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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 2848-2853 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have developed a variational formalism to calculate the effects of electric and magnetic fields on confined hydrogenic donor states in asymmetric coupled double quantum well structures. It is demonstrated that an electric field applied along the growth axis can easily shift the electron wave function from one quantum well across the center barrier into the neighboring well, without ejecting the electron from a confined donor state. Depending on donor location in the structure, binding energy can either increase or decrease under the applied electric field, as had been found in the case of single quantum wells, but with significantly greater rates of change in response to the external field. The magnetic field applied along the growth axis of the quantum well structure leads to additional quantum confinement, increasing both the donor binding energies and the transition energy between the 1s and 2p+ donor states. Effect of the relative size of the two coupled quantum wells on the donor binding energy is also discussed. Dipole moment and polarizability of the confined donor states are obtained simultaneously as well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 4211-4215 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Three amorphous alloy powders in the Ti-Fe system with the ratios of Ti:Fe at 1:2, 1:1, and 2:1 were prepared by mechanical alloying of the elemental powders in a high-energy ball mill. The amorphous powders were characterized by x-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. A complete amorphization of Ti1Fe1 was achieved, whereas a remaining crystalline portion besides the amorphous phase was present in Ti2Fe1 and Ti1Fe2. The crystallization temperatures for these alloys detected by differential scanning calorimetry varied from 714 to 791 K, which were corresponding to half of their melting points.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 1788-1796 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A quantum statistical formalism has been developed for the excitonic luminescence linewidths and line shapes in semiconductor binary alloys due to band-gap fluctuations caused by the random distributions of the alloy components in an applied magnetic field. The virtual crystal approximation is used to estimate the local band-gap variations. The shifts of the excitonic transition energy due to the band-gap fluctuations are obtained using the first-order perturbation theory. A Gaussian line shape is obtained for the excitonic transition using standard statistical techniques. This formalism is applied to calculate the linewidths and line shapes associated with the ground-state excitonic transition as a function of alloy composition and magnetic-field strength in AlxGa1−xAs and InxGa1−xP alloys. The resulting linewidths and line shapes are in good agreement with the available low-temperature photoluminescence data; however, the calculated linewidths are consistently smaller than the measured values. The possible mechanisms responsible for this discrepancy are discussed. A comparison of excitonic linewidths obtained from the present theory with those calculated earlier is also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 2513-2520 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The optical transmission loss in dielectric waveguide bends is investigated using the finite-difference time-domain approach. An absorbing boundary condition, applied to reduce the size of the mesh, is proven to work very well for the waveguide structure. The desired modes are excited using the solution of a one-dimensional waveguide structure. The bending loss is then obtained using the methods of overlap integral and least-square fit. The structures of multiple-bend waveguides are analyzed. It is shown that the coupling between neighboring bends leads to direct transmission to the waveguide section on the aligned plane in addition to the transmission through the zigzag path. The bending loss in nonplanar laser arrays is investigated in detail. The possibility of having a shallow groove depth laser array is then discussed. Lateral lasing is prohibited by the radiation loss due to the bend. It is observed that the optical coupling between neighboring emitters is enhanced by the shallow groove depth, implying that phase-locked array modes can be obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 12 (2000), S. 1899-1910 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The circulating flows formed inside a spherical drop under time-periodic nonuniform electric fields are considered. For simplicity, it is assumed that there are axisymmetric electric fields and that the flow fields are in the Stokes flow regime. An analytical solution of the streamfunction distribution inside and outside the drop is obtained. The flow field is found to be dependent on the frequency of the time-periodic electric field and the ratios of the material properties such as the viscosity, the electrical conductivity, and the electrical permittivity. As part of the solution, an analytical expression of the dielectrophoretic migration velocity of a drop under a time-periodic electric field is also obtained. The result shows an interesting physics—that dielectrophoretic migration is possible in a time-periodic electric field even in the situation where dielectrophoresis would be impossible in a static electric field. By using the analytical solution of the streamfunction, fluid mixing inside a drop is analyzed based on the Poincaré maps. The mass transfer enhancement factor due to fluid mixing has also been computed by solving the unsteady mass transfer equation numerically. The existence of an optimal frequency has been confirmed as in other mass transfer enhancement processes by time-periodic forcing. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 1542-1547 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using an Al/SiO2(wet)/Si0.9Ge0.1/n–Si/Al capacitor structure, effects of oxidation on bulk trap and interface states near the SiO2/SiGe interface are investigated. Two peaks at the energy levels of 0.23 eV (D1) and 0.40 eV (D2) below the conduction band edge are observed with the capacitance deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) method. The DLTS measurement results show a characteristic feature of interface states for the D1 peak. The interface state distribution obtained by the capacitance–voltage method also has a high density (6.9×1012/cm2 eV) peak at an energy level of 0.23 eV below the conduction band edge. The Si–O– dangling bonds are thought to be the source of the D1 peak. The annealing behaviors of the D2 peak show that D2 is a divacancy related bulk trap. The capture cross section and the trap density for the bulk trap D2 are 2.06×10−15/cm2 and 1.8×1014/cm3, respectively. The density of D2 is significantly reduced after low temperature postmetallization annealing. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 2590-2595 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Heat transport in 20–300 nm thick dielectric films is characterized in the temperature range of 78–400 K using the 3ω method. SiO2 and SiNx films are deposited on Si substrates at 300 °C using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). For films 〉100 nm thick, the thermal conductivity shows little dependence on film thickness: the thermal conductivity of PECVD SiO2 films is only ∼10% smaller than the conductivity of SiO2 grown by thermal oxidation. The thermal conductivity of PECVD SiNx films is approximately a factor of 2 smaller than SiNx deposited by atmospheric pressure CVD at 900 °C. For films 〈50 nm thick, the apparent thermal conductivity of both SiO2 and SiNx films decreases with film thickness. The thickness dependent thermal conductivity is interpreted in terms of a small interface thermal resistance RI. At room temperature, RI∼2×10−8 K m2 W−1 and is equivalent to the thermal resistance of a ∼20 nm thick layer of SiO2 . © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 983-987 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: It is proposed that the nucleation and growth of the amorphous phase through the solid-state amorphizing reaction in thin-film diffusion couples can be predicted by using the concept of effective driving force. The effective driving force consists of two factors: (i) the thermodynamic driving force given by maximum free-energy difference between the physical mixture of binary elements and the amorphous phase (ΔGmax), and (ii) the kinetic factor given by a ratio of the effective radius of the interstitial site in the host matrix to the atomic radius of the diffusing species (Rm/d). From the comparison of reported experimental results, it is shown that the criterion of effective driving force holds well for predicting the nucleation of the amorphous phase in metal/silicon systems as well as that of metal/metal systems. In addition, the concept of effective driving force holds well for predicting the growth tendency of the amorphous phase in metal/silicon systems. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 5783-5786 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The thermal conductivities of α-Al2O3 and κ-Al2O3 wear-resistant coatings are measured using the 3ω method in the temperature range 80〈T〈600 K. The coatings are 13 μm thick and deposited by chemical vapor deposition on substrates of Co-cemented WC. The α-Al2O3 coating has a thermal conductivity comparable to sapphire at T〉300 K. The relatively small thermal conductivity of κ-Al2O3, a factor of ∼3 smaller than α-Al2O3, suggests that this metastable phase of alumina can be applied as an effective thermal barrier for cutting tools. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 5217-5223 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Synergetic effects have been observed for low energy Ar+ ion bombardment combined with low temperature annealing for producing clean and well-ordered Si(100) surfaces. Low energy, mass-selected Ar+ bombardment of Si(100) surfaces in the range of 50–300 eV was performed over the temperature range 25–500 °C. The surfaces were characterized by in situ Auger electron spectroscopy and reflection high energy electron diffraction and ex situ atomic force microscopy. It is found that a clean and well-ordered Si surface can be obtained at a lower temperature when ion bombardment and annealing are applied simultaneously than if they are applied separately or in sequence. Nearly ideal surfaces can be obtained for the conditions of 100–200 eV Ar+ bombardment at 400–500 °C. This synergy between ion bombardment and annealing is discussed in terms of a subplantation model that includes Ar-defect complexes. Additionally, formation of SiC by 100 eV Ar+ ion bombardment of the carbon contaminated silicon surface was observed. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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