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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 177 (1987), S. 147-152 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Atrial myocardium ; Vagotomy ; Monkey ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the atrial myocardium in the monkey (Macaca fascicularis) was studied after bilateral cervical vagotomy and survival times of 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 21 and 28 days. During the first week after vagotomy, a few atrial cells showed a reduction in the sarcoplasm, crowding of the myofibrils, peripheral dispersion and reduced intercristal density of the mitochondria and increased sarcoplasmic reticulum and glycogen particles. In some profiles, there was increased electron density and granularity at the I bands and the intercalated discs. The number of such affected cells increased in the subsequent days such that by 21 to 28 days about 50% of the cells were estimated to be affected. During the latter stages further changes included, the degradation of the myofilaments and increased electron density, disorganisation and disintegration of the digital extensions at the intercalated discs. Throughout the experiments there was a leucocytic infiltration, more evident in the longer survival times.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Monkey ; Ultrastructure ; Pinealocytes ; Axon terminals ; Synapses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study described the normal ultrastructure of the monkey pineal gland. The gland was composed of the principal pinealocytes, intramural neurons and glial cells. The nucleus of the pinealocytes was deeply infolded with evenly distributed chromatin materials. The abundant cytoplasm was rich in organelles including the well-developed Golgi apparatuses, multivesicular bodies, dense-cored vesicles and widely scattered free and polyribosomes. A variety of axon terminals was observed and the majority of them contained pleomorphic agranular vesicles with a few large dense-cored vesicles. A few terminals showed flattened vesicles or small dense cored vesicles. Some of the axon terminals formed synaptic contacts with the cell bodies of pinealocytes. These synapses were mainly concentrated in the posterior third of the gland. The occasional intramural neurons observed were postsynaptic to axon terminals containing round agranular vesicles. The sources of the nerve fibres and terminals forming synaptic junctions with pinealocytes and intramural neurons were discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; CR3 receptors ; Amoeboid microglia ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study described the labelling of amoeboid microglial cells in the postnatal rat brain with OX-42, an antibody that recognizes type 3 complement receptors CR3 in mononuclear phagocytes. Of the diverse morphological forms of amoeboid microglia present in the corpus callosum in early postnatal (2–5 days) rats, cells with a round regular outline, or showing short stout processes, were the most intensely stained. When traced from the main cell colony into the borderline zone with the cortex, the immunoreactivity of amoeboid microglia that assumed a ramified form was drastically reduced. Examination of materials from the late postnatal (8–12 days) age group showed that the majority of the OX-42 positive cells in the corpus callosum became oval, elongated and ramified. Immunoelectron microscopy confirmed the above observations, and also showed that the immunoreactivity in the round amoeboid microglia was localized in their plasma membrane, surface projections and invaginations, as well as in some of the subsurface vacuoles. The immunoreactivity was reduced in the oval cells, and diminished in the elongated or ramified form. It is proposed that the presence of CR3 membrane receptors in amoeboid microglial cells is related to their active role in endocytosis. These, however, diminish with the growth of the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The neurons of the dorsal motor nucleas (DMN) of the monkey (Macaca fascicularis) were of two main types: small (13 × 8 μm) and medium-sized (20 × 13 μm). The latter, which were the predominant form, contained a pale oval nucleus surrounded by organelle-rich cytoplasm. Between one and three long principal dendrites per section profile arose from eac1 of the somata. Both axosomatic and axodendritic synapses were seen on these cells although the latter were more common. No structural changes were noted in the DMN 1–3 days after bilateral cervical vagotomy. Some of the dendrites of the medium-sized axotomized vagal neurons appeared darkened 5–10 days after the operation. With longer surviving intervals, i.e. 21 and 28 days after operation, darkened dendrites were more commonly seen and the cytoplasmic density of these dendrites was dramatically enhanced. Their mitochondria were pale and some of them also showed vesiculation. Both normal and degenerating axon terminals were seen to form synaptic contacts with the darkened dendrites. The degenerating axon terminals were characterized by the clumping of their round agranular vesicles. Both darkened dendrites and degenerating axon terminals were phagocytosed by hypertrophied astrocytes and activated microglial cells. Blood elements infiltrating into the DMN were a possible source for some of the neural macrophages. It was concluded from the present study that the dendrites of the vagal neurons were the first structures to degenerate in axotomy and these were subsequently removed by glial elements. Degenerating axon terminals on the darkened dendrites could represent endings of the central processes of peripheral vagal ganglion cells that had undergonetransganglionic degeneration after damage to their peripheral processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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