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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sub-therapeutic exposure to polyene antimycotics elicits a post-antifungal effect (PAFE) and depresses the cell surface hydrophobicity of oral Candida albicans isolates (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 29 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Post-antifungal effect (PAFE) is defined as the suppression of growth that persists following limited exposure of fungi to antimycotics and subsequent removal of the drug. The fungal pathogen Candida albicans is the major aetiologic agent of oral candidosis, and the cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) of this yeast is considered a critical factor contributing to its colonisation potential. As the concentration of topically prescribed antifungals reach sub-therapeutic levels at dosage intervals, the study of the polyene-induced PAFE and its impact on the CSH of oral C. albicans should be of clinical relevance. Hence the aims of this investigation were to measure the PAFE and CSH of 12 isolates of C. albicans following limited exposure (1 h) to nystatin and amphotericin B and also to investigate the ultrastructural features of yeast cells following such antifungal exposure. The yeasts were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of nystatin (×2 MIC) and amphotericin B (×2 MIC) for a period of 1 h. Following subsequent removal of the drug, the PAFE and the CSH of the isolates were assessed by a turbidometric measurement of growth and a biphasic aqueous-hydrocarbon assay, respectively. The mean duration of PAFE of nystatin and amphotericin B were 5.99 (±0.49) h and 8.73 (±0.93) h, respectively, while the reduction in CSH following exposure to these drugs were 17.32% (P〈0.05 for 83% of the isolates) and 14.26% (P〈0.05 for 66% of the isolates), respectively. On scanning electron microscopy the exposed cells were seen to undergo collapse of the internal cell membrane, leaving an intact cell wall, while a proportion of cells were deflated. Some cells showed intense puckering of the cell wall, resulting in a mulberry appearance. Taken together, these data elucidate additional mechanisms by which polyene antimycotics may operate in vivo to suppress candidal pathogenicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0714.2000.290503.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions between thermal cycled resilient denture lining materials, salivary and serum pellicles and Candida albicans in vitro. Part I. Effects on fungal growth (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 27 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the present study, the growth of a single isolate of Candida albicans on seven saliva-, serum-coated or protein free (uncoated), thermocycled (4–70 °C for 1 min, respectively; 0, 1000 and 10 000 times) commercial resilient lining materials was investigated by monitoring pH changes in growth media. The inhibitory effect of the tissue conditioners on fungal growth was observed using three parameters, i.e. (i) the delay in the onset of the rapid decline in pH, (ii) the reduction in the rate of pH change and (iii) the pH minima reached. In the case of control soft liners (not thermocycled and uncoated), the antifungal effect appeared to depend upon the type of commercial soft liner used. Thus, an initial delay in pH decline and a very high pH minima were observed with fluoric and heat-cured silicone materials. High pH minima were also observed with cold-cured acrylic soft liners, whereas cold-cured silicone materials did not significantly differ from heat-cured acrylic resin (P〉0·05). However, the antifungal effect of the materials was significantly reduced both by thermal cycling (anova, P〈0·01) and a layer of protein coating (saliva, P〈0·05; serum, P〈0·01). These results, taken together, suggest that the ageing of the materials and the biological fluids of the host, particularly serum, promote yeast growth on soft lining materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2000.00482.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incidence of occlusal contacts with complete dentures during mastication using a 6-channel telemetry system: preliminary measurements (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 26 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The purpose of this study was to observe the incidence of occlusal contact with complete dentures during mastication using a 6-channel telemetry system whose accuracy had been improved. The telemetry system consisted of the transmitter unit and the receiver unit. The transmitter unit was embedded in the lower complete denture. This system detects occlusal contacts by the shift of frequency in 100 kHz. The transmitter allowed 6 channels for the occlusal contacts. The data was telemetered by a time division multiplex communication method. A special switch was designed to measure excursive movement on the occlusal surface. After careful occlusal adjustment, the special switches were inserted in the lower first molars. On the basis of preliminary measurements on a 64-year-old edentulous male, it appears that the width of the gliding on the occlusal surface at the lower first molar was mostly 0·2–1·2 mm and the majority of the excursive movements ended at the centric occlusal position.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.1999.00479.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of salivary or serum pellicles on the Candida albicans growth and biofilm formation on soft lining materials in vitro (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 24 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary The effects of salivary or serum pellicle on Candida albicans growth, biofilm formation and cavitation on the soft lining materials were examined. Both saliva and serum pellicles reduced the antifungal effects of soft liners. The fungal biofilm formation on these materials varied depending upon both the materials tested and protein-coats, and the pellicles which significantly enhanced the biofilm formation. Similarly, the pellicles enhanced the firm colonization and hyphal invasion of the yeasts on the specimens, although the cavitation appeared to be regulated by the plasticizer used. These results suggest that the interactions between proteinaceous pellicle, tissue conditioners and fungi are complex. They also suggest that denture pellicles facilitate fungal plaque formation onto soft lining materials through several mechanisms such as reduction of the antifungal effects of soft liners, facilitation of biofilm formation, firm colonization and hyphal invasion. In addition, the composition of the materials is also involved in the susceptibility to the fungi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1997.tb00379.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of components of resilient denture-lining materials on the growth, acid production and colonization of Candida albicans (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 22 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary Variation in the components of soft lining materials, i.e. the size of polymer particles, the ethyl alcohol content of the liquids and the type of plasticizer, were investigated with respect to their effects on the growth and colonization of Candida albicans. Inhibitory effects on fungal growth and/or acid production were found to vary depending upon the components of soft lining materials. In particular, two plasticizers, benzyl benzoate (BB) and benzyl salicylate (BS), significantly decreased the growth rate, whereas the size of polymer particle had little effect on fungal growth. Ethyl alcohol content of liquid significantly affected the fungal growth and/or acid production depending upon the plasticizer used. For instance, in the case of BS, the antifungal effect was related to ethyl alcohol contents, whereas a reverse effect was observed with benzyl n-butyl phthalate (BBP). Further examination using scanning electron microscopy revealed that Candida blastospores colonized lining materials in the following two ways depending on the plasticizers used. On the BS and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) specimen, the blastospore of this yeast associated loosely, whereas, in the case of BB, BBP and butyl phthalyl butyl glycorate (BPBG), fungal blastospore tightly and invasively colonized onto the specimens. These results clearly demonstrated a relationship between components of soft lining materials and fungal growth and colonization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1995.tb00228.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biofilm formation of Candida albicans on the surfaces of deteriorated soft denture lining materials caused by denture cleansers in vitro (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 30 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary  Candidal colonization and subsequent biofilm formation on denture materials are important in the development of pathogenesis, such as denture stomatitis. Routine use of denture cleansers is one of the most effective methods of denture plaque control, although the incompatibility of soft liners and denture cleansers cause damage to the materials. The present study, biofilm formation of Candida albicans on the surfaces of soft denture lining materials, immersed in denture cleansers for 180 days were studied. Seven commercially available soft denture lining materials, were artificially deteriorated by immersion into three commercially available denture cleansers for 180 days, and subsequent fungal growth and biofilm formation were studied by measuring pH of the media and by the use of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) analysis. Fungal biofilm formation on the deteriorated soft liners varied depending upon the combination of the soft liners and denture cleansers. Several combinations of soft liners with denture cleansers exhibited the significantly high colonization capacity as compared with each sample immersed in distilled water, used as individual controls. The relationship between the biofilm formation on the samples of each material and the surface roughness of the soft lining materials was analyzed. However, no significant correlation was observed. The results, taken together, suggested that fungal colonization could be predominantly regulated by the combination of lining material with denture cleansers. In clinical terms, our findings suggests that daily cleansing of soft lining materials with mismatched denture cleansers promoted the subsequent biofilm formation of fungi on the materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2003.01024.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in surface roughness and colour stability of soft denture lining materials caused by denture cleansers (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 30 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary  Soft denture lining materials were immersed into solutions of denture cleansers for 8 h at room temperature, and immersed into distilled water for the remainder of the 24-h period at 37 °C. Surface roughness of the soft denture lining materials was measured by contact type surface roughness instrument. For the colour stability test, soft denture lining materials were immersed in the denture cleansers as described above for 180 days. Finally, the colour changes of each material were quantitatively measured by a photometrical instrument to obtain the colour differences between newly processed specimen and immersed specimens (P 〈 0·01). An autopolymerizing silicone material, Evatouch, exhibited severe changes in surface roughness by all denture cleanser, and the generic material GC Denture Relining showed the minimal changes. Severe colour changes were also observed with some liner and cleanser combinations (P 〈 0·01). Except for Evatouth, the four silicone soft liners were more stable in surface roughness and in colour change than the two acrylic soft liners. One autopolymerizing silicone (GC denture relining) and one heat curing silicone (Molloplast B) demonstrated the best stability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2003.01014.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occlusal force distribution on the dental arch during various levels of clenching (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 26 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The purpose of this study was to explore the occlusal force distribution on the dental arch in the intercuspal position and to evaluate the relationship between the clenching strength and the occlusal force distribution. These variables were recorded using the Dental Prescale System in 16 healthy young adults. The number of tooth contacts, occlusal force and occlusal contact area increased linearly as clenching strength increased. The distribution of the occlusal force was greatest at the molar region followed by the premolar and anterior teeth region. The proportion of occlusal force (occlusal force at each region/total occlusal force) on molar regions increased as clenching strength increased. On the contrary, the proportion of occlusal force on the premolar and anterior teeth regions decreased as clenching strength increased. These findings suggest that control of occlusal force is important in diagnosis of the nature of occlusal contacts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.1999.00473.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antifungal effect of zeolite-incorporated tissue conditioner against Candida albicans growth and/or acid production (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 24 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary A new antimicrobial material, Ag-zeolite (Zeomic°), was combined with a commercial tissue conditioner (GC-Soft Liner (GC); 1–5%) and, through monitoring the pH of the growth medium, examined for effects on the in vitro growth and/or acid production of Candida albicans on protein-free and saliva-coated specimens. The effect of incorporation of this agent on the physical property of the lining material was also examined according to the ISO penetration test. Comparison studies were carried out using GC, Coe Comfort (CC) or undecylenate combined GC (1–5%) specimens. Although the pH changes in the media varied depending upon the materials on which the Candida was grown, reverse sigmoidal pH curves were observed with most samples. As compared with GC, the soft lining materials showed, to some extent, an inhibitory effect on the acid production and/or the growth of C. albicans. These inhibitory effects consisted of a delay in the onset of rapid pH decline, decreases in the rate of pH change and increases in minimum pH. In most cases, the inhibitory effects of test specimens were dose-dependent, and zeolite specimens showed a significantly higher antifungal effect, followed by CC and undecylenate-combined GC; GC showed the least antifungal effect. The inhibitory effects of these materials on fungal growth were decreased by the presence of a saliva-coat, particularly with zeolite specimens and CC. However, four of eight 5%-Zeomic° specimens still exhibited perfect growth inhibition in the presence of the salivary pellicle. Furthermore, test specimens containing 2–5% Zeomic° showed a significantly greater effect on the delay in rapid decline of pH, as compared with the other specimens examined. In addition, the significantly higher minimum pH was observed where the yeasts were grown on 4%- and 5%-Zeomic° specimens. The physical properties of all the test specimens conformed with the ISO standard as examined by penetration test. These results taken together suggest that an antimicrobial zeolite-combined tissue conditioner would be a potential aid in denture plaque control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1997.tb00339.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions between thermal cycled resilient denture lining materials, salivary and serum pellicles and Candida albicansin vitro. Part II. Effects on fungal colonization (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 27 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the present study, the growth of a single isolate of Candida albicans on saliva-, serum-coated or protein free (uncoated), thermocycled (4–70 °C for 1 min, respectively; 0, 1000 and 10 000 times) seven commercial soft lining materials were investigated, by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) analysis. In the case of control resilient liners (not thermocycled and uncoated), the fungal colonization appeared to depend upon the type of commercial resilient liner used. Thus, the lowest colonization was observed with fluoric and heat-cured silicone materials, cold-cured silicone materials, except for one product, and heat-cured acrylic resin exhibited the highest colonization capacity, and cold-cured acrylic resilient liners exhibited the intermediate. However, the fungal colonization on the materials was significantly promoted both by thermal cycling ( anova, P〈0·01) and a layer of protein coating (saliva, P〈0·01; serum, P〈0·01). These results, taken together, suggest that the ageing of the materials and the biological fluids of the host promote yeast colonization on resilient lining materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2000.00485.x
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