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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CD45 Engagement Induces L-Selectin Down-Regulation (1996)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 44 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The CD45 glycoprotein isoforms exhibit a receptor-like composition and display intracellular protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) activity. The present study links CD45 to the regulation of L-selectin (CD62L), a leucocyte glycoprotein important for extravasation and homotypic aggregation. Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) IOL1b and AICD45.2, but not GAP8.3, all of which are directed against common CD45 epitopes, were found to elicit lymphocyte L-selectin down-regulation. Lymphocyte L-selectin down-regulation in response to anti-CD45 MoAbs was enhanced by high cell density and partially antagonized by the protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor, herbimycin A. The MoAbs IOL1b, AICD45.2 and GAP8.3 recognized granulocyte-expressed CD45 but did not induce loss of L-selectin expression of granulocytes. In contrast, the CD45 PTPase inhibitor, vanadate, induced L-selectin down-regulation both in lymphocytes and granulocytes. The PTPase activation by nitric oxide (NO) or the NO-generating compound, sodium nitroprusside, did not affect L-selectin surface expression. Increased concentrations of soluble L-selectin were detected after anti-CD45 or vanadate-induced down-regulation of L-selectin surface expression. While activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) induces rapid L-selectin down-regulation of L-selectin surface expression in both lymphocytes and granulocytes, the PKC inhibitor, H 7, was also found to down-regulate lymphocyte and granulocyte L-selectin surface expression. The inhibitor H 7 synergized with vanadate in down-regulating lymphocyte L-selectin surface expression, but partially inhibited vanadate-induced granulocyte L-selectin down-regulation. The results suggest that in a cell type-specific fashion the PKC system and tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation cascades are involved in the regulation of L-selectin surface expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.1996.d01-282.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on lung surfactant replacement in respiratory distress syndrome. Rapid film formation from binary mixed liposomes
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 735 (1983), S. 215-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Keywords: Artificial surfactant ; Liposome structure ; Liposome-monolayer interaction ; Pressure-volume characteristic
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-2736(83)90296-1
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-performance liquid chromatography of adult human bronchoalveolar lavage: Assay for phospholipid lung profile
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 377 (1986), S. 79-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-4347
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378-4347(00)80763-X
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The physical principles for developing a synthetic lung surfactant (1984)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 3 (1984), S. 211-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Membrane biophysics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si discutono i princípi fisici per sviluppare un agente tensioattivo sintetico per trattare la sindrome di rischio respiratorio. Sono descritte in dettaglio la composizione e la preparazione dei lipidi del tensioattivo sintetico, e ciò porta alla conclusione che una sospensione di grandi vescicole unilamellari che consistono di dipalmitolfosfatidilcolina e di una piccola quantità di lipide non saturo è una scelta proficua.
    Abstract: Резюме Обсуждаются физические принципы разработки синтетического поверхностно-активного вещества легкого для лечения синдрома респираторного недомогания. Анализируются требования для липидного состава и приготовления синтетического поверхностно-активного вещества. Отмечается, что суспензия больших униламинарных пузырьков, состоящих, из dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine и малого количества ненасыщенных липидов, липидов, является наиболее перспективной.
    Notes: Summary The physical principles for developing a synthetic lung surfactant to treat the respiratory distress syndrome are discussed. Requirements for the lipid composition and preparation of the synthetic surfactant are detailed, leading to the conclusion that a suspension of large unilamellar vesicles consisting of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and a small amount of unsaturated lipid is a promising choice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02452213
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surfactant substitution (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 131 (1979), S. 219-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Neonatal lung ; Respiratory distress syndrome ; Phospholipids, pulmonary ; Surfactant, artificial ; Surfactant, substitution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A mixture of synthetic phospholipids containing 90% Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and 10% Dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol was tested for its suitability as surfactant substitute. Different methods of preparation were employed. The substance was studied by chromatography, Wilhelmy balance, and in rabbits after tracheal instillation during mechanical ventilation. When prepared as suspension of multilamellar liposomes in NaCl, the phospholipid samples displayed the essential surfactant features of adsorption from the subphase, spreading to a monolayer and lowering the surface tension to 3.7 dyn/cm at compression. For a dose of 2.55 μg/cm2, the stability index was 1.83±0.29. Samples prepared with ultrasound were not surface-active. Sonication also destroyed the surface-tension-lowering ability of previously active samples. No signs of local toxicity were found in the treated animals. When radioactive DPPC/DPPG was instillated into the trachea of the ventilated rabbit, autohistoradiography demonstrated radioactive material in the alveoli covering the alveolar wall with a thin layer. Provided that proper techniques of preparation and administration are employed, the phospholipids tested are a promising surfactant substitute worthy of clinical study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00444342
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Artificial surfactant in preterm rabbits with and without respiratory distress syndrome: difference of in vitro and in vivo activities (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 144 (1985), S. 195-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Artificial surfactant ; Lung phospholipids ; Premature rabbit fetus ; Respiratory distress syndrome ; Surfactant substitution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Sixty-eight rabbit fetuses of 27 days gestation were tracheotomised, artificially ventilated, and their lung mechanics studied in a body-enclosing plethysmograph. The animals were treated by tracheal instillation of natural surfactant concentrate or large unilamellar vesicles containing dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine: egg phosphatidylglycerol, 9∶1. Both preparations were highly surface active in terms of film adsorption and surface tension-lowering potential. Before treatment, the lung mechanics were analysed to indicate the presence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Controls received 0.15 M saline. Differences were found between the in vitro and in vivo activities of both preparations in some animals. In 30 preterm animals with partial lung maturity and without respiratory distress syndrome, no significant effect could be achieved with either the natural or the artificial surfactant. In 38 animals with severe RDS, the tidal volume and compliance increased markedly within 15 min of substitution of both preparations. Compliance increased to 178% of the initial value in ventilated, control animals, to 391% in animals treated with natural, and to 344% in animals treated with artificial surfactant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00451913
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decreased incidence of extra-alveolar air leakage or death prior to air leakage in high versus low rate positive pressure ventilation: Results of a randomised seven-centre trial in preterm infants (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 151 (1992), S. 904-909 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Mechanical ventilation ; Preterm infant ; Extra-alveolar air leakage ; Randomised trial
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two different ventilation techniques were compared in a seven-centre, randomised trial with 181 preterm infants up to and including 32 completed weeks gestational age, who needed mechanical ventilation because of lung disease of any type. Technique A used a constant rate (60 cycles/min), inspiratory time (IT) (0.33s) and inspiratory: expiratory ratio (I∶E) (1∶2). The tidal and minute volume was only changed by varying peak inspiratory pressure until weaning via continuous positive airway pressure. Technique B used a lower rate (30 cycles/min) with longer IT (1.0s). The I∶E ratio could be changed from 1∶1 to 2∶1 in case of hypoxaemia. Chest X-rays taken at fixed intervals were evaluated by a paediatric radiologist and a neonatologist unaware of the type of ventilation used in the patients. A reduction of at least 20% in extra-alveolar air leakage (EAL) or death prior to EAl was supposed in infants ventilated by method A. A sequential design was used to test this hypothesis. The null hypothesis was rejected (P=0.05) when the 22nd untied pair was completed. The largest reduction in EAL (−55%) was observed in the subgroup 31–32 weeks of gestation and none in the most immature group (〈28 weeks). We conclude that in preterm infants requiring mechanical ventilation for any reason of lung insufficiency, ventilation at 60 cycles/min and short IT (0.33s) significantly reduces EAL or prior death compared with 30 cycles/min and a longer IT of 1s. We speculate that a further increase in rate and reduction of IT would also lower the risk of barotrauma in the most immature and susceptible infants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01954127
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased cerebral blood flow velocities in newborn infants of smoking mothers (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 152 (1993), S. 232-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Cerebral arteries ; Blood flow velocity ; Newborn infant ; Tobacco smoke ; Pregnancy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cerebral blood flow velocities (CBFV) were measured by the pulsed Doppler method in 41 infants of smoking mothers and in 59 apparently healthy control infants. Although gestational age, birth weight, and systolic blood pressure were lower in infants exposed to tobacco smoke prenatally, systolic (65±11 vs. 47±12 cm/s, mean ±SD;P〈0.001), mean (36±6 vs. 25±6 cm/s;P〈0.001), and diastolic (17±4 vs 13±4 cm/s;P〈0.001) CBFVs in the anterior cerebral artery were significantly higher when compared to control infants. Similar differences were seen in the internal carotid and in the basilar arteries. Multiple regression analysis did not reveal differences other than maternal smoking to explain these observations. We conclude that prenatal tobacco smoke exposure is related to increased CBFVs in newborn infants. Further studies should determine whether this relation is not only statistical but causal and whether increased CBFVs are an indicator of prolonged effects of prenatal tobacco smoke exposure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01956151
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blood sampling in very low birth weight infants receiving different levels of intensive care (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 147 (1988), S. 399-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Anaemia, non-physiological ; preterm infant ; Diagnostic blood sampling ; Blood transfusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Sixty very low birth weight infants (birth weight 560–1450g) were studied during the first 28 days of life. The infants were classified as group A (n=19 infants who never required ventilator support), group B (n=20 infants mechanically ventilated for minor respiratory problems), and group C (n=21 infants ventilated for respiratory distress syndrome). Diagnostic blood sampling was measured, infants were checked for clinical symptoms and laboratory signs of anaemia 24 h before and after the transfusion of packed red cells. A total of 7998 punctures (average: 4.8 per infant per day) were performed, the mean blood loss due to diagnostic sampling was 50.3 ml/kg per 28 days (range 7–142) for all infants. A high correlation (r s=+0.91) was found between the blood volumes sampled and transfused. In group A, the mean blood loss was 24 ml/kg, and a total of 29 blood transfusions were administered. The most frequent symptoms of anaemia were poor weight gain and apnoeic spells. In group B, the mean blood loss was 60 ml/kg and a total of 97 blood transfusions were administered. In group C, the mean blood loss was 67 ml/kg and a total of 116 blood transfusions were administered. In both groups B and C, poor weight gain, pallor and distended abdomen were the most frequent symtoms of anaemia. Following the blood transfusion, haematocrit rose and blood pressure remained unchanged. The symptoms that responded most favourably to the blood transfusion were: poor weight gain, oxygen requirement, and distended abdomen. The results emphasize the need for miniaturizing laboratory techniques and monitoring blood sampling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00496419
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surfactant protein A in the course of respiratory distress syndrome (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 151 (1992), S. 596-600 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Respiratory distress syndrome ; Surfactant protein A
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Surfactant-associated protein (SP-A) was measured in tracheal aspirates of ventilated infants with (n=51) and without (n=21) respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). SP-A concentrations in samples collected after birth were significantly lower in RDS than in infants ventilated for other reasons than RDS (median 0.03 vs. 1.60 μg/ml). As a biochemical test to diagnose RDS early after birth, the sensitivity of measuring SP-A in tracheal aspirates was 87% and specificity 81%. SP-A content in tracheal aspirates of infants with RDS was monitored during the first 7 days of life. A significant (P〈0.001) increase within the first 4 days was found in those infants who survived, whereas no such change was found in those infants who died.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01957730
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