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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Creatinine deiminase (EC 3.5.4.21) from bacterium BN11: purification, properties and applicability in a serum/urine creatinine assay
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Clinica Chimica Acta 204 (1991), S. 223-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-8981
    Keywords: Bacterium BN11 ; Creatinine deiminase ; Serum ; Urine
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0009-8981(91)90234-4
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogenetic basis for a taxonomic dissection of the genus Clostridium (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 24 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The 16S rDNA-based phylogenetic analysis of the genus Clostridium has been completed by determination of the phylogenetic position of the type strains of 15 species and two non-validated species. These strains are members of phylogenetic clusters I, III, IV, V, IX, XIVa and XVIII as defined previously by Collins et al. [Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44 (1994) 812–826]. Members of the genus Clostridium span a large evolutionary distance and the genus is not a phylogenetically coherent taxon but is intermixed with members of different genera, exhibiting a combination of Clostridium- and non-Clostridium-type properties. Anaerobacter polyendosporus, Syntrophococcus sucromutans and Acetivibrio multivorans also cluster within the radiation of Clostridium species. Although several taxa have been described for former Clostridium species with distinct phenotypic properties, the majority of Clostridium species, which are not members of the core cluster I, can at present not be reclassified as long as taxon-specific, phenotypic properties are not available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.1999.tb01291.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Towards a phylogeny of the clostridia based on 16S rRNA sequences (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 113 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The 16S rRNA sequences of 17 species of the genus Clostridium were determined by direct sequencing of their PCR amplified genes. The sequences were aligned with those from other known clostridial species and representative low G + C Gram-positive relatives, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. It was evident from the comparative sequence analysis that the genus Clostridium as presently constituted is phylogenetically extremely heterogeneous. This study corroborates and extends earlier findings in showing that many non-sporeforming bacteria are phylogenetically closely intermixed with Clostridium species. The taxonomic implications of the phylogenetic findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06493.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of novel pullulanases at high concentrations by two newly isolated thermophilic clostridia (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 69 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two thermophilic bacteria, which are capable of growing on starch at 60–70°C under anaerobic conditions, were isolated from a sugar refinery in Uelzen and from Solar lake in Israel. On the basis of their physiological characteristics they were identified as Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum Uel 1 and C. thermohydrosulfuricum Sol 1, respectively. The product pattern of glucose polymer hydrolysis showed that both strains secreted enzymes' that possess amylolytic and pullulytic activities. The major product formed was maltose. In addition, α-glucosidase activity could be detected in the supernatants of Uel 1 strain. Compared to most anaerobes investigated these isolates secreted extremely high concentrations of pullulanases in batch culture. Up to 85% of the total enzyme synthesized was detected in the culture fluid. Unlike the pullulanases of tyoe I, which can only attack the α-1,6-glycosidic linkages, the pullulanases of both clostridial strains were also capable of hydrolyzing α-1,4-linkages. The enzyme system of both bacteria was found to be highly thermoactive; optimal activity was detected at pH 5.0 and 85°C. Even at 95°C and without the addition of metal ions still 15% to 25% of enzymatic activity was detectable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1990.tb04191.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Behandlung der Meningitis mit Röntgenstrahlen (1934)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 13 (1934), S. 1022-1024 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01779859
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beiträge zur Röntgentherapie des Sympathicus (1936)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 15 (1936), S. 1596-1597 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01780824
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die Behandlung der Meningitis Epidemica mit Röntgenstrahlen (1936)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 15 (1936), S. 304-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01778551
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Lymphangitis Carcinomatosa der Lungen (1938)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 17 (1938), S. 917-919 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01779956
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrolyse von PHBS durch intracelluläre Depolymerase von Hydrogenomonas H16 (1967)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 56 (1967), S. 278-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In ultrasonic extracts of chemolithotrophically grown cells of Hydrogenomonas H 16 a depolymerase was found which hydrolysed native 14C-PHBA granules obtained from the same organism. The extracts contained only small activities of soluble depolymerase independent of the harvesting time of cells. The only end product of the enzymatic hydrolysis was β-hydroxybutyric acid. Native PHBA granules from strain H 16 showed, if suspended in buffer, only a very slow auto-degradation. Repeated washings, heating, treatment with high concentrations of trypsin or urea or with Na-hypochlorite solution decreased both the auto-degradation and the depolymerisation by cell free extracts to a considerable extent. Trypsin in very small amounts increased manifold the rate of depolymerisation with raw extracts. The depolymerising enzyme which was enriched tenfold by ammonium sulfate fractionation hydrolysed native PHBA granules only after activation of the granules with trypsin. An “activator” assumed to be present because of the effect of trypsin could not be found during enzyme fractionation.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Unter Verwendung von nativen 14C-PHBS-Granula aus Hydrogenomonas H 16 wurde in Ultraschallextrakten chemolithotroph angezogener Zellen des gleichen Organismus das depolymerisierende Enzym nachgewiesen. Unabhängig vom Zeitpunkt der Zellernte konnten in den Extrakten stets nur geringe Aktivitäten einer löslichen Depolymerase gefunden werden. Als einziges Produkt der enzymatischen Hydrolyse wurde freie β-Hydroxybuttersäure nachgewiesen. Native PHBS-Granula aus Stamm H 16 zeigten—in Puffer suspendiert—eine nur langsame Eigenhydrolyse. Wiederholtes Waschen, Erhitzen, Behandeln mit hohen Konzentrationen an Trypsin oder Harnstoff oder mit Na-Hypochlorit-Lösung beeinträchtigte sowohl den Selbstabbau als auch die Depolymerisierung durch zellfreie Extrakte erheblich. Trypsin in Gammamengen erhöhte die Depolymerisierungsrate mit Rohextrakt auf ein Mehrfaches. Das durch Ammoniumsulfat-Fällung aufs Zehnfache angereicherte depolymerisierende Enzym hydrolysierte native PHBS-Granula nur nach vorheriger Aktivierung der Granula mit Trypsin. Ein auf Grund der Trypsinwirkung vermutbarer, im Extrakt enthaltener „Aktivator” ließ sich bei der Enzymfraktionierung nicht fassen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408417
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of the ability for citrate utilization amongst Clostridia (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 138 (1984), S. 179-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Citrate utilization ; Fermentation products ; Citrate lyase activity ; Clostridium sporosphaeroides ; C. symbiosum ; C. rectum ; C. indolis ; C. subterminale ; C. sporogenes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 44 species of the genus Clostridium were examined with regard to their ability to grow on citrate. In addition to Clostridium sphenoides, a known citrate utilizer, the following species were found to utilize citrate: C. sporosphaeroides, C. symbiosum, C. rectum, C. indolis, C. subterminale and C. sporogenes. The major products formed from citrate were acetate, ethanol and carbon dioxide (not measured). Minor products were butyrate, butanol, acetone and acetoin. The enzyme citrate lyase was detectable in cell extracts of C. sporosphaeroides and C. symbiosum using an optical assay. Evidence for the presence of this enzyme in the other species was obtained in immunological experiments and in experiments with [1,5-14C]citrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402115
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