechanical ventilation for any reason of lung insufficiency, ventilation at 60 cycles/min and short IT (0.33s) significantly reduces EAL or prior death compared with 30 cycles/min and a longer IT of 1s. We speculate that a further increase in rate and reduction of IT would also lower the risk of barotrauma in the most immature and susceptible infants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 157 (1998), S. 661-662 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Fluconazole ; Pharmacokinetics ; Premature infant ; Candida albicans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Systemic infections with Candida albicans in neonates are a frequent and well recognized problem. The therapeutic gold standard in this situation is the combined intravenous antimycotic treatment with amphotericin B and flucytosine. Potential adverse effects of this regimen have encouraged the search for desirable alternatives. We report on the use of oral fluconazole in neonates with Candida albicans septicaemia. Three premature infants were treated with four courses of therapy. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed during each course. At oral doses of 4.5–6 mg/kg once a day, serum levels of fluconazole were within the therapeutic range during the entire dosage interval. Follow up showed microbiological and clinical cure in all patients with no side-effects. In one patient a dosage of 4 mg/kg per day lead to a microbiological relapse with sub-therapeutic serum levels. Conclusions Oral fluconazole seems to be a safe and effective treatment for Candida albicans septicaemia even in premature infants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Acute lung injury ; High frequency scillatory ventilation ; Histopathological lung injury score ; Partial liquid ventilation ; Perfluorocarbons ; Surfactant therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effects of 24 h partial liquid ventilation (PLV) with and without surfactant (S) treatment on gas exchange and lung injury in a newborn animal model of S deficiency.¶Design: A prospective, controlled, in vivo animal laboratory study.¶Setting: Research laboratory in a university setting.¶Subjects: Twenty-four pathogen-free, male piglets (mean weight 1.9 kg, age 1–3 days).¶Interventions: The animals were randomised in four groups: PLV with FC-77 combined with conventional ventilation (PLV/CV) versus S + PLV/CV and PLV combined with high frequency oscillatory ventilation (PLV/HFOV) versus S + PLV/HFOV. The piglets were anaesthetised, intubated and instrumented with vascular catheters. Thirty minutes after lung injury had been induced with repeated saline lavage, S animals received natural S. Thirty minutes after surfactant substitution PLV with FC-77 was started. The oxygenation index (OI), PaO2/FIO2 ratio, PaCO2 and the ventilatory efficacy index were determined before and during PLV. After 24 h the lungs were removed for histopathological examination.¶Measurements and main results: Within 60 min after the initiation of PLV, all animals demonstrated improvements of the OI and PaO2/FIO2 ratio compared to the values after lung injury. However, at 18 and 24 h of PLV, the OI and PaO2/FIO2 ratio were significantly worse in the S + PLV/CV and S + PLV/HFOV groups compared to the groups without S. PaCO2 was higher at 18 and 24 h when S was used in PLV/HFOV (p 〈 0.05). A semi-quantitative lung injury score revealed most severe lung damage in the S + PLV/HFOV group.¶Conclusion: The combination of S and PLV with FC-77 led to an impaired gas exchange and did not further protect the animal from lung injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 158 (1999), S. 416-420 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Factor V deficiency ; Infant ; Thrombosis ; Vena cava inferior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The clinical outcome after inferior vena cava thrombosis in early infancy is unknown. We report the clinical long-term follow-up of 12 patients presenting inferior vena cava thrombosis within their first months of life (gestational age: 24–41 weeks; follow-up: 7±3 years). Accompanying renal venous thrombosis occurred in 9, and adrenal bleeding in 4 patients. A central venous catheter was related to the thrombosis in only four patients. Heterozygous factor V Leiden mutation was found in two of the eight infants without central venous catheter. Thrombolysis was performed in seven and effective in three infants; one infant required surgical thrombectomy. In three of eight infants with ineffective or with no therapy, spontaneous recanalization occurred during follow-up. No patient died of the thrombosis. Although no long-term anticoagulatory prophylaxis was performed, none of the children with persisting occlusion (n=5) or stenosis (n=1) of the inferior vena cava developed symptomatic thrombo-embolic complications. However, extensive internal collaterals (n=6), visible varicosis (n=5), pain in the legs (n=3) and persisting renal disease (n=3) with arterial hypertension (n=2) were observed during follow-up. Conclusion Inferior vena cava thrombosis of early infancy frequently persists and may cause considerable long-term morbidity. New strategies for early and long-term therapy are necessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Very low birth weight infants ; Chronic lung disease ; Dexamethasone ; Pulmonary follow up
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this controlled, prospective pilot study was to compare the short-and long-term efficacy of early versus late treatment with dexamethasone (Dex) in preterm infants at risk for chronic lung disease (CLD). Thirty ventilated premature infants with a birth weight ≤ 1250 g were randomized to receive Dex either from day 7 or from day 14. Dex was administered over 16 days tapering from 0.5 mg/kg per day to 0.1 mg/kg per day. The infants of the early treatment group could be weaned significantly earlier from the ventilator – after 14 days (median; range 9–24) versus 24 days (median; range 8–44) in the late treatment group. The need for supplemental oxygen was shorter if Dex was started early – 24 days (median; range 10–57) versus 40 days (median; range 10–74). Oxygen dependency at 28 days of age was similar between the groups – 6 out of 14 infants (42.9%) versus 10 out of 16 patients (62.5%). The long-term efficacy of the two Dex regimens on lung function was evaluated by body plethysmographic measurements made at the age of 3 months. Thoracic gas volume and airway resistance were measured and specific airway conductance calculated. No statistically significant differences between the groups were demonstrated. Conclusion Early dexamethasone treatment led to earlier extubation in our study population, but was not associated with significant advantages regarding oxygen dependency at 28 days of life and pulmonary function test at 3 months of age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract As part of a multicenter surfactant rescue study, the chest X-rays of 239 preterm and term infants were analyzed. To study the influence of surfactant administration on radiographic appearance, 130 patients with a clinical and radiological diagnosis of typical respiratory distress syndrome were selected, in whom adequate chest x-rays before and within 48 h after treatment were available. Median gestational age was 30 weeks (range 25–38 weeks), median birth weight was 1335 g (range 625–3450). The time of surfactant application ranged between 90 min and 24 h after birth (median 6 h). The most common finding after surfactant administration was uniform (n=47) or disproportionate (n=46) improvement of pulmonary aeration, which showed a significant correlation to posttreatment reduction of oxygen requirement (p〈0.001). Asymmetric clearance was more often localized on the right side and usually disappeared within two to five days. Only in 13 patients no change of ventilation was found. Development of interstitial emphysema (n=24, including three patients with pneumothorax) after surfactant treatment was an unfavourable prognostic sign. 54% of these patients (13 of 24) died within the first month of life, compared to 8% (7 of 93) in the group of patients with initial improvement of ventilation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Neugeborene ; Herzoperation ; Intensivmedizinische Probleme ; Key words Neonates ; Heart surgery ; Intensive care problems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Recent advances in diagnostic and surgical techniques as well as perioperative management have made it possible to repair congenital cardiac malformations at an early age. Progress in neonatology in general is also significant. Due to anatomical and physiological reasons heart surgery in neonates is still, however, not without serious problems. It is possible that cardiopulmonary adaptation is incomplete, and the number of contractile myocytes has yet to increase. Due to reduced compliance of the neonatal ventricle, the responsiveness to preload and afterload augmentation is also reduced. Pressure overload in neonatal hearts generally induces hyperplasia of myocytes and coronary angiogenesis, whereas in the heart of elder children and adults pressure overload only induces hypertrophy of myocytes without coronary angiogenesis. Therefore repair during the early hyperplastic phase should eliminate damage to the heart and other important organs. Own experiences with heart surgery in neonates for over 10 years are evaluated. Frequent surgical procedures with cardiopulmonary bypass include: arterial switch operation, repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, commissurotomia in critical aortic and pulmonary stenosis as well as the correction of coarctation of the aorta and systemic to pulmonary artery shunt without cardiopulmonary bypass. The overall letality was 5,9%. The increasing numbers of arterial switch operations have led to a drop in letality, respirator days, intensive care and hospital stay. Recurrent problems in intensive care included: persistent heart insufficiency (11%), cardiac arrhythmia (12%), pulmonary dys- and atelectasis (19%), infectious (16%) and cerebral problems (7%).
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Kinder mit angeborenen Herzfehlern werden zunehmend bereits in der Neugeborenenperiode korrigierend operiert. Ursachen dafür sind u.a. diffizilere, nichtinvasive Diagnostikmethoden, ein durch gezielte Behandlung besserer präoperativer Status sowie verbesserte anästhesiologische und chirurgische Techniken. Auch die Einbindung von Neonatologen in die Behandlung dürfte von Bedeutung sein. Aus anatomischen und physiologischen Gründen sind Herzoperationen bei Neugeborenen nicht unproblematisch. Die kardiopulmonale Adaptation ist möglicherweise noch nicht abgeschlossen und die Anzahl der kontraktilen Myozyten des Herzens noch gering. Aufgrund der geringen Compliance des Neugeborenenherzens ist die Reaktionsfähigkeit auf Vorlast- und Nachlasterhöhung verringert. Andererseits reagiert das Herz des Neugeborenen und jungen Säuglings auf eine Druckbelastung im Gegensatz zum Kind und Erwachsenen eher mit einer Hyperplasie als mit einer Hypertrophie. Zudem wird die Koronarangiogenese gesteigert. Zur Verhinderung von Schäden am Herzen und an anderen Organen ist eine Operation in dieser frühen hyperplastischen Phase wünschenswert. Eigene Erfahrungen mit Herzoperationen in der Neugeborenenperiode über einen Zeitraum von 10 Jahren werden ausgewertet. Häufige Operationen waren: Switch-Operation bei Transposition der großen Gefäße, Korrektur bei totaler Lungenvenenfehleinmündung, Kommissurotomie bei kritischen Stenosen der Semilunarklappen als Herz-Lungen-Maschinen-Operationen sowie die Korrektur kritischer Aortenisthmusstenosen und die Anlage aortopulmonaler Shunts bei zyanotischen Herzfehlern mit verminderter Lungenperfusion als Operationsverfahren ohne Zuhilfenahme der Herz-Lungen-Maschine. Die Gesamtletalität betrug 5,9%. Am Beispiel der Switch-Operation läßt sich zeigen, daß mit zunehmender Zahl der Operierten die Letalität, die Dauer der Beatmung, der Intensivbehandlung und des Hospitalaufenthalts sinken. Häufige postoperative Probleme waren persistierende Herzinsuffizienz (11%), interventionsbedürftige Herzrhythmusstörungen (12%), Dys- und Atelektasen (19%), infektiöse (16%), und zerebrale Probleme (7%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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