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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 20 (1988), S. 737-751 
    ISSN: 0022-2828
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; Cardiac hypertrophy ; Electron microscopy ; Endurance training ; Myocardial capillarization ; Regression of cardiac hypertrophy
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 127-131 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Saphenous vein ; Histology ; Coronary bypass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of pre-existing phlebosclerosis on the patency rate of aorto-coronary bypasses is uncertain. To examine this influence, extensive quantitative histological investigations of the intimal thickness of the left saphenous vein were made in 30 cases. In almost all veins the intima was thickened by collagen and elastic fibres as well as by fusiform cells which were assumed to be smooth muscle cells. The innermost layers also contained increased collagen adding to the intimal thickening. Three different methods to measure the intimal thickness were tested morphometrically: planimetric, a four-point method and a so-called method of estimate. The latter is the most time-saving and effective method. The average intimal thickness showed considerable deviations, but the intimal thickness in individual veins did not deviate greatly. As a rule, a specimen with an intimal thickness of less than 100 μm belonged to a vein with mild or moderate intimal thickening, but specimens with an average intimal thickness of 100–250 μm usually derived from a vein with moderate or pronounced intimal fibrosis. However, extreme values allowed a more precise statement to be made. A specimen with a non-sclerotic intima suggested at best a mild intimal fibrosis of the vein in the lower limb, whereas a specimen with marked intimal thickening derived from a vein with severe phlebosclerosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 406 (1985), S. 279-284 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Colon carcinoma ; Liver metastases ; Portal blood flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 54 livers of patients with colonic cancer were investigated in a postmortem study. 26 livers contained metastases from colon carcinoma. Assessment of the number, size and location of metastases was made. The possible interdependence of the site of the colonic primary and the location of its secondaries in the liver was examined. Results suggest an approximately homogenous distribution of metastases from colonic cancer in the hepatic parenchyma, irrespective of the location of the primary tumour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 345 (1968), S. 45-60 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An 100 lamellierten menschlichen Herzen wurden makroskopisch und mikroskopisch die Infarktmuster untersucht. Zum Tode führende Infarkte hatten meist ein kompaktes, größeres Zentrum, überlebte waren in der Regel kleiner und meist netzartig oder fleckförmig. Obturierende Coronarthrombosen bestanden bei 80% der kompakten, tödlichen Infarkte. Die seltenen, ohne morphologisch faßbare Vorboten eingetretenen tödlichen Infarkte waren gewöhnlich groß und die Sklerose in den Kranzarterien außerhalb des Infarktgebietes relativ gering. Ähnliche Befunde ergaben sich bei den Herzen mit Ventrikelruptur. Jede zweite große kompakte Nekrose war von älteren, kleinen Satellitenherden in der Nachbarschaft umgeben, die als Folge einer dem Infarkt vorauseilenden Versorgungsinsuffizienz in der Peripherie gedeutet werden. Umfangreiche Narben inmitten großer kompakter Nekrosen wurden stets vermißt. Multilokuläre Herde bestanden bei mehr als der Hälfte aller großen kompakten Nekrosen, bei den Rupturherzen seltener. Der zum Tode führende Reinfarkt lag meist in einem anderen Versorgungsgebiet als der Erstherd, der oft einen schubweisen Ablauf erkennen ließ. Den relativ seltenen, nicht kompakten tödlichen Infarkten lagen schubweise abgelaufene fleckförmige oder netzartige Prozesse zugrunde. Eine obturierende Thrombose fehlte meist. Beim Herztod ohne große kompakte Nekrosen fand sich beim Vorliegen netzartiger oder fleckförmiger Narben gewöhnlich eine schwere allgemeine Coronarsklerose. Fast immer gingen dem Tode kleine, meist fleckförmige Ausfälle im Myokard um Tage oder Wochen voraus. In dieser Gruppe wurden multilokuläre Herde beim Vorkommen netzartiger Narben immer, bei fleckförmigen Herden meist und bei großen kompakten Narben nur selten beobachtet.
    Notes: Summary One hundred laminated human hearts were studied macroscopically and microscopically for anatomic patterns of myocardial infarction. Fatal infarctions generally showed a larger, compact center; survivors usually demonstrated reticular or spotty infarcts. Occlusive coronary thrombosis was present in 80% of compact, fatal infarcts. Rare, fatal infarcts without anatomically demonstrable precursors were for the most part large, and sclerosis of coronary arteries other than of the vessel feeding the infarct was relatively slight. Similar findings were obtained in hearts with rupture of the ventricle. Every other large, compact region of necrosis was surrounded by older, smaller satellite lesions which were interpreted as residues of peripheral coronary insufficiency that had developed prior to infarction. Sizeable scars within large, compact areas of necrosis were not observed. Multilocular lesions were present in more than 50% of all compact necroses, although they occurred less frequently in ruptured hearts. Fatal re-infarction mostly resulted from occlusion of an artery other than those supplying the area of the primary lesion which frequently had been the result of recurrent attacks. Non-compact, fatal infarcts were rare. They consisted of recurrent spotty or reticular lesions. In most cases coronary occlusion was absent. In coronary death without large, compact necrosis reticular or spotty lesions wereusually, found in the presence of severe, generalized coronary sclerosis. In almost all cases small generally spotty lesions preceded the fatal event by days or weeks. In this group multilocular lesions were always observed with reticular scars, mostly with spotty lesions, and only uncommonly with large, compact scars.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 389 (1980), S. 189-204 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Vocal cords ; Polyp ; Capillaries
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 100 Patienten wurden Polypen von den Stimmlippen entfernt und lichtmikroskopisch untersucht. Bei weiteren 10 Patienten erfolgte eine elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung des Gewebes. Lichtmikroskopisch lassen sich oedematös-„schleimige“ Gallertpolypen von sog. teleangiektatischen Polypen abgrenzen. Elektronenmikroskopisch unterscheiden sich die Blutgefäße in den Gallertpolypen nicht von denen normaler Stimmlippenschleimhaut. Ihre Endothelzellen sind reich an Filamenten und Weibel-Palade-Körperchen. Die Basalmembranen sind lamelliert. Teleangiektatische Polypen sind durch zahlreiche labyrinthartig kommunizierende Blutgefäße innerhalb von eosinophilen Massen gekennzeichnet. Die eosinophilen Abscheidungen konnten als Fibrin identifiziert werden. In den typischen labyrinthartigen Blutgefäßen sind im Gegensatz zu den Capillaren der Gallertpolypen häufig Lücken zwischen benachbarten Endothelzellen nachweisbar, durch die ein Austritt von Blutbestandteilen ermöglicht wird. Zwischen Endothelzellen und Fibrinextravasaten liegt ein breites Band von Lamellen aus basalmembranartigem Material. In der Pathogenese von Gallertpolypen und teleangiektatischen Polypen scheint eine erhöhte Durchlässigkeit der kleinen Blutgefäße im Vordergrund zu stehen. Es wird vermutet, daß die Art des Extravasates (Oedem oder Fibrin) von der Permeabilitätssteigerung der Gefäßwand abhängig ist. Die labyrinthartig kommunizierenden Blutgefäße werden als reparativer Prozeß nach erfolgter Exsudation aufgefaßt.
    Notes: Summary Polyps of the vocal cords from 100 patients were examined by light microscopy and 10 additional polyps by electron microscopy. Gallerty polyps with an edematous stroma can be differentiated from teleangiectatic polyps. The fine structure of small blood vessels in gallerty polyps is identical to that of similar vessels in the mucosa of normal vocal cords. The endothelial cells contain a large number of tenuous filaments and Weibel-Palade bodies. The basement membrane is lamellated. Teleangiectatic polyps, on the other hand, are characterized by the presence of numerous labyrinthine communicating blood vessels surrounded by an eosinophilic material, which can be identified as fibrin. In contrast with the capillaries of gallerty polyps, there are gaps between the endothelial cells of the labyrinthine communicating blood vessels which allow the passage of erythrocytes, fibrin and other blood components. Between the endothelial cells and the fibrin deposits there is a wide band of lamellated basement membrane-like material. In the pathogenesis of both types of polyp an increased permeability of the blood vessels may be of importance. It is possible that the extent of this alteration in blood vessel permeability may influence the composition of the extravasate (edema fluid or fibrin). The labyrinthine blood channels in the teleangiectatic polyps are interpreted as a reactive process following exudation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 394 (1981), S. 89-96 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Carcinoma metastases ; Liver neoplasms ; Distribution of metastases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Seventy-five livers with metastases were cut sagitally into 1 cm thick slices. A total number of 11,581 metastases sections was exactly mapped. There was an average of 154 metastases sections per liver. The average diameter of the metastases was 1 cm. 40% of the metastases reached to the hepatic surface, and 60% were invisible due to their deposition in the internal parenchyma. In 8% of the livers there were only superficial metastases (average 3.2 metastases), and in 12% were only deep metastases detected (average 2.6). The total number of superficial metastases increased with increasing diameter of the secondary tumors. An approximately homogeneous distribution of hepatic metastases within the liver parenchyma has been demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Coronary arteries ; Coronary sclerosis ; Size of coronary arteries ; Growth of coronary arteries
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 300 human hearts of all age groups (pre-natal to senescence) postmortem angiographs were performed under a pressure of 100 mmHg. The largest diameters of the three coronary arteries (i.e. the right coronary artery, the left descending and the left circumflex branch) were determined. In our material we did not find ectatic coronary arteries in old age in the absence of atherosclerosis. We suggest that as a rule the larger diameters of the dissected coronary arteries in older hearts may be a postmortem phenomenon, due to the decreased elasticity of the vascular walls, which manifests itself as a progressive loss of retraction. In female hearts the cross-sectional areas of the coronary arteries were a little smaller than in male hearts of same age groups (statistically not significant). In postmortem hearts of normal weights the diameters of the coronary arteries exceeded intravital measurements of other authors by nearly 15%, but there is good correlation between our postmortem findings and intravital measurements after application of nitroglycerin. It seems that the postmortem diameters of coronary arteries after filling under physiological pressure correspond with the maximal intravital diameters. In our material we found that even in hearts beyond the critical weight coronary arteries are able to grow. Because of the limited number of hearts with an excessive weight and healthy coronary arteries we cannot decide whether under pathological conditions the growth of the coronary arteries corresponds harmonically with the growth of the myocardium. There were large variations in coronary artery diameters during the physiological and pathological growth of the heart. If only the sum of the right coronary artery and the common stem of the left main coronary artery were considered the variations were smaller. On the average the largest diameters of coronary arteries with atherosclerosis were smaller than the diameters of healthy coronary arteries. We found a good correlation between the thickening of the intima of sclerotic vessels and the decrease in their diameters. Therefore we cannot support the view that coronary arteries of hearts with infarctions are smaller before the onset of atherosclerotic lesions. Furthermore we compared the cross-sectional areas of the coronary arteries with their supplying areas. We found the best correlation for the right coronary artery. During late fetal development and childhood there was a nearly linear correlation between the increase in the sum of cross-sectional areas of the three coronary arteries and the weight of the heart. During later physiological and pathological growth of the hearts there was a progressively slower increase of the cross-sectional areas. These differences were not present when the diameter of the healthy coronary arteries was compared with the “diameter of the ventricular muscle mass” (calculated as the cube root of the weight of the ventricular part = WVP). The closest correlation of all was found between these two linear parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 138 (1982), S. 211-215 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Endomyocardial biopsy ; Myocardial diseases in infancy and childhood
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract By modification of a miniaturized technique for transcatheter endomyocardial biopsy, it was possible to insert a bioptome through a 6 French catheter in 15 infants and children aged 40 days to 17 years and weighing 3.5 to 55kg. Eight right and 7 left ventricular biopsies were performed, and the specimens were examined by light and electron microscopy. In one child we failed to obtain a specimen. There were no complications. Diagnoses to be either proved or excluded were hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy, endocardial fibroelastosis, glycogen and lipid storage disease, tumours and myocarditis. Morphological examination was diagnostic in 2 cases, helpful in 10 cases and of no help in 2 cases. By this technique it is possible to prove endomyocardial diseases with a high degree of reliability in infants and children without increasing risk or stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 59 (1981), S. 915-927 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Cell motility ; Movements, ciliary, ameboid ; Muscle contraction ; Actin ; Myosin ; Zellmotilität ; Cilien- und amöboide Bewegung ; Muskelkontraktion ; Aktin ; Myosin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die verschiedenen Arten der Zellbewegung werden in dieser Arbeit unter dem speziellen Blickpunkt der Entwicklung und der Ultrastruktur besprochen. Die Vielzahl der Bewegungsmechanismen tierischer Zellen läßt sich auf 3 Grundformen reduzieren: ciliare und amöboide Bewegungen und Muskelkontraktionen. Die Ultrastruktur aller Cilien, vom Einzeller bis zu hochspezialisierten Zellen im menschlichen Organismus z.B. dem respiratorischen Epithel, ist sehr ähnlich. In der Regel wird die Bewegung der Cilien verursacht durch minimale gleitende Verschiebungen der neun Doppeltubuli, die aus Tubulin bestehen, einem Protein, das sich vom Myosin und Aktin unterscheidet. Amöboide Bewegungen und Muskelkontraktion beruhen auf dem Gleit-Filamentmechanismus von Aktin und Myosin. Obwohl sich die Prinzipien dieses Mechanismus während der Evolution nicht geändert haben, stellten sich einige Unterschiede in der Struktur und in der Anordnung von Aktin- und Myosinfilamenten ein. Offenbar hat sich der hohe Ordnungsgrad der Myofibrillen in Herz und Skelettmuskulatur von Vertebraten aus der lockeren und zu rascher Wandlung fähigen Anordnung der kontraktilen Filamente in amöboiden Zellen entwickelt. Während der Evolution haben sich nur relativ geringe Änderungen in der Aminosäuresequenz im Aktin und Myosinmolekül des intrazellulären kontraktilen Systems ergeben. Abschließend werden einige Besonderheiten des Myocards mit seiner speziellen Anordnung der Muskelzellen und einigen Störungen im Verband der kontraktilen Filamente unter pathologischen Bedingungen diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Different kinds of cell motility are reviewed in this paper with special regard to development and ultrastructure. The variety of animal cell motility types can be reduced to three principles: ciliary and ameboid movements and muscle contraction. The ultrastructure of all kinds of cilia is very similar from single cell organisms to highly specialized cells of the human body, e.g., ciliary respiratory epithelium. As a rule, ciliary movement is caused by minimal sliding of the nine double tubules consisting of tubulin, a protein differing from myosin and actin. Ameboid movement and muscle cell contraction are based on the sliding filament mechanism of actin and myosin. Although the principles of this mechanism have not changed during evolution some differences in the structure and arrangement of actin and myosin filaments occurred. Obviously, the high degree of order of the myofibrils of vertebrate heart and skeletal muscle cells has developed from the loose and rapid changing arrangement of contractile filaments in ameboid cells. There are some changes of residues in the actin and myosin molecules during the development of the intracellular contractile system. Finally, some peculiarities of the myocardium, its special arrangement of muscle cells and some disturbances of the contractile filaments under pathologic conditions are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In rats microinfarcts in the myocardium were produced by injection of grains of starch. One group of animals were treated with heparin, the other group with streptokinase. 14–16 hours after the infarction set in the necrotic regions were measured in microscopic preparations. The size of the necroses was not significantly different in treated and untreated animals. Under these experimental conditions no evidence was given, that the formation of thrombes in the periphery of ischaemic necrosis is of any significance for the final size of infarcts.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei Ratten wurden Mikroinfarkte im Myokard durch Injektion von Stärkekörnchen erzeugt. Eine Gruppe der Tiere wurde mit Heparin, eine andere mit Streptokinase behandelt. 14–16 Std nach Infarktbeginn wurden an mikroskopischen Präparaten die Nekroseherde ausgemessen. Ihre Größe wies bei behandelten und unbehandelten Tieren keine signifikante Differenz auf. Unter unseren Versuchsbedingungen ergab sich kein Anhalt dafür, daß Thrombenbildungen in der Randzone ischämischer Nekrosen von Bedeutung für die endgültige Größe von Infarkten sind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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