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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 683 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is hyporesponsive to stress in late pregnancy, exemplified as reduced adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone responses to restraint, but the mechanisms are unknown. We investigated forward drive and negative feedback upon the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in pregnant rats. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and vasopressin mRNA expression in the parvocellular paraventricular nucleus and mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptor expression in the paraventricular nucleus and hippocampus were quantified with in situ hybridization. Because it can enhance the corticosterone negative feedback signal, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) bioactivity in these brain regions and anterior pituitary was measured in vitro, and ACTH and corticosterone stress responses were measured after intracerebroventricular glycyrrhetinic acid, an 11β-HSD inhibitor. Changes in corticosterone feedback on ACTH secretion were examined after pharmacological adrenalectomy by metyrapone and aminoglutethimide. Parvocellular paraventricular nucleus CRH mRNA content was reduced on day 21 and the CRH mRNA : vasopressin mRNA ratio was unaltered, indicating decreased production of both CRH and vasopressin. An increase in glucocorticoid receptor mRNA expression in the dentate gyrus (mineralocorticoid receptor mRNA expression was unaltered) and increased 11β-HSD1 activity in the paraventricular nucleus and anterior pituitary suggest an increase in slow negative feedback mechanisms in pregnancy, but glycyrrhetinic acid did not modify the stress response. After metyrapone/aminoglutethimide treatment, corticosterone decreased ACTH secretion more slowly in pregnancy, indicating a decrease in rapid feedback sensitivity. Thus, reduced forward drive rather than increased effectiveness of glucocorticoid negative feedback may underlie stress hyporesponsiveness of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in pregnancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 41 (1983), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: After intracarotid injection of [3H]β-casomorphin-5 (βCM5) in rats, the accumulation of radioactivity was determined in 18 brain regions and the anterior pituitary. The relative accumulation in all regions significantly exceeded that of [3H]inulin by a factor of 2.5, indicating a low but measurable brain uptake of the peptide. In blood-brain barrier-free areas, the accumulation of radioactivity was 15-fold higher than in blood-brain barrierprotected areas. The relative accumulation was not dependent on the total βCM5 concentration in the range of 0.3–1.1μM, and was not depressed by 400μM L-tyrosine. We conclude that βCM5, like other peptides, is accumulated in the blood-brain barrier-free areas to a relatively high but differing degree, whereas in the areas with a tight endothelium the accumulation is relatively low and nearly uniform. A binding to endothelial cells may contribute to the low accumulation of βCM5, especially in blood-brain barrier-protected areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytical Biochemistry 176 (1989), S. 444-448 
    ISSN: 0003-2697
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hemostasis ; Platelet aggregation ; Thromboxane ; Diabetes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Coagulation parameters, platelet aggregation, and thromboxane production as well as metabolic parameters were measured in 31 diabetic patients, 12 without and 19 with clinically manifest late complications, and in 14 healthy control subjects. Spontaneous in vitro aggregation as well as ADP, collagen, and arachidonic acid induced aggregation were higher in both groups of diabetic patients, without an increase in thromboxane B2 production. In diabetic patients with late complications an increase in fibrinogen, fibrinogen cyanogen bromide peptide, factor VIII related antigen, C1-esterase inhibitor, and antithrombin III was observed in comparison to healthy subjects. Fibrinogen, C1-esterase inhibitor, and factor VIII related antigen were already elevated in diabetic patients without clinically manifest late vascular complications. No strict correlations were found between serum glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, and glycosylated albumin, on the one hand, and coagulation promoting or inhibiting factors, aggregation or thromboxane B2 production, on the other, in either control or diabetic subjects. Also no correlations existed between the coagulation parameters and the aggregation results. In vitro incubation of pooled normal plasma with different glucose concentrations had no influence on the methods by which the coagulation parameters were measured. These data indicate that rather early in the diabetic state many changes take place in different phase of the thrombostatic process, all resulting in an increased hemostatic diathesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 68 (1990), S. 872-872 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Glucose tolerance ; Insulin ; Diabetogenic hormones ; Caerulein ; Man ; Glukosetoleranz ; Insulin ; Diabetogene Hormone ; Caerulein ; Mensch
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Untersucht wurden 11 gesunde Personen, fünf Typ I und ein Typ II Diabetiker. Nach einer 12stündigen Fastendauer wurde Caerulein (20 ng/kg) i.v. injiziert und 60 Minuten später eine orale Glukosebelastung mit 100 g bei den Gesunden und 25 g Glukose bei den Diabetikern durchgeführt. Blutdruck, Puls, Blutglukose, Serum-Insulin, Glucagon, Prolaktin und Wachstumshormon wurden während der gesamten Testdauer von 240 min in regelmäßigen Abständen gemessen und mit den Werten einer Kontrolluntersuchung bei den gleichen Personen ohne Caerulein verglichen. Caerulein führte zu keiner signifikanten Änderung einer der gemessenen Parameter. — Während Caerulein die exokrine Pankreasfunktion stark stimuliert, hat dieses Decapeptid keinen Einfluß auf Glukosetoleranz und Funktionen des endokrinen Pankreas und der Hypophyse.
    Notes: Summary Eleven healthy volunteers, five type I diabetics, and one type II diabetic man were examined. After an overnight fast caerulein (20 ng/kg) was injected intravenously and 60 min later an oral glucose tolerance test was performed with 100 g glucose in the normals and 25 g glucose in the diabetics. Blood pressure, pulse rate, blood glucose, serum insulin, glucagon, prolactin and growth hormone values were measured during the whole period of 240 min and compared with the same parameters in control tests in the same persons without caerulein application. None of the measured parameters were significantly influenced by caerulein. It is therefore concluded that in contrast to the stimulation of the exocrine pancreas functions of the endocrine pancreas, the pituitary gland and glucose tolerance are unchanged after caerulein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 60 (1982), S. 815-822 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Organic hyperinsulinism ; Islet cell carcinoma ; Diagnosis ; Surgery ; Chemotherapy ; Prognosis ; Organischer Hyperinsulinismus ; Inselzellcarcinom ; Diagnostik ; Operation ; Chemotherapie ; Prognose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ein Inselzellcarcinom als Ursache eines organischen Hyperinsulinismus findet sich bei 8–15% der Patienten (13% im eigenen Krankengut). Klinisch im Vordergrund stehen neben einer kurzen Anamnese die durch die intermittierend auftretenden Hypoglykämien hervorgerufenen typischen neurologisch-psychiatrischen Symptome. Die biochemische Sicherung erfolgt durch den Nachweis von Hypoglykämien mit inadäquat hohen Insulinspiegeln im Rahmen von Suppressions- und Provokationstesten. Typisch ist ein hohes Serum-Proinsulin und meist eine Insulinsekretionsstarre nach Provokation mit Glucose, Leucin u.a. Die Tumorlokalisation erfolgt mit der selektiven Coeliakographie und der abdominellen Computertomographie. Das Inselzellcarcinom findet sich bevorzugt im Pankreasschwanz. Die Metastasierung erfolgt frühzeitig und bevorzugt Leber und regionäre Lymphknoten. Therapie der Wahl ist die operative Tumorentfernung. Auch bei fortgeschrittenem, metastasierendem Carcinom ist eine operative Tumorverkleinerung indiziert. Die konservative Behandlung umfaßt Medikamente wie Diazoxid und Depot-Glucagon und speziell als Cytostatikum Streptozotocin. Die mittlere Überlebenszeit der Patienten liegt zwischen 30 und 40 Monaten nach Diagnosestellung (eigenes Krankengut 79 Monate). Insgesamt ist die Prognose des Inselzellcarcinoms, vor allem im Vergleich mit dem Adenocarcinom des Pankreas, günstig.
    Notes: Summary About 8%–15% of the patients with organic hyperinsulinism have an islet cell carcinoma (13% in our series). In addition to a history of complaints of relatively recent onset, the patients present clinically the typical intermittent neurologic-psychiatric symptoms concurrently associated with hypoglycemia. The diagnosis is established biochemically on the basis of hypoglycemia, with inadequate incrementation of the insulin concentration subsequent to suppression and provocation tests. Elevated serum proinsulin and, in most patients, an increased insulin secretion rate are usually found after administration of agents such as glucose or leucine. Localization of the tumors is achieved by selective coeliacography as well as abdominal computerized axial tomography. The islet cell carcinoma is found most frequently in the tail of the pancreas, less frequently in the body and head of the pancreas. Metastatic spread is seen early into adjacent lymph nodes and especially in the liver. The treatment of choice is surgical resection of the tumor. Even in cases with advanced metastatic involvement, surgical intervention appears indicated. Medical treatment includes the administration of diazoxide, long-acting glucagon as well as the cytostatic agent streptozotocin. The average survival time is 30–40 months after diagnosis (in our series 79 months). Thus, the prognosis of patients with islet cell carcinoma appears relatively favorable, especially when compared with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 63 (1985), S. 1000-1004 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Graves' ophthalmopathy ; Cyclosporin A ; ultrasonogram ; computerized tomography ; proptosis ; extraocular muscle thickness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To evaluate the effect of Cyclosporin A in the management of Graves' ophthalmopathy, we treated 13 patients with severe euthyroid endocrine eye disease with the immunosuppressive drug. Follow up consisted of clinical investigation, laboratory evaluation with detailed thyroid function tests and complete ophthalmological assessments including A and B scan ultrasound and computerized tomography (CT) of the orbits. Cyclosporin A given over 4–7 months resulted in improvement of clinical signs and symptoms of the disease due to a positive effect of the drug on soft tissue changes. The more objective methods did not demonstrate any unequivocal change in proptosis, visual acuity, intraocular pressure and thickness of extraocular muscles. Cyclosporin A was not able to stop acute progression of ophthalmopathy in one patient and did not obviate surgical decompression of the orbits in two more patients. There was no measurable effect of treatment on the underlying immunological process with regard to thyroid disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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