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  • 1
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Concerning clinical problems, especially in medical judgement analysis of blood gases at rest and during exercise requires the knowledge of normal range. In literatur one can find all reactions of PaO 2, PaCO 2, and pH which are theoretically conceivable. With a specially selected group of 247 male and 256 female workers of 15 to 69 years the means and standard deviations of PaO 2, PaCO 2, and pH at rest and during graduated exercise are described. Nearly in all age groups the mean of PaO 2 decreases by about 5 mmHg, the mean of PaCO 2 increases by approximately 1 mmHg. Both differences are statistically significant. In contrary to this the decrease of pH by about 0,005 during work is significant only in some age groups. PaO 2 and PaCO 2 at rest correspond linearly to age nearly indentically for men and women. This fact is contrary to the regression of pH. In some female age groups the means of pH at rest are statistically lower than in the corresponding male groups. No differences, however, are between male and female for PaCO 2 at rest. A biokybernetic hypothesis of the decreasing PaO 2 during exercise is discussed. For medical judgment further practicable criterions of insufficiency have still to be worked out. Für die wertvolle technische Unterstützung bei der Durchführung der Untersuchung sind wir FrauT. Hermann, Frl.D. Abel und Herrn Ing. (grad.)R. Woitowitz zu besonderem Dank verpflichtet.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Blutgasanalysen vor und gegen Ende dosierter Arbeitsbelastung setzen im Rahmen klinischer Fragestellungen, besonders aber der arbeits- und sozialmedizinischen Begutachtung die Kenntnis der Streuberciche der “Norm” voraus. In der Literatur finden sich jedoch sämtliche theoretisch denkbaren Belastungsrcaktionen für die Partialdrucke des arteriellen Sauerstoffs und Kohlendioxyds experimentell realisiert. An Hand eines nach klinischen Gesichtspunkten definiert bereinigten Kollektivs von 247 männlichen und 256 weiblichen Berufstätigen der Altersklassen zwischen 15 und 69 Jahren werden für den PaO 2, PaCO 2 und pH die Streubereiche vor und gegen Ende abgestufter Ergometerarbeit mitgeteilt. Statistisch sichern lassen sich ein mittlerer Belastungsabfall des PaO 2 von etwa 5 torr in nahezu allen Altersklassen, sowie ein hochsignifikanter mittlerer Anstieg des PaCO 2 um ca. 1 torr. Der pH-Abfall um etwa 0,005 unter Arbeit erweist sich dagegen nur in einigen Altersklassen als signifikant. Aufgrund der Ergebnisse kann für die Ruhewerte des PaO 2 und PaCO 2—im Gegensatz zu denen des pH—eine lincare, statistisch gesicherte und für beide Geschlechter nahezu identische Altersabhängigkeit angenommen werden. Während ähnlich wie beim Ruhe-pH der bei den Frauen im Mittel rund 2 torr niedrigere Ruhe-PaO 2 immerhin in einigen Altersklassen signifikant ist, sind geschlechtsdifferenzen des Ruhe-PaCO 2 nicht aufzudecken. Unter Hinweis auf den gefundenen nicht unbeträchtlichen Streubereich der Norm und eine biokybernetische Arbeitshypothese zum Belastungsabfall des PaO 2 erscheinen weitreichende sozialmedizinische Konsequenzen in der Begutachtungssituation aufgrund der statischen “Zweipunktbetrachtung” so lange diskussionsbedürftig, bis brauchbare Insuffizienzkriterien vorliegen.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 77 (1990), S. 433-435 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 28 (1971), S. 83-94 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 44 BÄcker und Konditoren wurden eingehend zur Differentialdiagnose des Mehlberufsasthmas untersucht. Darunter fanden sich 16 Patienten mit unkompliziertem, allergischen Asthma bronchiale vom Soforttyp gegenüber Mehlstaubgemisch. Bei weiteren je 9 Personen mit normalen und im Sinne des chronischen unspezifischen respiratorischen Syndroms (CURS) erhöhten AtemwegswiderstÄnden zeigten sich nach Mehlinhalation ganzkörperplethysmographisch keine sicheren Zeichen einer spezifischen bronchiolo-pulmonalen Reaktion. Die Mehrzahl der BÄcker mit und ohne Diagnose der „chronischen Bronchitis“ lÄ\t somit selbst trotz langjÄhriger BackstubentÄtigkeit nach Einatmung von Mehlstaub eine Erhöhung der AtemwegswiderstÄnde oder eine akute LungenüberblÄhung vermissen. Dieses Verhalten entspricht dem lungengesunder Normalpersonen. Dagegen ist das unkomplizierte allergische BÄckerasthma durch ein nach dem arbeitsplatzbezogenen Inhalationstest obligat binnen Minuten einsetzendes obstruktives Syndrom gekennzeichnet. Es weist um zwei bis mehr als zehnfach erhöhte Resistancewerte und ein akutes Volumen pulmonum auctum zwischen 0,5 und 3,0 Liter auf. Nur bei 5 von 16 Patienten blieb die akute LungenüberblÄhung nach dem Test aus. Ferner konnte festgestellt werden, da\ bei 5 der 16 Asthmatiker das Maximum der allergischen Bronchiolarreaktion erst 40 min nach der Mehlinhalation eintrat. Im Verlauf von Stunden lÄ\t sich anhand der Resistancewerte und endexspiratorischen thorakalen Gasvolumina die allmÄhliche Normalisierung beider pathophysiologischer Merkmale des allergischen Asthmaanfalles nachweisen.
    Notes: Summary Forty-four bakers and pastry cooks were subjected to a careful examination for differential diagnosis of occupational flour asthma. Among them were 16 patients affected by uncomplicated allergic bronchial asthma with instantaneous onset after inhaling flour. In 9 other persons with normal airway resistance and 9 with increased airway resistance, occurring in the case of the chronic unspecific respiratory syndrome, no reliable indications of a specific bronchiolopulmonary reaction were found on flour inhalation in the body plethysmogram. The majority of the bakers with or without the diagnosis of “chronic bronchitis” do not reveal an increase in the airway resistance or an acute increase of the lung volume despite work in bakeries over many years. This result corresponds to that of normal persons with healthy lungs. By contrast, the uncomplicated allergic baker's asthma is invariably characterized by an obstructive syndrome starting within minutes after the inhalation test related to the work area. The resistance values are from twice to ten times as high and the increase of the lung volume varies from 0.5 to 3.0 l. Only in 5 of these 16 patients did no lung inflation develop after the test. Moreover, it was found that in 5 of the 16 asthmatic patients the maximum of the allergic bronchiolar reaction was not reached until 40 minutes after flour inhalation. The gradual normalization of the 2 patho-physiological characteristics of the allergic asthmatic attack over several hours can be demonstrated in the airway resistance values and the end-expiratory thoracic gas volumes.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Asbestos exposure ; Lung cancer ; Mesothelioma ; Prospective cohort study ; Mortality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 1972, a procedure was introduced by the Industrial Injuries Insurance Institutes (Berufsgenossenschaften) of the Federal Republic of Germany, which is to be used by the special occupational health service for employees exposed to asbestos dust. Since 1 January 1972, occupational health examinations are performed when exposure to asbestos dust has been of at least 3 years' duration. On 1 January 1977, a prospective cohort study was started with employees formerly exposed to asbestos dust whilst working for companies manufacturing or using asbestos. Data on these persons are collected in the Central Register of Employees Exposed to Asbestos Dust of the Industrial Injuries Insurance Institutes. A total of 3,070 male and female employees in whom asbestos exposure terminated after 1 January 1972 formed subcohort I of the study. For comparison, 665 persons whose exposure terminated before 1 January 1972 served as subcohort II. In addition to several other inclusion criteria, each individual's permission was required before personal data could be evaluated. Of the subjects in the two subcohorts, 185 and 71, respectively, had died by 31 December 1982. Tumours were more frequently than this cause of death is expected in the general population. In addition to a high incidence of mesothelioma, the standard mortality rate was especially increased for lung cancer. The proportional mortality rates of about 40% for tumours of all sites (with about 17% lung cancer and 8% mesothelioma) especially in subcohort II, seemed to be comparable to the international figures for epidemiological mortality.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 27 (1970), S. 244-256 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Zusammenhangsfrage zwischen dem Auftreten obstruktiver Ventilationsstörungen und Asbeststaubexposition am Arbeitsplatz besitzt über den einzelnen Berufskrankheitenfall hinaus aktuelle arbeitsmedizinische Bedeutung. Die hier vorgelegten Ergebnisse stützen sich auf Querschnittsuntersuchungen von 465 WerktÄtigen und 31 Rentnern mit schÄtzbarer Asbeststaubexposition, sowie auf die Befunde von 69 Asbestosekranken. Methodisch fanden die Ganzkörperplethysmographie und Spirographie Verwendung. Statistisch berechtigen die Ergebnisse an WerktÄtigen und Asbestosekranken nicht zu der Annahme, da\ der Asbeststaubexposition generell das Gewicht einer überragend bedeutsamen Teilursache am Zustandekommen obstruktiver Ventilationsstörungen beizumessen ist. Bei den in zahlreichen EinzelfÄllen nachgewiesenen chronischen Bronchitiden wird wegen der Resultate aus den Gruppen langjÄhrig exponierter Rentner mit und ohne Asbestose die KausalitÄt stets individuell unter Würdigung sÄmtlicher BegleitumstÄnde geprüft werden müssen.
    Notes: Summary The problem of causality between chronic obstructive lung diseases and occupational asbestos dust exposure has actual significance in the field of occupational medicine above the single case of professional disease. The presented results are based on cross section examinations on 465 workers and 31 pensioners with valuable asbestos dust exposure as well as on the results from 69 cases of asbestosis. Methodically body plethysmography and spirography had been used. Statistically the data obtained from asbestos workers and from the cases of asbestosis do not admit of the supposition, that the asbestos dust exposure can be regarded for the most important partial cause for the occurrence of chronic obstructive lung diseases. In many individual cases chronic bronchitis has been proved. On behalf of the findings obtained from the group of long term exposed pensioners with and without asbestosis, the causality has to be examined individually by considering all concomitants.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 29 (1972), S. 142-158 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Für FührungskrÄfte der Industrie wird gemeinhin eine besondere GefÄhrdung der coronar-muskulÄren Einheit unter dem Begriff „Manager-krankheit“ diskutiert. Arbeitsmedizinisch interessiert hierbei der Zusammenhang zwischen den speziellen TÄtigkeitsmerkmalen und dem resultierenden Herz-Kreislauf-Verhalten. Zu dieser Frage wurden 27 Direktoren und Abteilungsleiter eines Gro\konzerns der metallverarbeitenden Industrie im Alter von 37 bis 64 Jahren an je 1 Arbeitstag zwischen 8.00 und 17.00 Uhr untersucht. Verwendung fand eine einkanalige Radiotelemetrieanlage zur fortlaufenden Registrierung von Herzschlagfrequenz und Elektrokardiogramm. Entsprechende konventionelle Vorbefunde aus werksÄrztlichen Aufzeichnungen lagen vor. Ein TÄtigkeitsprotokoll wurde aufgenommen. Die Ergebnisse lassen sich wie folgt zusammenfassen: 1. Das Tagesprofil der HSF weist zu Beginn und gegen Ende der etwa 6stündigen Untersuchungszeit Gipfel bei 90/min auf. In der 2. bis 3. Arbeitsstunde findet sich ein Plateau von HSF = 83/min. Die Amplitude dieser Schwingung liegt in der Grö\enordnung von 10/min. Sie ist unabhÄngig von einer Untergruppierung nach dem Lebensalter, dem Zeitpunkt der letzten Beförderung oder kardio-zirkulatorischen Risikofaktoren. 2. Die HÄufigkeitsverteilung von 5-min-Werten der HSF verhÄlt sich annÄhernd glockenförmig mit einem Gipfel zwischen 80 und 90/min und einer Streuung zwischen 60 und 130/min. Die HÄufigkeitsverteilung der mittleren Maximal- und Minimalwerte der HSF aus 5-min-Intervallen zeigen demgegenüber eine Rechts- bzw. Linksverschiebung um je 10/min. 3. Die AltersabhÄngigkeit der HSF ergibt sich aus einer konkordant um 10/min höheren HSF bei unter 50jÄhrigen gegenüber über 50jÄhrigen Führungskräften. Die Gruppe der jüngeren Direktoren weist während drei Viertel des Arbeitstages eine HSF von 90 bis 100/min, diejenigen ihrer Älteren Kollegen während zwei Drittel des Arbeitstages eine HSF bei 80/min auf. Maximalwerte der HSF≧120/min nehmen insgesamt immerhin 3,5% der Untersuchungszeit ein. 4. In der „Befördertengruppe“ liegt das HSF-Profil trotz vergleichbarer Altersstruktur konkordant um 3±2/min höher als im Gesamtkollektiv. Dagegen errechnet sich für die „Risikogruppe“ die relativ grö\te mittlere Streubreite der HSF in einem 5-min-Intervall mit ¯x±s=43,6±13,0/min. 5. Die fünfmal bei 3 Probanden im Langzeit-EKG nachgewiesenen ST-Senkungen lassen sich im Einzelfall weder auf eine besondere psycho-vegetativ belastende Arbeitssituation noch auf bestimmte Bereiche der HSF zurückführen. 6. Der Nachweis von Extrasystolen gelingt im dynamischen EKG vollkommener als im konventionellen Ruhe-EKG. Auf Grund der Befundinkongruenzen bei ST-Senkungen und T-Negativierungen ist jedoch eine verbesserte diagnostische AussagefÄhigkeit hinsichtlich der CoronargefÄhrdung gegenüber dem konventionellen Ruhe-EKG — zumindest für die einkanalige EKG-Telemetrie — vorlÄufig nur bedingt anzunehmen.
    Notes: Summary For leading persons in industry the term “manager's disease” is discussed as a danger for the coronary-myocardial unit. In the field of occupational medicine the relationship between occupational activities and the resulting cardiovascular reaction is of great interest. 27 leading persons at the age from 37 to 64 years were examined from 8 h.a.m. to 5 h.p.m. A one-channel-radiotelemetry unit has been used for the continuous monitoring of the heart rate and the EKG. Simultaneously the occupational activities were recorded. The results were as follow: 1. The profile of the heart rate showed a peak at the beginning and at the end of the 6-hr-examination period. During the 2nd to 3rd work-hour there was a plateau with a heart rate at 83/min. The amplitude of this cycle is about 10 heart revolutions per minute. It is undependent from age, time of the last professional promotion or cardiocirculatory factors of risk. 2. The distribution of the heart rate/5 min is nearly bell-shaped with a concentration between 80 and 90 beats/min and a variation from 60–130 beats per minute. The distribution of the mean values of the maximal and minimal heart rate/5 min shows a deviation of the concentration of 10 beats/min to the right resp. to the left. 3. The dependance on the age is shown by the increase of the mean heart rate (10 beats per minute) on the persons under the age of 50 years in opposite to those at the age of more than 50 years. The group of the younger managers shows a mean heart rate of 90 to 100/min during 75% of the working day. The older ones have a mean heart rate of 80/min during two thirds of the examination period. Maximal values of the heart rate (≧ 120/min) have been observed during 3.5% of the monitoring. 4. The group of promoted managers shows a profile of the heart rate with a level of 3±2 beats/min above the profile of the whole group. The persons with cardiovascular risks had the greatest deviation range per 5 min (¯x±s=43.6 ±13.0/min). 5. On 3 persons the EKG showed 5 times ST-depressions, which could not be related to an extraordinary psychical stress or to a certain range of the heart rate. 6. Extrasystoles can be observed better by continuous monitoring of the EKG than by the conventional technique at rest. In any case one should be sceptical in making a diagnosis on the basis of an extensive interpretation of a single chest lead EKG.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 73 (2000), S. 543-554 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Monochlorobenzene (MCB) ; Standardized long-term exposures ; Toxicokinetics ; MCB in blood ; MCB metabolites in urine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to obtain toxicokinetic data on the absorption and elimination of monochlorobenzene (MCB) in blood and its main metabolite 4-chlorocatechol (4-ClCat) as well as on the isomeric chlorophenols (o-ClPh, m-ClPh, and especially p-ClPh as the main ClPh metabolite) in urine for re-evaluation of the biological tolerance (BAT) value of MCB. Methods: Eight subjects performed 8-h inhalation tests daily over five successive days in an exposure chamber, at a maximum allowable concentration at the workplace (MAK) value of 10 ppm MCB. Five and two probands carried out the test series during physical activity levels of 75 and 50 W, respectively, for 10 min/h on a bicycle ergometer, and one subject was exposed continuously while at rest. MCB and its metabolites were analyzed by gas chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry. Results: The mean MCB blood concentration of the five subjects exposed during physical activity of 75 W was 217 ± 42 μg/l. The relationship of the mean blood concentration measured under the conditions of rest or 50 and 75 W activity levels was in a ratio of about 1:1.7:2.8. The half-life values in the first hour after ending the exposures were 53 min and 150 min for the ensuing period, with steady-state being reached after 45 min. The mean 4-ClCat concentration in urine at the end of the five days was 150 ± 13 mg/g creatinine in the case of the subjects exposed at 75 W, which decreased to 25 mg/g creatinine at the beginning of the next exposure. The analogous p-ClPh concentrations were 25 ± 2 and 9 ± 2 mg/g creatinine. The elimination half-life values of the ClPh isomers ranged from 12.4 to 16.5 h, and the half-life of 4-ClCat was 6.4 h. There was no apparent tendency for MCB and its metabolites to accumulate in blood or urine. Conclusions: The results are in accordance with relevant field and laboratory studies. Taken into consideration with the 95th percentile, the evaluated BAT values should be set at levels of 300 μg MCB/l blood, 175 mg 4-ClCat/g creatinine or alternatively at 30 mg p-ClPh/g creatinine in urine after the end of a shift. At the beginning of the next shift, the BAT values of the metabolites should be 35 and 15 mg/g creatinine, respectively.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 25 (1969), S. 124-139 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zur Beurteilung beruflich bedingter Staublungenerkrankungen wird seit Jahren die subtile Austestung der pulmonalen sowie kardiozirkulatorischen Funktion neben der klinischen und röntgenologischen Bewertung gefordert. U. a. gelten Ergebnisse arterieller Blutgasanalysen vor und gegen Ende dosierter Arbeitsbelastung dabei als geeigneter Maßstab für die Gesamtfunktion der Atmung. Untersucht wurden 225 männliche und 121 weibliche Arbeitnehmer im Hinblick auf die Gewinnung von Normwerten für den arteriellen Sauerstoff- (Pa02-) und Kohlendioxydpartialdruck (PaC02). Die Auswahl erfolgte definiert nach klinischen Gesichtspunkten und ganzkörperplethysmographischen Kriterien. Das arterialisierte Capillarblut wurde vor und gegen Ende einer 5–6 minütigen, nach Geschlecht und Alter abgestuften mittelschweren Ergometerbelastung entnommen. Die Streubereiche des Sauerstoff- und Kohlendioxydpartialdruckes in Ruhe liegen zwischen s = ± 6,3 und s = ± 11,0 torr bzw. s ± 0,6 und s = ± 1,6 torr — ohne eindeutige Abnahmetendenz — gegen Ende der Belastung. Die mittleren Differenzen zwischen Ruhe- und Belastungswert des Pa02 betragen bei den Männern minimal -0,8, maximal +2,2 torr, bei den Frauen -4,2 und -x-4,6 torr. Statistisch lassen sich diese Unterschiede in keiner Altersklasse sichern. Dagegen erwies sich ein Belastungsanstieg des PaC02 um im Mittel 0,9–1,6 torr nahezu in allen Fünfjahresklassen als signifikant. Die Altersabhängigkeit des Ruhe-Pa02 wird erneut korrelationsstatistisch bestätigt. Bei berufstätiger Bevölkerung fällt das Pa02 gesichert pro 10 Lebensjahre im Mittel um ca. 3 torr ab, und das PaC02 nimmt für die Männer statistisch auffällig um 0,2 torr pro Lebensdekade zu. Hinweise für eine Geschlechtsspezifität und Geschlechtsdifferenzen der Ruhewerte des Pa02 und PaC02 in Abhängigkeit vom Lebensalter sind nicht signifikant.
    Notes: Summary For examination of industrial dust-diseases of the lung, sensitive methods of testing pulmonary and cardiocirculatory functions are used with clinical and radiological examinations. The determination of arterial blood gases before and after difined work is an appropriate criterion for respiratory function. 225 male and 121 female workers were examined to obtain standard values for arterial oxygen (Pa02) and carbon dioxide (PaC02) partial pressures. The selection conformed to clinical and whole-body plethysmographic criteria. Arterialized capillary blood has been analysed before and after 5–6 min of modified exercise (Modification in regard to sex, bicycle ergometer, sitting position). Standard deviations for PaO2 and PaCO2 at rest are s = ± 6,3 to s ± 11 mm Hg resp. s = ± 0,6 to s = ± 1,6 mm Hg without a tendency to fall off towards the end of the exercise. The mean differences in PaO2 at rest and during work vary from -0,8 to -x-2,2 mm Hg for males, and from -4,2 to + 4,6 mm Hg for females Statistically there is no difference due to age. The average Pa02 increase during work is 0,9 to 1,6 mm Hg during exercise and is statistically significant for nearly every age increment of 5 years. Statistical evaluation has confirmed that Pa02 is dependent upon age. In those employed in industry for every 10-year increment, the average decrease in Pa02 approximately 3 mm Hg. It is also statistically significant that in men PaC02 increases 0,2 mm Hg for every age increment of 10 years. There is no particular variation in either Pa02 or PaCO2 with sex.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Occupational asbestos exposure ; Questionnaire ; Lung cancer ; Mesothelioma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: What is the frequency of occupational asbestos exposure among patients suffering from malignant respiratory tumours and how many of these tumours are associated with asbestos in Hungary? Methods: An internationally established questionnaire with 29 questions, covering the most characteristic activities of asbestos exposure at the workplace was completed for 300 patients with respiratory malignancies, i.e. 297 patients with lung cancer and three with mesothelioma of the pleura. From the questionnaire, the smoking habits were estimated and cumulative asbestos exposure was assessed in fibre-years. Additionally, lung X-rays were classified and the national data on the incidence of malignant pleura mesothelioma were analysed. Results: A cumulative asbestos exposure of 25 fibre-years or more was detected in 11 patients with lung cancer (4%) and in each of the three patients with pleural mesothelioma (100%). In a further 72 patients (24%), cumulative occupational asbestos exposure was assessed as below 25 fibre-years (between 0.01 and 23.9 fibre-years). In this group, car and truck mechanics, and installation and construction workers using asbestos-cement were registered. Among patients with an asbestos exposure of 25 fibre-years or more, six asbestos-cement production workers were observed, among them the three mesothelioma cases. A weak but significant association between positive X-ray findings and exposure estimates could be demonstrated. Additionally, results of the lung tissue fibre counts by scanning transmission electron microscopy were available for 25 of the lung cancer patients. A good correlation was observed between the asbestos fibre counts and the assessment of cumulative asbestos exposure. In Hungary, 84 cases of pleural mesothelioma were registered in 1997 and 73 in 1998. These numbers correspond to an annual incidence of about one new case per 100,000 inhabitants older than 15 years. Conclusions: The annual incidence of lung cancer in Hungary is about 6,000. Since in our series of lung cancer patients about 4% were observed, which could be accepted as representing occupational disease because of a cumulative exposure to 25 fibre-years or more, the annual asbestos related lung tumour incidences may be estimated to be approximately 150 or more. The proportion of nearly two estimated cases of lung cancer per case of pleural mesothelioma corresponds to international experience. Up to now, lung cancer cases only exceptionally have been registered as occupational diseases, i.e. they were seriously under-diagnosed in Hungary. For improving this situation, diagnostic assistance by a self-interview with a questionnaire covering the working history for all newly diagnosed lung cancer patients would be helpful.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-2099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  Former East German uranium miners who are known to have been exposed to radon are estimated to be at high risk for lung carcinogenesis. Among these miners over 200 occupationally caused lung cancer cases are expected to occur each year, resulting in a total of 7,000–24,000 excess lung cancer cases in the coming years. It is still unknown whether there is a correlation between biomarkers and the exposure of the uranium miners to ionizing radiation that might enable us to trace those miners with high lung cancer risk. The primary aim of this pilot study was to test the possibility of performing a biomarker study in this unique cohort of former uranium miners in spite of several limitations that had to be taken into consideration when comparing them with healthy controls, such as old age, age-dependent diseases and potential confounding artefacts from dissimilar smoking patterns. The second aim was to test a range of biomarkers for DNA damage and inflammation in leukocytes and bronchoalveolar fluid for their ability to detect biological effects. In this cohort of miners we found an increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations in blood lymphocytes and an increased prevalence of both fibronectin and tumour necrosis factor α in the bronchoalveolar fluid.
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