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  • 1
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Puzzling aspects of high-transition-temperature (high-Tc) superconductors include the prevalence of magnetism in the normal state and the persistence of superconductivity in high magnetic fields. Superconductivity and magnetism generally are thought to be incompatible, based on what ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 620 (1993), S. 164-168 
    ISSN: 0378-4347
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 109 (1937), S. 436-441 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cardiovascular drugs and therapy 9 (1995), S. 203-211 
    ISSN: 1573-7241
    Keywords: nicorandil ; ischemic CAD ; pacing-induced ischemia ; regional wall motion ; echo contrast medium ; myocardial perfusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Left ventricular function and regional perfusion were evaluated by two study designs in patient groups with stable ischemic coronary artery disease (CAD): (1) using conventional left ventricular angiographies and (2) applying myocardial contrast echocardiography. The aim of the studies was to establish the effects of sublingually or orally applied nicorandil (N) on pacing-induced myocardial ischemia (MIS). In the first angiographic study, in nine patients with ischemic CAD and with pacing-inducible MIS, the effect of N, 20 mg sublingually, on hemodynamics and regional wall motion (RWM) were studied. There were no parameter changes without MIS being induced when comparing measurements at the 7th and 14th minute after N application to control values (p〉0.05). In the 15th and 16th minutes after N, pacing-induced MIS could no longer be elicited but left ventricular pump function improved; comparing MIS with N versus MIS without N: ejection fraction improved by 21%, cardiac index by 37%, and RWM by 21%, while filling pressure fell by 41% and systemic vascular resistance fell by 29%. Thus, N-mediated “protection from ischemia” with rather improved hemodynamics and RWM corresponds with alterations that theoretically could have been expected after nitroglycerin given under the above conditions. In the second echocardiographic study, regional perfusion was assessed in 10 patients by intracoronary injection of a newly developed echo contrast medium (ECM) and measurement of ECM washout halftime (t1/2) over opacified myocardial regions of interest, which displayed wall motion abnormalities already at rest. Echocardiographic evaluations were performed at rest and during MIS with and without the effects of 20 mg of oral N. The t1/2 shortened significantly by 60% and was accompanied by a decrease in filling pressure from 18±9 to 7±3 mmHg. The perfused myocardial area increased by 75%, displaying a partially regained wall motion in previously hypokinetic areas, which resulted in an augmentation of regional ejection fraction. Concomitantly, the degree of coronary stenoses was reduced by 21% (p〈0.05). The antiischemic effects of the drug demonstrated were not accompanied by side effects.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cardiovascular drugs and therapy 5 (1991), S. 967-972 
    ISSN: 1573-7241
    Keywords: moxonidine ; hemodynamics ; neurohumoral system ; essential hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The hemodynamic and neurohumoral effects of a single oral dose (0.4 mg) of the novel centrally acting antihypertensive agent moxonidine were investigated over 4 hours in ten patients with essential hypertension (WHO I-II). Pulmonary pressure indices and cardiac output were determined both at rest and during ergometric exercise by means of Swan-Ganz catheterization. Blood pressure was measured by sphygmomanometry and in the brachial artery. Moxonidine induced a significant fall in blood pressure over the 4-hour observation period from 176/105 mmHg to 158/95 mmHg (p〈0.01), accompanied by a decrease in systemic vascular resistance from 1695 to 1427 dyn.sec/cm5 (p〈0.01). Cardiac output remained unchanged, while heart rate increased slightly from 69 to 75 beats/min (p〈0.01). No significant changes were recorded for either pulmonary artery pressure or pulmonary vascular resistance. Plasma levels of noradrenaline (337 vs. 224 pg/ml) and renin (2.6 vs 2.0 ng/ml/hr) activity fell significantly after moxonidine (p〈0.05), both at rest and during exercise. Although aldosterone plasma levels fell slightly, levels of angiotensin II and ANF remained unchanged. Moxonidine has favorable effects on hemodynamics and the neurohumoral system in patients with essential hypertension and is well tolerated at the dose administered.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cardiovascular drugs and therapy 6 (1992), S. 353-360 
    ISSN: 1573-7241
    Keywords: tedisamil ; coronary artery disease ; hemodynamics ; right heart catheterization ; catecholamines ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-four patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease, chronic stable angina, and reproducible ST-segment depression took part in this openlabel, baseline-controlled study on the hemodynamic, antiischemic, metabolic, and neurohumoral effects of tedisamil following IV doses of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mg/kg (eight patients in each dose group). Tedisamil produced a dose-dependent decrease in both heart rate [rest: 2.4, 7.5 (p〈.01), and 9.2 beats/min (p〈.001); exercise: 6, 4.6, and 8.9 beats/min (p〈.01), respectively] and the index of myocardial oxygen consumption (exercise: 6–9% in each group) associated with an improvement of ST-segment depression [−12.1%, −10.7%, −41.9% (p〉.01), resp.]. While cardiac output was found decreased due to the heart-rate reduction both at rest [−8.5%, −5.7%, and −10.2% (p〈.05), respectively] and during exercise (2–8%), being significant only at rest in the highest dose group, stroke volume remained unaltered. Pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, right-ventricular ejection fraction, and pulmonary vascular resistance were without significant changes. Blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance tended to increase, associated with a decrease in plasma catecholamines (20–40%). Tedisamil produced a dose-dependent prolongation of QTc duration [+2%, +6%, +12% (p〈.05), respectively] with PQ and QRS unaltered. The elimination half-life of tedisamil IV ranges between 6.8 and 7.8 hours. In conclusion, tedisamil, at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg IV, was well tolerated and was found to have favorable hemodynamic and antiischemic effects in patients with ischemic heart disease.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-7241
    Keywords: dilated cardiomyopathy ; vasoconstriction system ; plasma volume ; congestive heart failure ; catecholamines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Alterations in the vasopressor system found in cardiac failure are part of compensatory measures that may modify pharmacologic-therapeutic response. Therefore, in 64 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, we investigated its enhanced activity in different clinical stages of the disease as compared to normal controls. Patients in NYHA class II (n=20) demonstrated increased activity of the sympathico-adrenal, reninangiotensin-aldosterone, vasopressin, and atrial natriueretic factor systems, while maximum values were found in patients of NYHA class IV (n=24). In these patients, noradrenaline was enhanced by a factor of 7, adrenaline by a factor of 2, plasma-renin-activity by a factor of 7, angiotensin II by a factor of 2.5, aldosterone by a factor of 5, vasopressin by a factor of 1.5, and ANF by a factor of 4 as compared to normal controls Clinical NYHA classes correlated to a certain degree with the various plasma hormones. Patients treated with an aldosterone inhibitor in addition to digitalis and diuretics revealed significantly higher values for aldosterone, vasopressin, and angiotensin II as compared to those who received digitalis and diuretics alone. The addition of ACE-inhibitor therapy resulted in a decrease of angiotensin II, aldosterone, and vasopressin. Plasma catecholamines and ANF, however, did not change under the influence of cardiac medication. Diuretic treatment in NYHA class II patients reduced plasma volumes (p〈0.01). Plasma volume in NYHA class IV patients only was found to be higher than in normal controls. Thus, analysis of the neurohumoral system can aid both in the identification of the clinical degree of dilated cardiomyopathy and in its optimal therapy.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 361 (1983), S. 712-712 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Pacemaker electrodes ; Entrapment ; Continuous traction ; Extracorporeal circulation ; Schrittmacherelektroden ; Incarceration ; Dauerzugextraktion ; Herz-Lungen-Maschine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Infektion eines Schrittmachersystems erfordert seine vollständige Entfernung. Intravasales Belassen des zentralen Anteils der incarcerierten Elektrode führt zu schwerwiegenden Komplikationen wie Thrombose der großen Venen oder Migration des freien Sondenanteils. Zur Vermeidung dieser Komplikationen solite eine Dauerzugbehandlung versucht werden. Die Zuweisung von 13 Patienten mit gekapptem Sondenanteil and Sepsis oder Lungenembolie erforderte ein aggresiveres Vorgehen. Ober eine rechtsseitige Atriotomie in HLM-Bereitschaft gelang bei 8 Patienten die Entfernung der Elektrode während in 5 Fallen die EKK eingesetzt werden mußte.
    Notes: Summary Infection of pacemaker systems necessitates their entire replacement. Leaving parts of electrodes in situ leads to several major complications such as thrombosis of the great veins or migration of the electrodes. In order to avoid those problems continuous traction should be tried. A total of 13 patients with persistent septicemia, severe rhythm disturbances, or imminent embolism due to retained electrodes had to treated. In 8 of them removal was possible by atriotomy, whereas in 5 ECC has to be instituted to extirpate the electrodes.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Key words Tedisamil – beta blockers – coronary artery disease – hemodynamics – right heart catheterization – catecholamines ; Schlüsselwörter Tedisamil – Betablocker – koronare Herzerkrankung – Hämodynamik – Rechtsherzkatheter – Katecholamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Klinische Limitationen bei der Behandlung der stabilen Angina pectoris mittels Betablocker führten zur Entwicklung von alternativen frequenzsenkenden Substanzen wie beispielsweise dem K+-Kanalblocker Tedisamil, der neben antiischämischen auch antiarrhythmische Eigenschaften aufweist. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung (doppelblinder, randomisierter Gruppenvergleich) wurden die hämodynamischen, antiischämischen, metabolischen und neurohumoralen Auswirkungen von 2× 100 mg Tedisamil und 2× 50 mg Atenolol als Monotherapie bei 48 Patienten mit stabiler Angina pectoris über einen Zeitraum von 6 Tagen verglichen. Tedisamil und Atenolol führten zu einer Senkung der Herzfrequenz sowohl in Ruhe (Tag 1: –14 vs –15 min-1; p 〉 0,05; Tag 6: –15 vs –22 min-1; p 〉 0,05) als auch unter Belastung (Tag 1: –9 vs –18 min-1; p = 0,001; Tag 6: –12 vs –25 min-1; p = 0,001) bei gleichzeitiger Erhöhung der Angina-pectoris-Schwelle. Das Herzzeitvolumen wurde unter beiden Substanzen sowohl in Ruhe (Tag 1: –1,01 vs –1,19 l/min; p 〉 0,05; Tag 6: –0,86 vs –1,01 l/min; p 〉 0,05) als auch unter Belastung (Tag 1: –0,82 vs –1,28 l/min; p 〉 0,05); Tag 6: –0,65 vs –2,68 l/min; p = 0,03) gesenkt, wobei das Schlagvolumen unverändert blieb. Der rechtsatriale Druck änderte sich nur unter Belastung mit einem Abfall unter Tedisamil (–1,7 mm Hg) und einem Anstieg unter Atenolol (+3,7 mm Hg) (p = 0,001). In der Tedisamil-Gruppe fiel der mittlere pulmonalkapilläre Verschlußdruck am 6. Behandlungstag sowohl in Ruhe (–0,5 mm Hg) als auch unter Belastung (–6,9 mm Hg), zeigte jedoch unter Atenolol eine Tendenz zum Anstieg (Ruhe: +1,7 mm Hg; Belastung: +3,7 mm Hg) (p = 0,03). Eine Senkung des arteriellen Druckes zeigte sich nur unter Behandlung mit Atenolol. Während die belastungsinduzierten Noradrenalin-Plasmaspiegel nach Tedisamil-Gabe gesenkt wurden (–93 pg/ml), zeigte sich unter Atenolol eine Erhöhung (+172 pg/ml) (p = 0,001). Nach Tedisamil fand sich eine im Vergleich zu Atenolol signifikante Verlängerung des QTc-Intervalls (+31 vs –8 ms) 8p = 0,002) bei einem Ausgangswert von 0,408 ± 0,018 und unveränderten PQ- und QRS-Zeiten. In der vorliegenden Studie zeigte Tedisamil günstige hämodynamische, metabolische und neurohumorale Effekte bei Patienten mit stabiler Angina pectoris. Die antiischämische Wirkung von Tedisamil, gemessen an der ST-Strecken-Senkung und der Angina-pectoris-Schwelle, ist mit der von Atenolol vergleichbar.
    Notes: Summary Background: Clinical drawbacks of beta-blocker treatment in stable angina have motivated researchers to provide alternative heart rat lowering agents, such as tedisamil which additionally exerts antiischemic and antiarrhythmic effects by blockade of cellular repolarizing K+ currents. Methods and Results: 48 patients with stable angina pectoris were investigated (double-blind, randomized, parallel grouped) comparing the hemodynamic, antiischemic, metabolic and neurohumoral effects of tedisamil 100 mg b.i.d and atenolol 50 mg b.i.d. after a single dose and over 6 days of treatment. Tedisamil and atenolol produced a decrease in heart rate both at rest (day 1: –13.6 vs –15.4 bpm; p 〉 0.05; day 6: –14.8 vs –22.2 bpm; resp.; p 〉 0.05) and exercise (day 1: –9.1 vs –18.3 bpm; p = 0.001; day 6: –12.0 vs –24.8 bpm, resp.; p = 0.001), while anginal threshold increased. Cardiac output decreased with tedisamil and atenolol at rest (day 1: –1.01 vs –1.19 l/min; p 〉 0.05; day 6: –0.86 vs –1.10 l/min, resp.; p 〉 0.05) and exercise (day 1: –0.82 vs –1.28 l/min; p 〉 0.05; day 6: –0.65 vs –2.68 l/min, resp.; p = 0.03), while stroke volume remained unchanged. Right atrial pressure changed during exercise only: It decreased with tedisamil (–1.7 mm Hg) and increased with atenolol (+3.7 mm Hg). Mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressures decreased at rest (–0.5 mm Hg) and exercise (–6.9 mm Hg) in the tedisamil group, but tended to increase with atenolol on day 6 (rest: +1.7; exercise: +3.7 mm Hg) (p = 0.03). Arterial pressure decreased under atenolol treatment only. Exercise-induced plasma norepinephrine levels were reduced by tedisamil (–93 pg/ml) but elavated by atenolol (+172 pg/ml) (p = 0.001). As compared to atenolol, tedisamil produced a significant prolongation of QT c interval (+31 vs –8 ms) (p = 0.002) at initial values of 0.408 ± 0.018 s with PQ and QRS remaining unaltered. Conclusions: In the present study, tedisamil (100 mg b.i.d.) generated favorable hemodynamic, neurohumoral and antiischemic effects in patients with stable angina pectoris. The antiischemic efficacy of tedisamil, as measured by ST segment depression and angina threshold, is comparable to that of atenolol (50 mg b.i.d.).
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 5 (1972), S. 573-575 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Arbeit umfaßt technische und methodische Lösungen, welche bei der Untersuchung der thermischen Stabilität von PVC durch Reaktions-Gas-Chromatographie verwendet werden können. Das Verfahren umfaßt die Bestimmung der thermischen Stabilität von PVC bei Temperaturen unter 200°C, durch Analyse der gebildeten flüchtigen organischen Produkte. Die Ergebnisse zeigen den Abbauprozeß von Polymeren im Frühstadium an. Sie erlauben die Zersetzung auch während der sogenannten Induktionsperiode zu verfolgen, welche bei der Bestimmung der thermischen Stabilität von PVC durch die Messung von gebildeter HCl gegeben ist.
    Abstract: Résumé Dans ce mémoire on propose des solutions techniques et pratiques pour l'étude de la stabilité thermique du chlorure de polyvinyle par chromatographie en phase gazeuse. Le procédé consiste à déterminer la stabilité à la chaleur du CPV (températures inférieures à 200°C) par analyse des produits organiques formés. Les résultats obtenus montrent qu'il est possible d'étudier le processus de dégradation par la chaleur du CPV dans sa phase initial et dans la période dite d'induction qui est connue grâce aux méthodes basées sur la mesure de l'acide chlorhydrique formé.
    Notes: Summary This work proposes the technical and methodical solutions advantageous in investigation of the thermal stability of poly(vinylchloride) by reaction gas chromatographic technique. The procedure involves determination of the thermal stability at temperatures below 200°C through the analysis of the volatile organic products formed. The results obtained show that it is possible to follow the polymer degradation process at an early stage and during the so-called induction period existing in PVC thermal stability determination by methods based on the measurement of the HCl developed.
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