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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 2273-2277 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A fast atomic oxygen beam facility consisting of a beam source, a mass spectrometer, an Auger electron spectroscope, a scanning tunneling microscope, and a friction tester has been developed to investigate interaction of energetic atomic oxygen with solid surfaces. The fast atomic oxygen beam has been characterized by time of flight distribution, quadrupole mass spectrometry, and quartz crystal microbalance. The time of flight distribution of the beam has shown that the average translational energy of the atomic oxygen beam reaches 4.7 eV and that the full width at half-maximum is 5.5 eV. A flux of the atomic oxygen is calculated from the frequency shift of the quartz crystal microbalance with silver electrodes, and typical flux of the atomic oxygen beam being 4.0×1012 atoms/cm2 s. The flux of atomic oxygen of this source is fairly low, but is corresponding to that in the altitude of 500 km in low Earth orbit. The surface sensitive analysis methods equipped with the facility, such as Auger electron spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy, have provided changes in the surface composition and morphology caused by the atomic oxygen exposure, without receiving any effect of ambient air. The ultrahigh vacuum friction tester especially designed for this facility is used to measure tribological properties of solid lubricants under the atomic oxygen exposures. Such in situ testing capability of this facility enables fundamental research for understanding the reaction scheme of atomic oxygen as well as engineering-oriented research for obtaining high reliability of the space systems. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 3370-3378 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A two-thermocouple probe, composed of two fine-wire thermocouples of unequal diameters, is a novel technique for estimating thermocouple time constants without any dynamic calibration of the thermocouple response. This technique is most suitable for measuring fluctuating temperatures in turbulent combustion. In the present study, the reliability and applicability of this technique are appraised in a turbulent wake of a heated cylinder (without combustion). A fine-wire resistance thermometer (cold wire) of fast response is simultaneously used to provide a reference temperature. A quantitative and detailed comparison between the cold-wire measurement and the compensated thermocouple ones shows that a previous estimation scheme gives thermocouple time constants smaller than appropriate values, unless the noise in the thermocouple signals is negligible and/or the spatial resolution of the two-thermocouple probe is sufficiently high. The scheme has been improved so as to maximize the correlation coefficient between the two compensated-thermocouple outputs. The improved scheme offers better compensation of the thermocouple response. The present approach is generally applicable to in situ parameter identification of a first-order lag system. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 6811-6815 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The temperature dependence of field-stimulated exoelectron emission (FSEE) on a clean W tip was investigated. The increase of the electron emission at the moment of reapplication of the tip voltage was observed at the temperatures 200–450 K. This emission property was similar to the storage effect of exoelectron emission from Al tips reported previously. [Appl. Phys. Lett. 53, 626 (1988).] However, the emission intensity was independent of the voltage interruption period. The change in work function was also indicated at the temperature where FSEE was observed. The FSEE on W tips observed in this study was explained by the exoelectron emission during the surface reconstruction of W{001} and/or W{031} triggered by the high electric field. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 53 (1988), S. 626-627 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Exoelectrons were emitted from a 99.9999% pure Al tip by applying an electric field as a stimulus. This occurred at lower voltages than that necessary for field emission of electrons. Field-stimulated exoelectron emission showed a characteristic storage effect in accordance with the time interval of applied voltage pulses. Based upon this storage effect and a computer calculation of the field strength at the apex of the tip, we show by analytical discussions that exoelectrons are emitted by tunneling, not by the Schottky effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 97 (1993), S. 11366-11367 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Interleukin (IL)-22, a novel cytokine belonging to the IL-10 family, is secreted from activated T and natural killer cells and is possibly involved in inflammatory responses. We examined whether expression of the IL-22 gene in murine colon carcinoma Colon 26 cells (Colon 26/IL-22) could produce any antitumour effects in the inoculated mice. Although growth of Colon 26/IL-22 tumours in syngeneic mice was not different from that of parent tumours, survival of the mice that were subcutaneously or intraperitoneally inoculated with Colon 26/IL-22 tumours was significantly prolonged compared with the mice inoculated with parent tumours. Metastasis was not influenced by IL-22 expressed in tumours. Expression of the IL-22 receptor-specific gene, IL-22R, was not induced in spleen cells stimulated with concanavalin A, anti-CD3 or anti-CD40 antibody, despite constitutive expression of the IL-10R2 gene, which encodes another component of the heterodimeric IL-22 receptor complex. IL-22 thereby does not directly act on immunocompetent cells, and IL-22 expressed in tumours can favour apothanasia of inoculated hosts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 29 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Antihistamines are efficacious drugs to be used for the symptomatic relief of allergic diseases. The safety issue of antihistamines is of central importance because of their widespread use in current medical practice. To better understand the pharmacological effects of antihistamines on the central nervous system (CNS), we used two kinds of new methods, positron emission tomography (PET) and gene targeting regarding on histamine H1 receptors. The histamine H1 receptor occupancy was examined in young male volunteers with[11C]-doxepin (a potent H1 antagonist) after the oral or intravenous administration of antihistamines. In other studies, the cognitive performance was also measured tachistoscopically before and after taking antihistamines. The mutant mice lacking H1 receptors were used in the behavioural and neurochemical experiments to re-evaluate the role of H1 receptors. The H1-receptor occupancy in the human frontal cortex caused by antihistamines is significantly correlated with the reported values of incidence of sleepiness in clinical trials, and the occupancy is well proportional to the impaired cognitive performance. The behavioural studies of the H1-receptor knock-out mice confirmed the role of H1 receptors in arousal, the sleep–wake cycle, locomotion, nociception and aggressive behaviour. The pharmacological effects induced by H1 antagonism were re-evaluated by the PET and gene-targetting. Although any serious effects could not be observed in mice by the destruction of the H1-receptor gene, the cognitive performance was impaired in humans after taking first generation antihistamines in recommended doses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    General and Comparative Endocrinology 70 (1988), S. 158-163 
    ISSN: 0016-6480
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    General and Comparative Endocrinology 68 (1987), S. 129-135 
    ISSN: 0016-6480
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    General and Comparative Endocrinology 76 (1989), S. 437-443 
    ISSN: 0016-6480
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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