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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthetic glucocorticoids potentiate IgE synthesis (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 49 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Recently, hydrocortisone (HC) has been shown significantly to enhance interleukin-4 (IL-4)-induced in vitro IgE synthesis. For investigation of possible effects of synthetic corticosteroids but also of effects of other important human hormones, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were incubated with IL-4 and various concentrations of the hormones. IgE secreted in the supernatant was determined after a 14-d culture period. Like HC, all synthetic corticosteroids potentiated IgE secretion. A minor effect was noted for the mineralocorticoid aldosterone. No modulating effect on IL-4-induced IgE formation was observed for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), somatotropin (STH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine, thyroxine, epinephrine, noradrenaline, insulin, and glue agon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1994.tb02283.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional and Phenotypical Characterization of Activated T Cells from Intra-articular Sites in Inflammatory Joint Diseases (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 26 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The presence of activated T lymphocytes bearing interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptors and HLA class II (la) antigens accompanied by impaired T cell functions such as a decreased mitogenic responsiveness are characteristic findings, especially in intra-articular sites in chronic inflammatory joint diseases. The objective of the present study was to further characterize these in vivo activated T cells by the investigation of IL-2 production and a possible T cell receptor modulation. IL-2 receptors were found to tic expressed primarily in ihe CD4+ subset. The Ia+ subset expressing both DR and DQ antigens showed a weaker miiogen-induced response as compared to the la+ fraction. A decreased mitogen-induced IL-2 production and a lower response to anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies was observed with synovial T lymphocytes as compared to peripheral blood T cells. The density of the CD3 molecule, known to be closely associated with the T cell receptor, was significantly lower in intra-articular sites, while other T cell-specific surface molecules were expressed to a similar extent in both compartments. The decreased synovial T cell mitogenesis was not restored by the addition of lymphokines (IL-1 and IL-2) or blood monocytes, nor by removing CD8+ T cells. These data present further evidence for a significant T cell activation in intra-articular sites in chronic inflammatory joint diseases. The decreased expression of the CD3 glycoprotein suggests a modulation by so far unidentified antigen(s), which could also be responsible for the weak T cell response elicited by polyclonal mitogens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb02312.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microparticles Shed from Different Antigen-Presenting Cells Display an Individual Pattern of Surface Molecules and a Distinct Potential of Allogeneic T-Cell Activation (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 61 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Various cells such as platelets, lymphocytes, endothelial cells, red blood cells and monocytes do release surface-derived microparticles (mps). We analysed mp isolated from supernatants of cultured antigen-presenting human cells (APCs) and human cell lines. Particle sizing by dynamic light scattering revealed a characteristic size of the particles ranging from 80 nm to 300 nm in viable cells and from 400 nm to 1200 nm in irradiated cells. Employing flow-cytometry, we observed partly an altered surface protein composition of the mp compared to their cellular source. Mp originating from dendritic cells (DCs) differed in their surface composition from those released from monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. In functional assays, these mp stimulated alloreactive T-cells. The treatment of the cells with either UV-B or lipopolysaccharide strongly influenced the quantity, the immunostimulatory features and the surface composition of the mp. Mp from apoptotic macrophages were able to reduce the stimulatory capacity of vital macrophages but not of DC. Apoptotic mps from DC, on the other hand, were always stimulatory. This is the first report regarding the study of mp released from DC and compared with those released from other APC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.2005.01551.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apoptosis of the Teratocarcinoma Cell Line Tera-1 Leads to the Cleavage of HERV-K10gag Proteins by Caspases and/or Granzyme B (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 56 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Redistribution, post-translational modifications and coclustering with viral antigens contribute to the immunogenicity of apoptotic cell-derived autoantigens. Almost all known targets of the humoral autoimmune response in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are cleaved by caspases or granzyme B during apoptosis. Antibodies against retroviral proteins can frequently be detected in the sera of SLE patients without overt retroviral infections. These antibodies may represent cross-reactive antibodies or may have been induced by proteins encoded by endogenous retroviral sequences. We used Tera-1 cells that abundantly express a group-specific antigen of human endogenous retroviruses, HERV-K10gag polyprotein, to investigate its processing during apoptosis. Tera-1 cells induced to undergo apoptosis showed an altered HERV-K10gag processing compared with viable cells. In addition, granzyme B was able to cleave HERV-K10gag isolated from viable Tera-1 cells.Similar to nuclear autoantigens, endogenous retroviral proteins are cleaved during the execution phase of apoptosis. These post-translational modifications may result in the generation of T-cell neoepitopes or a changed epitope hierarchy of retroviral proteins. Therefore, immunogenicity of retroviral antigens in SLE patients may result from a similar mechanism as described for nuclear autoantigens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2002.01139.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential Role for IL-2 and IL-15 in the Inhibition of Apoptosis in Short Term Activated Human Lymphocytes (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 45 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Interleukin (IL)-15 is a newly described cytokine with properties similar to IL-2. Even though it does not share sequence homology with IL-2, both cytokines bind to the same receptor with the noted exception of a cytokine specific α-chain. In this study the authors compared IL-2 and IL-15 to determine their ability to rescue short term activated lymphocytes (phytohaemagglutinin stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells for 6 days, followed by expansion in medium containing IL-2 for 2 days) from apoptotic cell death. The authors found that both IL-2 and IL-15 can inhibit induction of apoptosis in this experimental model with similar time and dose kinetics. On mRNA or protein levels induction of pro- and anti-apoptotic gene products like fasL, bcl-2, or bax with minor effects on fas/Apo-1 or bcl-xL was observed under culture conditions with both IL-2 and IL-15. Next, it was found that phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) blasts were less responsive (in terms of cellular proliferation and prevention from apoptosis) to IL-2 if signals through the α-chain were blocked, with no effect on β-chain specific monoclonal antibodies (MoAb). By contrast, IL-15 was less effective in induction of cellular proliferation and prevention of apoptosis if IL-2R β-chain specific MoAb were added to cell cultures. Testing intracellular signalling induced by IL-2 or IL-15, the authors found identical changes in tyrosine phosphorylation patterns in PHA blasts cultured in medium or under IL-2 or IL-15 stimulation. By contrast, they found consistent differences if PHA stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were expanded in medium containing IL-15 (instead of IL-2). These IL-15 expanded PHA blasts showed a significantly increased percentage of apoptosis after growth factor withdrawal. Furthermore, IL-2 was more efficient than IL-15 in rescuing IL-15 expanded PHA blasts from apoptosis. In IL-15 expanded PHA blasts expression of IL-2R α-chain was lower than that in IL-2 expanded PHA blasts. A model presenting a differential role for IL-2 and IL-15 in inhibition of apoptosis in vivo is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.1997.d01-443.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunological and Functional Characteristics of Peripheral Blood and Synovial Fluid Lymphocytes from Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 7 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Spontaneous (SCMC) and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC); mitogenic responsiveness (PHA, Con A, PPD, dextran and pokeweed) as well as lymphocyte subpopulations (E-, EA-, EAC-rosettes, S-Ig) were studied simultaneously in peripheral blood (PBL) and synovial fluid lymphocytes (SFL) of fifteen patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Marked differences were observed in the cytotoxic activity of SFL and PBL. Whereas SCMC activity of SFL was always significantly elevated above the cytotoxic levels of PBL, the reverse was true for the ADCC reaction; here, 50% of the patients showed a decreased cytotoxicity of SFL compared to PBL. Synovial fluid neutrophils (SFN) were found to be inactive in both cytotoxic assays. No differences were found in ADCC activity of PBL between normal controls and RA patients. In SCMC assays a significantly increased activity of control PBL was only observed at L/T ratios of 100:1. Overnight incubation of PBL from RA patients and normal controls resulted in a marked decrease in SCMC and, to a smaller extent, in ADCC activity. SFL from three out of four patients lost less SCMC activity after overnight incubation than the corresponding PBL. In one patient even an increased activity in both cytotoxic systems was obtained. Regarding lymphocyte populations, T-cells were significantly decreased in PBL of RA patients. With the exception of a significantly lowered percentage of C3 receptor positive cells in SFL, no significant differences were recorded in the lymphocyte distribution between the patients' PBL and SFL. In the RA patients, the response to T-cell mitogens was significantly depressed in SFL while PPD and pokeweed reactivity was equal to that of PBL.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1978.tb00471.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation of Human Anti-idiotypes Broadly Cross Reactive with Anti-dsDNA Antibodies from Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 53 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Antibodies to double stranded (ds)DNA play a central role in clinical diagnosis and disease expression in Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This paper describes the isolation of anti-idiotype reagents (anti/antidsDNA) from four SLE sera and the demonstration of broad and quantitatively similar cross reactivity to both polyclonal and monoclonal anti-dsDNA antibodies isolated from SLE patients. Seven affinity-purified polyclonal and three monoclonal human anti-dsDNA preparations reacted preferentially with anti-idiotype F(ab′)2 coated plates compared to normal immunoglobulin (Ig)G F(ab′)2 coated plates in elisa. In contrast, autoantibodies of other specificities (anti-Ro/SSA, anti-La/SSB, and anti-U1RNP) reacted equally with anti/anti-dsDNA F(ab′)2 and normal IgG F(ab′)2 coated plates. Such anti-idiotypic antibodies could play a significant role in the regulation of anti-dsDNA antibody levels in SLE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2001.00858.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro and in vivo effect of glucocorticoids on IgE and IgG subclass secretion (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 24 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Hydrocortisone (HC) as well as its synthetic derivatives have been shown to strongly enhance interleukin-4 (IL-4)-induced in vitro IgE synthesis. To investigate possible effects on IgG subclasses, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were incubated with different glucocorticosteroids in the absence or presence of IL-4. The glucocorticoids alone led to a strongly enhanced secretion of IgG 1, IgG2 and IgG3, but not IgG4. The addition of IL-4 induced marked increases in IgG1 and IgG4, no changes in IgG3, but a consistent decrease in IgG2 synthesis. In order to find out whether these profound in vitro effects of corticosteroids are also reflected by changes in antibody serum levels during steroid treatment, 10 healthy volunteers took 25 mg prednisone for 7 consecutive days. We could not observe any significant changes of IgE or IgG subclass serum levels during or after this period. However, cell cultures performed after the glucocorticoid treatment revealed a marked decrease in the ability to produce IgG4 and a significantly lower potential to produce IgE in response to IL-4 alone or IL-4 and HC. We conclude that, although strongly implicated by the in vitro results, glucocorticosteroid treatment does not result in an increased allergy risk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb02738.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HLA DR AND DQ RFLP ANALYSIS IN CROHN'S DISEASE (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 20 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A study of 109 Swedish patients and 85 healthy Swedish controls with Crohn's disease (CD) by HLA class II RFLP genotyping was carried out. There was no significant association for any single DR or DQ specificity or phenotypic combination of DR and/or DO specificities among our study group of Caucasian extraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1993.tb00162.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved in vitro diagnosis of allergy to Alternaria tenius and Cladosporium herbarum (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 42 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To improve the in vitro diagnosis of mould allergy 22 children suffering from allergic asthma caused by Alternaria tenius and/or Cladosporium herbarum as proven by bronchial provocation test were investigated. Partially purified, standardized mould preparations were used in radioallergosorbent test (RAST) with conventional and new update mould discs, mould-induced histamine release and immunoblotting. Updated RAST discs were found to be superior to the old-type discs for the detection of Alternaria but not Cladosporium sensitivity. In all patients except one, specific IgE-antibodies to the respective mould were demonstrated by immunoblotting. Mould-induced histamine release failed to prove sensitization in only two patients. No differences were found comparing histamine release from whole blood with release from isolated cells. The results demonstrate a high sensitivity of in vitro tests when purified and standardized extracts are used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb00356.x
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