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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 5199-5203 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films were deposited on polymeric substrates at room temperature by dc reactive magnetron sputtering from an In–Sn (90–10 wt%) alloy target. The electrical, optical, and mechanical properties of ITO films on various substrates such as polycarbonate, acrylic, polyethylene terephthalate, and glass are influenced sensitively by sputtering parameters. Therefore, the dependence of these properties on dc power, working pressure, and partial oxygen content has been systematically investigated. Low dc power was applied to avoid the deformation of polymeric substrates. The electrical resistivity of as-deposited ITO films decreases initially and then increases as oxygen partial pressure (PO2) increases. The optical transmittance at visible wavelength of 550 nm was as much as 85%. The friction force of as-deposited ITO films on various substrates is increased with an increase of dc power, and behaves similarly to the optimum curve of resistivity with increasing PO2. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Since the advent of psoralen-ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy, the value of plasma 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) concentrations to predict PUVA-induced erythema has been widely investigated. Plasma 8-MOP concentrations have not been proportional to, and cannot alone predict, the degree of PUVA-induced erythema. We assumed that PUVA-induced erythema was related more closely to psoralen concentrations in the skin tissue rather than those within blood vessels. This study was designed to investigate the correlations between the 8-MOP concentrations in suction blister fluid (SBF) and in plasma, with the degree of PUVA-induced erythema. 8-MOP concentrations in plasma and SBF were measured in 15 vitiligo patients and 11 volunteers. Blood and SBF samples were collected 2 h after taking 8-MOP, and 8-MOP concentrations in plasma and SBF were quantified using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Eleven volunteers were phototested using a series of doses of ultraviolet A at the time of sampling. The erythema responses were estimated visually to determine the minimal phototoxic dose (MPD). SBF 8-MOP concentrations showed a weak positive correlation with plasma 8-MOP concentrations, which means that we could not predict the exact SBF 8-MOP concentrations using the plasma 8-MOP concentrations. The MPD showed a better correlation with the log of the SBF 8-MOP concentration than with that of the plasma 8-MOP concentration. These results show that plasma 8-MOP concentration cannot represent the exact SBF 8-MOP concentration, and that SBF 8-MOP concentrations, which are representative of the skin tissue 8-MOP level, are more closely related to the erythemal sensitivity during PUVA therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 1256-1262 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The optical activation, excitation, and concentration limits of erbium in crystal Si are studied. Preamorphized surface layers of Czochralski-grown (Cz) Si(100), containing 1.7×1018 O/cm3, were implanted with 250 keV Er at fluences in the range 8×1011–8×1014 cm−2. After thermal solid-phase epitaxy of the Er-doped amorphous layers at 600 °C, Er is trapped in the crystal at concentrations ranging from 3×1016 to 7×1019 Er/cm3, as measured by secondary-ion-mass spectrometry. Photoluminescence spectra taken at 77 K show the characteristic Er3+ intra-4f luminescence at 1.54 μm. Photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy shows that Er is excited through a photocarrier-mediated process. Rapid thermal annealing at 1000 °C for 15 s increases the luminescence intensity, mainly due to an increase in minority-carrier lifetime, which enhances the excitation efficiency. Luminescent Er forms clusters with oxygen: the maximum Er concentration that can be optically activated is determined by the O content, and is (3±1)×1017 Er/cm3 in Cz-Si. The internal quantum efficiency for electrical excitation of Er in Cz-Si is larger than 3×10−6. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 70 (1997), S. 2344-2346 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A method to estimate the spontaneous emission factor β is proposed and applied to the 780 nm oxidized vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. The proportionality of the measured cavity loss multiplied by optical power to injected current is used. Our results agree better with theoretical calculations than those of conventional light-current curve fitting. The spontaneous emission factor of 0.0021 is obtained for a 2-μm-square device at room temperature. Since only the below-threshold information of cavity loss and output power are used in our method, the obtained β values are independent of any complex and unexpected above-threshold effects such as thermally induced mode-size contraction, as they should be. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A GaAs/AlAs microcavity containing six InGaAs quantum wells was grown, and the sample was then etched via chemically-assisted ion-beam etching to form 50-μm-diam cylindrical mesas. The formation of native oxides, accomplished by baking the samples at 400 °C in the presence of a pressurized N2/H2O vapor line, lowered the refractive index of the AlAs layers to 1.5. The higher refractive index contrast more effectively confined the intracavity field, leading to well-resolved reflectivity dips with an exciton-polariton splitting of 6.72 nm=9.44 meV at room temperature. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 70 (1997), S. 2652-2654 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effect of carrier diffusion on threshold current is studied quantitatively for the oxide-aperturbed 780 nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL) from the measured spontaneous emission. The oxide aperture size of 2–10 μm is prepared and characterized. The diffusion coefficient of 4.6 cm2/s and the nonradiative recombination coefficient of 6.8×107/s are obtained using the independence of the nonradiative recombination coefficient on the laser aperture size. The contribution of carrier diffusion loss is 42% of the threshold current for the 2 μm VCSEL. The relative contribution of the diffusion becomes smaller for the larger devices as is expected. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 2180-2182 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Anomalously large decrease in spontaneous emission is observed in gain-guided vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers after the onset of lasing. By analyzing two-dimensional profiles of the lasing mode and carrier density, we found that this unexpected phenomenon originates from the contraction of transverse lasing mode size. Under the condition of the constant modal gain, it is explained that the above-threshold average carrier density could decrease in contradiction to the general understanding. Unless this anomalous effect is taken into account properly, nontrivial errors could occur in determination of the external quantum efficiency. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 69 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : A recently reported, miniaturized method can simultaneously enumerate 4 critical indicator microorganisms in 24 h on a single 96-well microtiter plate, and is a convenient monitoring system for ensuring food plant hygiene. However, the utility of this method is limited by the necessity of plates being freshly prepared prior to each use. This study was undertaken to develop a method that would permit these plates to be prepared and stored in a stable form that could be conveniently used later. A microtiter plate filled with media dedicated to enumerating 4 specific classes of bacteria was freeze-dried. A given series was dedicated to enumerating either, total mesophilic bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, coliform bacteria, or Escherichia coli. Freeze-dried plates were reconstituted simply by adding 100 μL of sterile water to each well. After adding samples, two-fold serial dilutions were performed, and the plate was incubated for 24 h at 32 °C. Growth of 4 indicator microorganisms was detected in each series using metabolic indicators. The numerical estimates that these procedures yielded correlated very closely with numbers gained from conventional spread-plating methods (r2 〉 0.90). Additionally, the estimates obtained from liquid media microtiter plates and freeze-dried media plates showed a significantly strong relationship (r2 〉 0.92). Analysis of commercial ground beef showed a highly associated relationship (r2 〉 0.94) between the liquid four-culture and freeze-dried four-culture plate methods. The greatly enhanced facility of using premanufactured, freeze-dried microtiter plates would make this a most convenient way to perform microbial food quality analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Although many chronic cough patients have complained of an induced cough by cold air contact, the clinical relevance of cold air to inducing a cough and the diagnostic value of a hyperpnea with cold air (HCA) challenge to detect a hyperreactive cough reflex have not yet been investigated.Methods: Recordings of cough counts after a 2-min HCA challenge were performed in 49 chronic cough patients and 15 healthy controls. Capsaicin cough provocation tests, which determine the threshold concentration of capsaicin that induces five or more consecutive coughs (C5), were also administered.Results: After comparing the results from the capsaicin cough provocation tests of the patients and the controls, the chronic cough patients were divided into two groups: an increased cough sensitivity (ICS) group (n = 28) (C5 〈 32 μmol/l) and a normal cough sensitivity (NCS) group (n = 21) (C5 ≥ 32 μmol/l). The median value of induced cough counts after a HCA challenge was 11 coughs in patients with ICS and was a significantly enhanced cough response compared to that of the patients with NCS and healthy controls (four coughs, respectively).Conclusions: A simple cough provocation test using a HCA challenge may be useful for detecting ICS. It also suggests that hyperreactive cough reflexes may be one of the mechanisms of inducing chronic cough.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: RT–PCR amplification of tumour-specific mRNA has been used for the detection of cancer cells in peripheral blood.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aim:To evaluate the characteristics of the tumour specific mRNA species in peripheral blood of stomach cancer patients.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:We analysed CEA, GalNAc-T, MUC-1, c-MET and hTERT mRNA expression in the stomach cancer cell lines and tissues, lymph nodes and peripheral blood of stomach cancer patients using RT–PCR.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:In RT–PCR analysis of the peripheral blood, 4%, 8%, 21%, 46%, and 100% of stomach cancer patients were positive for CEA, GalNAc-T, c-MET, hTERT and MUC-1 mRNA, respectively, but MUC-1 mRNA was also positive in all normal blood samples. The detection of hTERT mRNA was correlated with poor differentiation (P=0.01) and lymph node metastasis (P=0.009). The presence of c-MET mRNA was correlated with T stage (P=0.025), lymph node metastasis (P=0.036), distant metastasis (P=0.031), and stage of the stomach cancer (P=0.023).〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:Our study suggest that hTERT mRNA in peripheral blood can be a molecular marker for gastric cancer. We also showed that each molecular marker can be correlated with the clinicopathological features of the patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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