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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occupational dimethylformamide exposure (1992)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 63 (1992), S. 461-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Alcohol intolerance ; Dimethylformamide ; Hematology ; Liver function ; Serum biochemistry ; Subjective symptoms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A factory survey was conducted in a plant whereN,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) was in use during the production of polyurethan plastics and related materials. In all, 318 DMF-exposed workers (195 men and 123 women) and 143 non-exposed controls (67 men and 76 women) were examined for time-weighted average exposure (to DMF and other solvents by diffusive sampling), hematology, serum biochemistry, subjective symptoms, and clinical signs. Most of the exposed workers were exposed only to DMF, whereas others were exposed to a combination of DMF and toluene. DMF exposure in the former group was up to 7.0 ppm (geometric mean on a workshop basis), whereas it was up to 2.1 ppm in combination with 4.2 ppm toluene. Both hematology and serum biochemistry, results (including aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and amylase) were essentially comparable among the 3 groups. There was, however, a dose-dependent increase in subjective symptoms, especially during work, and in digestive system-related symptoms such as nausea and abdominal pain in the past 3-month period. The prevalence rate of alcohol intolerance complaints among male (assumedly) social drinkers was also elevated in relation to DMF dose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00572112
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blood lead and cadmium in a general population in Jinan City, China (1993)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 65 (1993), S. S201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Blood ; Cadmium ; General populations ; Lead
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 1991, blood samples were obtained from 150 adult Jinan citizens (74 men and 76 women at the ages of 20 to 57 years) who had no known occupational exposure to heavy metals. Age, sex, two social habits of smoking and drinking (in terms of daily consumption) and negative occupational history were examined in a medical interview. The samples were analyzed for lead (Pb-B) and cadmium (Cd-B) with a flame atomic absorption spectrometer. The geometric mean (GM) Pb-B and Cd-B were 92.3 and 0.94 μg/l, respectively, among 39 nonsmoking men, whereas the counterpart values were 123.4 μg/l and 2.61 μg/l among 35 smoking men (mean consumption; 〉15 cigarettes/day); the difference was significant both for Pb-B and Cd-B. Comparison between 39 male and 76 female nonsmokers showed that Pb-B was significantly higher in men (92.3 μg/l) than in women (71.6 μg/l, whereas the difference in Cd-B (0.941μg/l) for men versus 0.83 μg/l; for women) was insignificant. When the women were classified by decade of age and Cd-B were compared, there was a trend of age-dependent increase in Cd-B from 0.60 μg/l in 20s to 1.24 μg/l in 40s, followed by no further increase at higher ages. Age-dependent changes were not remarkable in Pb-B in women, or Cd-B and Pb-B in men. No significant time-dependent changes were observed when the present results were compared with the results from two similar studies conducted in 1983 and 1985, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00381341
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Background exposure of urban populations to lead and cadmium: comparison between China and Japan (1997)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 69 (1997), S. 273-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Lead ; Cadmium ; Food ; Blood ; Chinese women ; Japanese women
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: To assess and compare the background exposure of the general population to lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in China and in Japan. Methods: Food duplicates and peripheral blood samples were collected from nonoccupationally exposed subjects, viz 202 Chinese women in four Chinese cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Nanning, and Tainan) and 72 Japanese women in three Japanese cities (Tokyo, Kyoto, and Sendai) in the years 1993–1995. Wet-ashing and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric methods were used for the determination of Pb and Cd levels in food and blood samples. Results: Geometric mean (GM) dietary Pb intake (25.8 μg/day) and the GM Pb concentration in blood (56.7 μg/l) in Chinese were significantly higher than in Japanese women (11.6 μg/day in food and 32.1 μg/l in blood), whereas Cd in food (32.1 μg/day) and Cd in blood (1.92 μg/l) in Japanese were significantly higher than in Chinese women (9.9 μg/day in food and 1.07 μg/l in blood). The intake of Pb and Cd via boiled rice accounted for 3.6% and 31.1% of the total dietary burden in Chinese, and 12.1% and 32.7% in Japanese, respectively. The Cd burden was acquired almost exclusively through the dietary route, whereas the Pb burden came from both air and food, especially in the case of the Chinese population. Conclusions:  The background Pb exposure in the Chinese population was higher than that in the Japanese population, whereas Cd exposure was lower in Chinese women than in their Japanese counterparts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004200050147
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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