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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 1617-1620 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We review here our recent work on a high dynamic range, subpicosecond x-ray streak camera. Our subpicosecond streak camera (PX1) has been coupled to a 10 Hz Ti: sapphire laser system and tested with 500 fs UV light pulses (266 nm) in jitter-free accumulation mode. A novel design for the photoconductive switches that are coupled to the camera's deflection plates has been successfully used to eliminate the jitter induced by the laser intensity fluctuations and by the temporal shape of the laser beam. Results demonstrate that this detection system gives simultaneously a high dynamic range and a subpicosecond resolution at a repetition rate of 10 Hz. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 3627-3633 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We present results of the characterization of an ultrafast x-ray streak camera, based on Photonis (formerly Philips Photonics) P860 tube, developed for use in ultrashort laser-produced plasma research. The streak camera presented here (called PX1) has been extensively characterized with continuous and pulsed x-ray sources. Time resolution of 350 fs in the keV x-ray range has been achieved, while maintaining a high spatial resolution of 40 μm along a direction perpendicular to the time dispersion axis. It is shown that the streak camera response is lower when the photocathode is illuminated by a pulsed source than when used with a continuous one. This effect seems to be related to a change in the phosphor response. The camera has been used to achieve high-resolution subpicosecond time-resolved spectroscopy of ultrashort laser plasmas allowing the measurements of K-shell line emission durations of 700 fs. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ion velocity distributions generated in a 0.53-μm laser-produced plasma are studied with a Thomson parabola diagnostic at 5×1013 W/cm2. Ions are observed in a narrow energy range. However, for velocities 〉4×105 m/s the distribution dN/dV decreases exponentially and the temperatures deduced from these distributions are in good agreement with those given by x-ray emission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Hydrogenated amorphous a-SixC1−x:H films with various compositions (0.2≤x≤0.8) were prepared by a radio frequency (rf 100 kHz) glow discharge decomposition of a silane and methane mixture diluted in argon. The deposition system used was a commercially available plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition reactor allowing a high throughput (22 wafers of 4 in. diameter each run). The properties of the films such as thickness, density, and stress were investigated. The composition, including hydrogen content and Si/C ratio, and the structure of the films were systematically examined by means of several diagnostics including electron recoil detection, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and infrared (IR) absorption analysis. Thickness and density of the films were dependent on the film composition, while the stress of the films was highly compressive (3×109–1×1010 dynes/cm2). Density was about 2.4 g/cm3 for nearly stoichiometric SiC films. The hydrogen content of the films was practically constant at 27 at. % over the whole investigated composition range. The IR analyses suggested that the structure of the silicon carbide films is inorganic-like over the whole range of compositions. From stoichiometric to carbon-rich films, the structure mainly consists of a tetrahedral network where silicon atoms are randomly replaced by carbon atoms and one hydrogen atom is bonded to silicon (SiH group). However, the presence of SiH2 groups and microvoids was observed in the structure of Si-rich silicon carbide films. Finally, the development of SiC membranes for x-ray lithography was presented including the control of film stress by means of rapid thermal annealing. Silicon carbide membranes of relatively high surface area (32×32 mm2) and showing high optical transparency (80%) were successfully fabricated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 3980-3982 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Laser-driven shocks are successfully used to densify high-temperature superconducting YBa2Cu3O7 ceramic powders. Pressures of 10 GPa on a nanosecond time scale were generated by producing a confined plasma with a high-intensity laser pulse. Significant consolidation is generated up to 300 μm below the irradiated surface (1 cm2). Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate that the pinning of the intergranular vortices is strongly affected by the shock propagation. Recovery of superconductivity in compacted material is obtained with a postshock oxygen annealing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 2834-2840 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The stress evolution of plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition a-SiC:H films was studied by increasing the annealing temperature from 300 to 850 °C. A large stress range from −1 GPa compressive to 1 GPa tensile was investigated. Infrared absorption, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and elastic recoil detection analysis techniques were used to follow the Si-C, Si-H, and C-H absorption band evolutions, the Si2p and C1s chemical bondings, and the a-SiC:H film hydrogen content variations with the annealing temperatures, respectively. It is pointed out that the compressive stress relaxation is due to the hydrogenated bond (Si—H and C—H) dissociation, whereas the tensile stress is caused by additional Si—C bond formation. At high annealing temperatures, a total hydrogen content decrease is clearly observed. This total hydrogen loss is interpreted in terms of hydrogen molecule formation and outerdiffusion. The results are discussed and a quantitative model correlating the intrinsic stress variation to the Si—H, C—H, and Si—C bond density variations is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 5980-5983 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The interaction of a high-contrast, 400 fs, 5×1017 W/cm2 laser pulse with a preformed tantalum plasma produced in a double-pulse configuration is investigated. The x-ray emission characteristics are studied for different time delays between the two laser pulses. A time-resolved transmission grating spectrometer is used to measure the x-ray conversion efficiency and emission duration in the 0.2–1.2 keV energy range. Our results show that it is possible to increase the x-ray source conversion efficiency by an order of magnitude simply by optimizing the delay between the laser pulses. To give an overview of the performances available from such laser-plasma x-ray sources, these results are compared those obtained with a single laser pulse in different interaction regimes. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 5239-5243 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Near solid density plasmas have been obtained by the interaction of ultraintense (2×1018 W cm−2) clean laser pulses with targets composed of different thickness of Al on a Si substrate. The depth of the x-ray emission and spectral shapes were measured using x-ray spectroscopy, which simultaneously characterized the emitting plasma and the suprathermal electron distribution. Strong modifications of the plasmas thermal radiative properties have been observed, for the first time, by changing the laser polarization from S to P. This correlates with an increase of suprathermal electrons production. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The triggering and guiding of leader discharges using a plasma channel created by a sub-joule ultrashort laser pulse have been studied in a megavolt large-scale electrode configuration (3–7 m rod-plane air gap). By focusing the laser close to the positive rod electrode it has been possible, with a 400 mJ pulse, to trigger and guide leaders over distances of 3 m, to lower the leader inception voltage by 50%, and to increase the leader velocity by a factor of 10. The dynamics of the breakdown discharges with and without the laser pulse have been analyzed by means of a streak camera and of electric field and current probes. Numerical simulations have successfully reproduced many of the experimental results obtained with and without the presence of the laser plasma channel. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 6 (1999), S. 1318-1322 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Hard x-ray spectra (10–100 keV) created in high contrast, 400 fs, laser pulse interaction with solid targets, have been studied for laser intensities in the 1017–1019 W/cm2 range. The target atomic numbers (Z) extended from Z=13 to Z=73. The measured conversion efficiency at Ag Kα emission line was 10−3% at 5×1018 W/cm2. It has been confirmed that the hot electron temperature increased as (Iλ2)1/3 and the fraction of laser energy in hot electrons follows scaling law of (Iλ2)3/4. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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