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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Pain ; neuropathy ; hyperglycaemia ; sand rat ; streptozotocin-diabetes ; galactosaemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hyperactivity of nociceptive C-fibers has been recently described in diabetic BB/Wistar rats. This study assesses the association of hyperalgesia, using an analgesy-meter, with elevated glycosylated haemoglobin levels in three animal models of diabetic and nutritional neuropathies: psammomys obesus (sand rat), streptozotocin-treated and galactose-fed rats. Pain threshold measurements (paw pressure test) and motor nerve conduction velocities were recorded in controls (n=75), hyperinsulinaemic (n=16), insulin-deficient (n=46) und galactosaemic (n=12) animals. The reproducibility of the paw pressure test, evaluated by a correlation coefficient, was statistically significant (p〈0.001). When compared with their controls (396±18 g), the average pain threshold in young diabetic sand rats (309±17 g) was found to be markedly reduced and to correlate inversely (p〈0.001) with their respective HbA1c levels (mean 4.9 versus 7.4%). Acute, subacute and chronic streptozotocin-diabetic rats displayed a reduction of pain threshold (p〈0.001) associated with slowed motor nerve conduction velocities (p〈0.001). Similarly, galactose-feeding over 4 weeks resulted in an elevation of glycosylated haemoglobin levels with significant (p〈0.001) reductions of pain threshold and motor nerve conduction velocity. It is concluded that hyperalgesia is a constant feature of sensory dysfunction in spontaneous and experimental models of diabetic neuropathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé 1. La glycémie, l'insuline immunoréactive et les activités insuliniques supprimable et non supprimable ont été mesurées chez des rats chez les quels une hyperglycémie avait été provoquée par le glucose ou le D-mannoheptulose. Une corrélation entre la glycémie et l'activité insulinique supprimable a été observée dans tous les groupes de rats à l'exception de ceux traités par le mannoheptulose. Ces résultats confirment l'hypothèse selon laquelle l'action hyperglycémiante du mannoheptulose est due à son pouvoir inhibiteur de la sécrétion d'insuline par les cellules B des îlots de Langerhans.-2. Bien que les valeurs des activités insuliniques immunoréactive et supprimable fussent semblables, la corrélation quantitative entre ces deux mesures ne s'est pas avérée satisfaisante.-3. L'activité insulinique non supprimable est restée la même dans tous les groupes de rats. Les fluctuations de l'activité insulinique supprimable ne se sont pas traduites par des fluctuations de la concentration de l'activité insulinique non supprimable.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung 1. Blutglucose, immunoreaktives Insulin, hemmbare und nicht hemmbare Insulinaktivität (IA) wurden bei Ratten bestimmt, die mit Glucose oder D-Mannoheptulose hyperglykämisch gemacht wurden. Blutglucose und hemmbare IA korrelierten in allen Gruppen mit Ausnahme der mit Mannoheptulose behandelten Ratten. Diese Resultate bestätigen frühere Befunde und Hypothesen, wonach Mannoheptulose die Insulinsekretion derβ-Zellen der Inseln unterdrückt.-2. Obschon sich immunoreaktives Insulin und hemmbare IA in den verschiedenen Gruppen von Ratten ähnlich verhielten, ergab sich keine gute Korrelation zwischen diesen beiden Größen.-3. Die Konzentration der nicht hemmbaren IA war in allen Gruppen von Ratten ungefähr gleich. Die Veränderungen der hemmbaren IA spiegelten sich in der Konzentration der nichthemmbaren IA nicht wieder.
    Notes: Summary 1. Blood glucose, immunoreactive, insulin suppressible and non-suppressible insulin-like activities were determined in rats after the administration of glucose and D-mannoheptulose respectively. The latter caused a marked rise of the blood sugar concentration There was a correlation between blood sugar and suppressible insulin-like activity in all groups of rats except those injected with mannoheptulose. The results support the concept that mannoheptulose acts by inhibiting the release of insulin from theβ-cells of the islets.-2. Immunoreactive insulin roughly paralleled suppressible ILA, but the quantitative correlation between the two was not satisfactory.-3. Nonsuppressible ILA was approximately the same in all groups of rats. Changes in the level of suppressible ILA were not reflected in the concentration of non-suppressible ILA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 11 (1977), S. 19-25 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; sulfonylurea ; glibenclamide ; pharmacokinetics ; repeated administration ; deep compartment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six maturity onset diabetic patients took glibenclamide 5 mg by mouth, every morning 10 min before a standard breakfast. Serum levels of immunoreactive glibenclamide, glucose and immunoreactive insulin were measured repeatedly on the first and 15th days of treatment. Measured glibenclamide blood levels were in close agreement with an analogue computer simulation of data obtained from healthy volunteers: there was no accumulation of drug in the blood, but there was strong evidence for the existence of a slowly equilibrating “deep” compartment. Considerable insulin release and correction of the breakfast-induced hyperglycaemia were observed immediately after administration of the drug, as well as 5 h later, at lunch time. The clinical significance of blood levels of glibenclamide, as well as the correlation of pharmacokinetics with pharmacodynamics, are discussed in the light of these results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 8 (1975), S. 63-69 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; sulfonylurea ; glipizide ; glibenclamide ; pharmacokinetics ; excretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Four subjects received 5 mg14C-glipizide orally, 3 subjects 1 mg intravenously and 2 subjects 5 mg14C-glibenclamide orally. Plasma levels of radioactivity, and urinary and faecal excretion were measured. For both drugs the disappearance of radioactivity from plasma followed complex kinetics and the apparent half-lives increased steadily with time. The two sulfonylureas were extensively metabolized and were excreted in the urine as hydroxylated or conjugated metabolites. The effects of both drugs on blood glucose and immunoreactive insulin were comparable. The findings are compared with other published results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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