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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ferromagnetic resonance studies of Fe16N2 films with a giant magnetic moment : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6060-6062 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The g factor and 4π Ms for epitaxially grown Fe16N2(001)/In0.2Ga0.8As(001) films have been investigated by ferromagnetic resonance along with Fe films for comparison. Angular dependence of the resonance fields in the film plane of Fe16N2 films had four-fold symmetry, which was attributed to the in-plane anisotropy. The g factor for Fe16N2 films was about 2.0, which means that the magnetic moment originates mainly from spin. Thus, nothing unusual is seen about the g factor. The g factor for Fe films was about 2.1, which is very similar to the value reported previously. 4πMs values for Fe16N2 and Fe films were 2.8×104 and 2.1×104 G, respectively, which agree well with the previous data obtained by a vibrating sample magnetometer. This confirmed that Fe16N2 has a giant magnetic moment. Torque magnetometer measurements showed that Fe16N2 films have a larger perpendicular anisotropy of 7.8×106 erg/cm3, which can originate from its bct structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353469
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Overwrite performance for high-coercivity particulate media (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 5355-5357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A model of overwrite based on anisotropy field distributions of particles has been proposed for γFe2O3 and Co-γFe2O3 high-coercivity particulate media. In this model, overwrite is determined by the ratio of the number of nonreversed particles to the total number of particles. The magnitude and angle distributions of the anisotropy field were obtained by torque magnetometer measurements. From these observed distributions, switching field distributions of the particles were derived using the curling model for an infinite cylinder. The write field of thin-film heads was calculated using a finite element method. The nonreversal ratio in the medium was given by both the switching and the write fields. The calculated overwrite values were obtained from this ratio and were found to be in good agreement with the measured ones. This model was valid for the media which differed in the distributions of the anisotropy field. The overwrite performance can be improved by narrowing the anisotropy field distributions of the particles in the media.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344609
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Giant magnetic moment and other magnetic properties of epitaxially grown Fe16N2 single-crystal films (invited) : The 5th Joint MMM−Intermag Conference (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 5977-5982 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Single-crystal Fe16N2 films have been grown epitaxially on Fe(001)/InGaAs(001) and InGaAs(001) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Saturation flux density Bs of Fe16N2 films has been demonstrated to be 2.8–3.0 T at room temperature, which is very close to the value obtained by Kim and Takahashi using polycrystalline evaporated Fe–N films. Temperature dependence of Bs has been measured. Bs changed with temperature reversibly up to 400 °C, while beyond 400 °C, Bs decreased irreversibly. X-ray diffraction showed that Fe16N2 crystal is stable up to 400 °C, while beyond 400 °C, Fe16N2 dissolves into Fe and Fe4N, and also some chemical reactions between Fe16N2 and the substrate occurs. This caused the temperature dependence of Bs mentioned above. From the temperature dependence of Bs up to 400 °C, the Curie temperature of Fe16N2 is estimated to be around 540 °C by using the Langevin function. The above mentioned Bs of 2.9 T at room temperature and 3.2 T at −268 °C corresponded to an average magnetic moment of 3.2μB per Fe atom and 3.5μB, respectively. These values of the magnetic moment of Fe atoms are literally giant, far beyond the Slater–Pauling curves. The origin of the giant magnetic moment has been discussed based on the calculation carried out by Sakuma. However, there was a significant disagreement between experimental values and calculated ones, so the origin remained to be clarified. Also, magneto-crystalline anisotropy of Fe16N2 films has been investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.350067
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning Lorentz electron microscope with high resolution and observation of bit profiles recorded on sputtered longitudinal media (invited) : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5811-5815 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A transmission electron microscope operating with a cold field emission source has been modified to facilitate differential phase contrast mapping and applied to the observation of microscopic magnetic features appearing in recorded longitudinal media. After describing the design and performance of the scanning Lorentz electron microscope, as we call it, results on the observation of bit patterns delineated on Co-based sputtered longitudinal media are presented. Relations of observed bit profiles to macroscopic magnetic properties of media and to device performance are discussed. Then, magnetization fluctuation on a scale of magnetic crystallites constituting the medium is examined. Also given is an account of a stray field effect inherent in hard magnetic materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353534
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic properties and read/write characteristics of Co-Cr-(Pt,Ta)/ (Cr-Ti,Cr) thin film media : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5569-5571 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A Cr-Ti underlayer is found to enhance the in-plane coercive forces of Co-Cr-Pt and Co-Cr-Ta films; the maximum coercive force was 3.5 kOe for (CoCr0.15)0.84Pt0.16/CrTi0.2. The crystallites of Cr-Ti grow in a more highly oriented and uniform manner than ones of Cr, and their lattice spacings are closer to those of Co alloys than Cr, improving the epitaxial growth of Co-alloy crystallites with c-axis in-plane oriented components on the Cr-Ti underlayer. The crystalline anisotropy constant of Co-Cr-Pt with a high Pt concentration is found by torque measurement to be larger than that of Co-Cr-Ta. These can produce extremely high coercive forces in Co-Cr-Pt/Cr-Ti. The C/Co-Cr-Pt/Cr-Ti thin film media with high coercive forces show excellent read/write characteristics; the linear densities at 50% signal drop are very high, 175 and 101 kFCI, for the C/Co-Cr-Pt/Cr-Ti media at head-to-magnetic layer spacings of 0.01 and 0.07 μm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353653
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relaxation process of the uniaxial anisotropy of Co-Zr amorphous films (abstract) (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 5142-5142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thin film heads made of Co-based amorphous films with high saturation magnetization were reported to have superior capabilities for high-density magnetic recording.1 However, it was found that the uniaxial anisotropy is changed during head fabrication processes. In this study, we investigate the relaxation process of the uniaxial anisotropy of sputtered Co-Zr amorphous films. 1-μm-thick Co-Zr films of 1.4 T were prepared by rf sputtering. Uniaxial anisotropy was induced by the magnetic field of 50 Oe during deposition. After deposition, annealing was performed in the dc field of 500 Oe applied parallel to the easy axis of the films for stabilizing the uniaxial anisotropy (preannealing). The preannealing temperature was changed from 200 to 350 °C. The films were annealed again in a field along the hard axis to reduce the uniaxial anisotropy. Decrease of the anisotropy field was discussed based on Richter-type relaxation,2 where τ2 is the maximum and τ1 is the minimum relaxation time, respectively. Without preannealing, the bandwidth ln(τ2/τ1) is broad at higher annealing temperatures. With preannealing, the bandwidth becomes narrower and is almost constant for various preannealing temperatures. These results show that the relaxation processes with shorter relaxation times are all suppressed by preannealing. The average activation energy is 2.0 eV without preannealing. It increases with preannealing temperatures and reaches 2.9 eV at 350 °C. From these results, it is clear that preannealing at higher temperatures is more effective in stabilizing the uniaxial anisotropy in the CoZr amorphous films.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344642
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of a Ti seed layer on the magnetic properties of CoCrTa double-layered perpendicular media (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 6367-6369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effect of a Ti seed layer on the magnetic properties and microstructure of Co77Cr19Ta4 was studied in Co77Cr19Ta4/Ti/M (M=Co91Zr3Nb6, Fe, Co) double-layered perpendicular recording media. A thin Ti film of ∼5 nm enhanced the c-axis alignment perpendicular to the film plane, resulting in a large perpendicular anisotropy Ku and the best magnetic properties under the present experimental conditions. The coercivity at this Ti thickness (3–3.7 kOe) was approximately half of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy field Hk estimated from the Ku value, even with the present thick 50 nm CoCrTa. The recording performance using a single-pole-type writing head showed that media with a 5 nm Ti layer had higher recording sensitivity compared to media without Ti layers, and a higher SN value at densities greater than 200 kFRPI. No significant loss of recording resolution due to the nonmagnetic Ti space between the CoCrTa and the back layers was observed by the use of the 5 nm Ti film. Moreover, the results for media with Fe back layers indicated that a thinner back layer with a high flux density can be used without any reduction of recording sensitivity and resolution. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372708
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High frequency effects in perpendicular recording media (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 4990-4992 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Simulations of perpendicular recording media were carried out to determine the effect of switching speed limitations upon recording performance. Simulations of hysteresis loops at various applied field sweep rates show that the onset of a switching speed limited increase in coercivity occurs for sweep rates in excess of 2×1013 Oe/s. Switching speeds of individual grains were found to be around 18 to 38 ps, depending on the medium thickness and the magnetization state of surrounding grains. Recording simulations show that for media thicknesses of up to 180 Å, writing frequencies of 5 Gbit/s are feasible before loss of output occurs. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.373225
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A case of cold abscess due to disseminated tuberculosis in an AIDS patient (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 142 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03323.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Familial cluster of cutaneous Mycobacterium avium infection resulting from use of a circulating, constantly heated bath water system (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 142 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We describe familial cases of cutaneous infection caused by Mycobacterium avium. A 45-year-old father, his 14-year-old son and 11-year-old daughter, among five persons in a family, presented with a 2-month history of inflammatory subcutaneous nodules and ulcerations. Histology of skin biopsy specimens showed granulomatous inflammation, and mycobacterial colonies isolated from the skin of each patient were identified as M. avium by DNA hybridization analysis. The patients were all treated successfully with combined drug therapy consisting of rifampicin, isoniazid and clarithromycin. Their lesions were purely cutaneous M. avium infection, without any visceral involvement. Neither systemic disease nor immunological impairment was detected in the family. However, they all used a circulating, constantly heated bath water system. The bath water was continuously heated to about 40 °C without changing the water for a few months, and M. avium was isolated from the filter of the bath tub heating unit. It is considered that this unusual familial cluster of cutaneous M. avium infection in healthy persons may have resulted from the use of contaminated bath water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03428.x
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