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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 49 (1971), S. 1305-1314 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Uremie osteopathy ; osteitis fibrosa ; osteomalacia ; vitamin D-resistance ; parathyroid hormone ; autonomous hyperparathyroidism ; Ca ; metabolic acidosis ; Urämische Osteopathie ; Ostitis fibrosa ; Osteomalacie ; Vitamin D-Resistenz ; Parathormon ; tertiärer Hyperparathyreoidismus ; Ca ; metabolische Acidose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der urämischen Osteopathie liegt histologisch das Mischbild einer Ostitis fibrosa und einer Osteomalacie zugrunde. Die mikromorphormetrisch gemessenen Parameter des Knochenumsatzes sind verändert; die radiokinetisch gemessene Ca-Umsatzrate ist — je nach Ausmaß der Ostitis fibrosa — verzögert bis hochgradig beschleunigt; der Osteocyten-Stoffwechsel zeigt typische Abweichungen. Ca-Absorption und -ausscheidung sind vermindert, die Ca-Bilanz ausgeglichen bis leicht negativ. Die metabolische Acidose kann für die Osteopathie nicht verantwortlich gemacht werden. Das zentrale Problem der urämischen Ostcopathie ist die verminderte Ansprechbarkeit des Skelets auf physiologische Vitamin D-Dosen. Ob diesem Verhalten ein gestörter Vitamin D-Stoffwechsel, möglicherweise infolge des Ausfalls von Metabolisierungsschritten in der Niere, oder eine verminderte Ansprechbarkeit der Erfolgsorgane zugrunde liegt, kann noch nicht entschieden werden. Parathyreoidea-Zellmasse und Serumparathormonspiegel sind bei terminaler Niereninsuffizienz ausnahmslos erhöht. Adäquater Sekretionsreiz für Parathormon sind lediglich Erniedrigung von Ca und Mg, nicht dagegen Erhöhung des Phosphat. Die Verminderung der renalen Ausscheidung und Metabolisierung von PTH ist ohne besondere Bedeutung. Die parathormonähnliche Aktivität verhält sich gegenüber Standardantiseren heterogen. Die Hypercalcämie bei Urämie (oder die Hypercalcämie und Ostitis fibrosa nach Nierentransplantation) wird als sog. autonomer oder tertiärer Hyperparathyroidismus bezeichnet. Die urämische Osteopathie ist eine häufige Komplikation der Dauerdialyse. Die Wahl einer adäquaten, die PTH-Sekretion supprimierenden Bad-Ca-Konzentration, die Senkung des Serumphosphors mit Aluminiumhydroxyd sowie möglicherweise auch die Vitamin D-Therapie und perorale Ca-Supplementation sind zur Kontrolle der klinischen Symptome entscheidend. Bei Hypercalcämie und progredienter Ostitis fibrosa ist die selektive oder totale Parathyreoidektomie indiziert.
    Notes: Summary Histological changes in uremic osteopathy are characterised by both dissecting fibroosteoclasia and osteomalacia. Turn-over of Ca is slightly diminished or increased. Absorption and urinary excretion of Ca are decreased, Ca balance is in equilibrium or slightly negative. Metabolic acidosis is not responsible for uremic osteopathy. The central problem seems to be the diminished responsiveness of the skeleton to physiological doses of Vitamin D. This might be due to a disturbance of the vitamin D-metabolism, possibly caused by deficient metabolisation of vitamin D in the kidney. Serum parathyroid hormone levels are consistently increased in terminal renal insufficiency. The elevation is caused by a decrease of Ca and not by an increase of serum phosphate. Diminished renal excretion and immunological heterogeneity of PTH are discussed. Autonomous hyperparathyroidism is assumed to exist in cases with hypercalcaemia (or with hypercalcaemia and osteitis fibrosa after renal transplantation). However, serum PTH can in most cases be suppressed by rising serum Ca; genuine autonomy is rare. Uremic osteopathy is a frequent complication in maintenance hemodialysis. Clinical symptoms are controllable by using an adequate calcium-concentration in the dialysate suppress PTH secretion, by serum phosphorus depletion with aluminium hydroxyde and possibly also by vitamin D therapy and oral administration of Ca. In cases with hypercalcaemia and progressive osteitis fibrosa, subtotal or total parathyroidectomy is indicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 56 (1978), S. 755-759 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Knochenhistologie urämischer Osteopathie ; Calciumstoffwechsel ; metabolische Knochenerkrankungen ; Mikromorphometrie ; Bone ; Metabolic Bone Disease ; Uremic Osteodystrophy ; Calcium Metabolism ; Malignant Tumors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary It is unknown whether histomorphometric parameters of bone surface remodelling change uniformly throughout the skeleton in metabolic bone disease. In patients without skeletal disease (n=8), in patients with chronic renal failure (n=13) and in patients with malignant tumors (n=11), post mortem bone samples were taken from the core of the 5th lumbar vertebra, from the iliac crest, from the femural head and from the interepicondylar portion of the distal femur. Histomorphometric analysis was carried out in undecalcified sections stained after Masson-Goldner. The dispersion of histomorphometric parameters between the different skeletal sites (cancellous bone) was evaluated by analysis of variance. There existed marked differences in the surface extension of the histomorphometric parameters which are related to bone remodelling, suggesting marked differences in the local remodelling rates (iliac crest 〉 lumbar vertebra 〉 femural head 〉 distal femur). In patients with bone disease all histomorphometric parameters changed uniformly throughout the skeleton with the exception of inactive osteoid. The study shows that in metabolic bone disease local factors do not interfere with remodelling in response to systemic factors. It also provides evidence that bone biopsy samples from iliac crest spongiosa reflect with reasonable accuracy the changes occurring elsewhere in the skeleton, although inactive osteoid may accumulate in the iliac crest out of proportion to its increase in low-turnover sites.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei skelettgesunden Kontrollpersonen (n=8), bei Patienten mit chronischer Niereninsuffizienz (n=13) und bei Patienten mit malignen Tumoren (n=11) wurden post mortem Knochenbiopsie-Proben aus dem 5. Lendenwirbelkörper, aus dem Bekkenkamm, aus dem Femurkopf und aus dem interepikondylären Teil des distalen Femur entnommen. Unentkalkte, nach Masson-Goldner gefärbte Dünnschnitte wurden histomorphometrisch untersucht. Die Varianz einzelner histomorphometrischer Parameter zwischen den unterschiedlichen Skelettorten wurde durch Varianzanalyse überprüft. Die histomorphometrischen Parameter, welche in Beziehung zum inneren Knochenumbau stehen, waren in den einzelnen Skelettorten außerordentlich unterschiedlich. Die lokalen Umbauraten differieren daher wahrscheinlich stark (Beckenkamm 〉 Lendenwirbelkörper 〉 Femurkopf 〉 distaler Femur). Bei Patienten mit Knochenerkrankungen änderten sich alle histomorphometrischen Parameter gleichsinnig an allen untersuchten Skelettorten. Lediglich die Volumendichte und die Oberflächendichte inaktiven Osteoids zeigte in den einzelnen Skelettorten ein signifikant unterschiedliches Verhalten. Die Untersuchung belegt, daß bei systemischen Knochenerkrankungen lokale Faktoren nicht die Antwort des Skeletts auf systemische Stimuli beeinträchtigen. Die Messergebnisse belegen, daß Knochenbiopsie-Proben aus der Beckenkammspongiosa mit hinreichender Genauigkeit die Vorgänge widerspiegeln, die in anderen Skelettorten ablaufen. Lediglich für inaktives Osteoid konnte bei urämischen Patienten gezeigt werden, daß in der Beckenkammspongiosa eine — im Vergleich zu Skelettorten mit niedrigerer Umbaugeschwindigkeit — überproportioniert starke Akumulation stattfindet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 49 (1971), S. 113-115 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei rachitischen, niereninsuffizienten Ratten wurde die O2-abhängige Calcium-Akkumulation in der Duodenalmucosa und die Breite der primären Verkalkungszone der Tibiaepiphyse (Line-Test) nach peroraler Gabe von Vitamin D2 gemessen. Ein vermindertes Ansprechen auf Vitamin D (Vitamin D-Resistenz) bei Niereninsuffizienz konnte durch Aufstellen der Dosiswirkungskurve nachgewiesen werden. Die verminderte Remineralisation des urämischen Skelets (primäre Verkalkung des Epiphysenknorpels und Mineralisation des Osteoids) war nicht die Folge des verminderten intestinalen Calcium-Transportes, da sie auch bei hungernden Tieren auftrat; desgleichen konnte eine verminderte Mineralisation des urämischen Skelets selbst bei Vorliegen einer Hypercalcämie noch nachgewiesen werden.
    Notes: Summary The O2 dependent calcium accumulation in duodenal mucosa and the width of the zone of provisional calcification of tibiae (line test) were measured in rachitic rats with renal insufficiency after an oral dose of vitamin D2. As shown by the lodgose response curves, vitamin D produced a diminished response (vitamin D refractoriness) at all dose levels tested. Diminished remineralisation of the skeleton in renal insufficiency (both provisional calcification of cartilage and mineralisation of osteoid) was not due to decreased intestinal calcium absorption and was even observed in the presence of hypercalcaemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 131 (1979), S. 219-228 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Neonatal lung ; Respiratory distress syndrome ; Phospholipids, pulmonary ; Surfactant, artificial ; Surfactant, substitution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A mixture of synthetic phospholipids containing 90% Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and 10% Dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol was tested for its suitability as surfactant substitute. Different methods of preparation were employed. The substance was studied by chromatography, Wilhelmy balance, and in rabbits after tracheal instillation during mechanical ventilation. When prepared as suspension of multilamellar liposomes in NaCl, the phospholipid samples displayed the essential surfactant features of adsorption from the subphase, spreading to a monolayer and lowering the surface tension to 3.7 dyn/cm at compression. For a dose of 2.55 μg/cm2, the stability index was 1.83±0.29. Samples prepared with ultrasound were not surface-active. Sonication also destroyed the surface-tension-lowering ability of previously active samples. No signs of local toxicity were found in the treated animals. When radioactive DPPC/DPPG was instillated into the trachea of the ventilated rabbit, autohistoradiography demonstrated radioactive material in the alveoli covering the alveolar wall with a thin layer. Provided that proper techniques of preparation and administration are employed, the phospholipids tested are a promising surfactant substitute worthy of clinical study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    International Journal of Radiation Applications & Instrumentation. Part 37 (1986), S. 741-747 
    ISSN: 0883-2889
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-7276
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 362 (1974), S. 129-143 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The epiphyseal growth plate of femora (proximal and distal), tibiae, radii and ulnae of seven uremic children were studied to clarify the histopathogenesis of epiphyseolysis. Epiphyseolysis was found to be result of three different processes: (1) growth arrest, (2) excessive erosion of the growth cartilage and of the trabeculae of metaphyseal spongiosa and (3) disturbance of vascularisation of hypertrophic cartilage. By resorptive destruction, secondary hyperparathyroidism causes loss of the chondro-osseous continuity. The ordered trajectoral pattern of the trabeculae in the primary spongiosa is transformed into a dense lace of mechanically inferior trabeculae consisting of woven bone. Impairment of primary mineralization could not be demonstrated. Intensive subperiosteal osteoclastic resorption leads to a reduction of metaphyseal width and to fractures of the unsupported lateral parts of the growth cartilage. There were notable differences between the growth plates in different localisations: in growth plates subjected to axial compression (distal femur, tibia) signs of growth arrest prevailed (reduction of hypertrophic cartilage, occlusion of the growth plate by a transverse plate of bone); in growth plates subjected to shearing forces (upper femur, radius, ulna) epiphyses were seen to slip sideway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 370 (1976), S. 55-68 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Differential counts and electron microscopical studies of osteocytes were performed on rats immobilized by spinal cord severing, plaster cast and ischiatic nerive dissection. In undecalcified ground sections of tibia and femur (100 micron) stained wtth basic fuchsin, osteocytes were differentiated into small (metabolically inactive) osteocy es enlarged (metabolically activated) osteocytes and empty lacunae. In rats (immobilizedfor' three weeks) with functioning parathyroid glands, but not after parathyroidectomy, the number of activated cells is markedly increased, whereas the number of small osteocytes is reduced. In animals with spinal cord severing the number of empty lacunae is also increased. Electron microscopical studies of undecalcified tibiae taken from rats immobilized for ten days showed a periosteocytic osteolysis with destruction of the lacunar wall, fragmentation of collagen fibres and loss of mineral crystals. The cytoplasmic seams of osteocytes were broadened, mitochondria were enlarged, and the cytoplasma showed vacuoles containing amorphous material which could be found in the pericellular space. Deep invaginations of the cytoplasma and an increase of the cell processes were typical findings. The results of the investigation point to an activation of osteocyte metabolism by immobilization. The osteocytes thus play an important part at the onset of immobilization osteoporosis. Periosteocytic osteolysis can be inhibited by parathyroidectomy. Therefore, the response of osteocytes to endogenous parathyroid hormone must be altered under conditions of immobilization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 366 (1975), S. 249-256 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In femoral cortical bone of 16 uremic patients with long standing renal insufficiency an increased fraction of woven bone was found both in Haversian and in interstitial bone. Either partly resorbed Haversian systems were replaced by non lamellar woven bone or single Haversian systems showed partly well organized lamellar bone and partly disorganized non lamellar texture without signs of antecedent resorption. The replacement of lamellar bone by woven bone was measured morphometrically in undecalcified ground sections. Woven bone was defined by its lack of structural birefringence under polarized light. In advanced cases of secondary hyperparathyroidism more than 60% of cortical bone were composed of woven bone. The substitution of immature less organized woven bone for mature well organized lamellar bone has important implications for the biomechanical properties of the skeleton.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 381 (1979), S. 211-222 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Ameloblastoma ; Metastases ; Light and Electron Microscopy ; Children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of a 5 1/2 years old boy with a plexiform ameloblastoma of the jaw is reported. 6 years after resection of the primary tumor metastases developed in a lymph node at the left side of the neck and in both lungs. Thoracotomy revealed many small metastases spread all over the lungs. Light and electron microscopical studies of the primary tumor showed a typical plexiform ameloblastoma without signs of malignancy. In the metastases, however, these studies revealed the histological criteria of a malignant tumor with marked pleomorphism of tumor cells, increase of heterochromatin, enlargement of nucleoli and invagination of nuclear membranes. After enucleation of two metastases and therapy with cytostatic agents for several months no further metastases have been observed within a period of 6 years. Comparative light and electron microscopic studies of both primary tumor and metastases demonstrate that there are no histological criteria to identify the primary tumor as a malignant ameloblastoma. Ameloblastoma with distant metastases is a rare tumor in children, this case is only the third reported in the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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