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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of IgG1 and IgE Synthesis by Interleukin 4 in Mouse B Cells (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 30 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Mouse interleukin 4 (IL-4) has been shown to act on B cells as an induction factor for Ig class switch. We studied the characteristics of IL-4-regulated Ig isotype production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated splenic B-cell cultures with emphasis on the comparison between the IgG1 and IgE responses. The results show that the kinetics for the appearance of IgG1 and IgE isotypes are similar, but that the dose of IL-4 required for the induction of an IgE response is 3–10 times higher than that for an IgG1 response. No requirement for T cells was found for the induction of either isotype. Pre-incubation of cells for 24 h with IL-4 alone was sufficient 10 induce an IgG1 response when cells were recultured with LPS from days 1 to 6. However, the simultaneous presence of both IL-4 and LPS for at least 24 h was required for a detectable IgE response. For an optimal IgE response. IL-4 needed to be present for more than 72 h in LPS-activated cultures. The possible reasons for the different regulation of IgG1 and IgE responses are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1989.tb01221.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced cough response to hyperpnea with cold air challenge in chronic cough patients showing increased cough sensitivity to inhaled capsaicin (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 58 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Although many chronic cough patients have complained of an induced cough by cold air contact, the clinical relevance of cold air to inducing a cough and the diagnostic value of a hyperpnea with cold air (HCA) challenge to detect a hyperreactive cough reflex have not yet been investigated.Methods: Recordings of cough counts after a 2-min HCA challenge were performed in 49 chronic cough patients and 15 healthy controls. Capsaicin cough provocation tests, which determine the threshold concentration of capsaicin that induces five or more consecutive coughs (C5), were also administered.Results: After comparing the results from the capsaicin cough provocation tests of the patients and the controls, the chronic cough patients were divided into two groups: an increased cough sensitivity (ICS) group (n = 28) (C5 〈 32 μmol/l) and a normal cough sensitivity (NCS) group (n = 21) (C5 ≥ 32 μmol/l). The median value of induced cough counts after a HCA challenge was 11 coughs in patients with ICS and was a significantly enhanced cough response compared to that of the patients with NCS and healthy controls (four coughs, respectively).Conclusions: A simple cough provocation test using a HCA challenge may be useful for detecting ICS. It also suggests that hyperreactive cough reflexes may be one of the mechanisms of inducing chronic cough.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2003.00183.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrocortisone enhances allergen-specific IgE production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from atopic patients with high serum allergen-specific IgE levels (2000)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 30 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Although there is convincing evidence that human B cells can be induced to produce IgE by a combination of interleukin 4 (IL-4) and hydrocortisone (HC) in atopic subjects, it is still uncertain if this performs the same functions in allergen-specific IgE synthesis.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉ObjectiveThis study was designed to investigate the differences of IgE regulation between atopics and nonatopics, interactions of HC with IL-4, and the correlation between in vitro total IgE, allergen-specific IgE synthesis and serum IgE levels.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 16 atopic asthma patients sensitive to Dermatophagoides farinae and seven nonatopic controls were cultured with IL-4 and/or HC. Total IgE and D. farinae-specific IgE in culture supernatant were measured by ELISA and FAST.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉ResultsIL-4 increased total IgE synthesis in PBMCs from both atopics and nonatopics, whereas, HC had this effect only in some atopics who showed spontaneous IgE production in vitro. HC acted synergistically with IL-4 in total IgE synthesis. Their effects were more remarkable in cases with lower total serum IgE levels. PBMCs from eight of 16 atopics produced D. farinae-specific IgE in vitro either spontaneously or by IL-4 and/or HC. HC had more profound effects than IL-4 in these patients. They also showed higher total IgE synthesis by HC, and higher specific serum IgE levels than the others. IL-4 and/or HC did not induce any D. farinae-specific IgE synthesis by PBMCs from nonatopics.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉ConclusionHC had a more profound effect than IL-4 on the induction of D. farinae-specific IgE synthesis in atopic patients with high serum allergen specific IgE levels. Further studies to determine the causes of these effects, such as the presence of long lived allergen specific B cells as the result of the priming effect of IL-4 in vivo, may be needed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2000.00991.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occupational asthma caused by two herb materials, Dioscorea batatas and Pinellia ternata (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 24 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. There have been very few cases of occupational allergies caused by herb materials. In this paper, we report a case of occupational asthma and rhinitis caused by two herb materials. Dioscorea batatas and Pinellia ternata which are known as Sanyak and Banha respectively. The patient had strong positive responses to grass pollens and cat fur, as well as to Sanyak and Banha extracts on skin-prick tests. Bronchoprovocation tests showed a dual asthmatic response to Sanyak whereas only an early asthmatic response to Banha. Serum specific IgE and IgG4 antibodies to Sanyak were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) but there was no specific IgE antibody binding to Banha. In order to further characterize the allergenie component of these extracts, sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and electroblotting studies were also performed. Three IgE binding components (29000, 57000, 63000 Da) were detected within the Sanyak extracts, but no IgE-binding component was noted within the Banha extracts. It is suggested that Sanyak can induce IgE-mediated bronchoconstriction in an exposed worker. Further studies are needed to investigate the pathogenetic mechanism triggered by Banha.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb00955.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chlamydia pneumoniae infection enhances cellular proliferation and reduces steroid responsiveness of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells via a tumor necrosis factor-α-dependent pathway (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 35 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Although epidemiological studies have found an association between Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and severe asthma, the causality and underlying mechanism are largely unknown. We hypothesized that C. pneumoniae infection increases the proliferation and enhances the survival of immune and inflammatory cells, resulting in reduced responsiveness to corticosteroids and suggesting that the underlying mechanism is related to a TNF-α-dependent pathway.Methods Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were cultured in vitro in the presence or absence of C. pneumoniae infection. Responsiveness to corticosteroids was assayed by adding dexamethasone, and the underlying mechanism was investigated by treating cells with infliximab that is a chimeric anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody. Cellular proliferation and apoptosis was assessed by thymidine uptake and counting apoptotic cells using flow cytometry.Results Cellular proliferation was significantly higher in C. pneumoniae-infected PBMCs than in uninfected PBMCs, which is more prominent in Th2-dominant microenvironment. The anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effect of corticosteroid were significantly reduced in C. pneumoniae-infected PBMCs compared with uninfected PBMCs. The proliferative effect of C. pneumoniae infection and the reduced response to corticosteroid were effectively reversed by blocking the TNF-α pathway at least partially.Conclusion C. pneumoniae infection enhanced the proliferation and survival of immune and inflammatory cells, resulting in steroid resistance. The reversal of these phenomena by the TNF-α inhibitor suggests that TNF-α may play an important role in the induction of steroid dependence or resistance. A TNF-α inhibitor may therefore be a candidate agent for managing steroid-dependent or -resistant severe asthma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02391.x
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