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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: B cell degranulation ; B cell necrosis ; encephalomyocarditis virus ; histiocytic response ; hyperglycaemia ; insulin immunoassay ; mice ; viral infection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Soixante-dix-sept souris mâles CD-1, âgées de 12 à 16 semaines ont reçu une injection sous-cutanée du variant M du virus de l'encéphalo-myocardite (BMC). Treize souris recevant une injection d'eau salée, servaient de témoins. Les 45 souris survivantes ayant reçu le virus ont été sacrifiées à des intervalles allant de 24 h à 15 jours après l'injection. Les valeurs de la glycémie étaient nettement élevées au cours des deux premiers jours et de nouveau entre le septième et le quinzième jour de l'expérience. Le dosage immunologique du tissu pancréatique a révélé une baisse de la concentration moyenne d'insuline de moitié par rapport aux souris témoins. La recherche des virus dans des suspensions de pancréas 2 jours et demi à 9 jours et demi après l'infection a révélé des titres significatifs, déterminés par l'effet cytopathque. On n'a détecté aucune modification morphologique au cours des deux premiers jours après l'injection du virus. Par la suite on a observé au microscope à lumière une rupture de l'architecture des cellules insulaires, une nécrose des cellules B, une dégranulation des cellules B et des infiltrats cellulaires mononucléaires. Ultrastructuralement, la rupture du matériel nucléaire, la dilatation de l'espace périnucléaire et l'apparition de vésicules cyto plasmiques remplies de fine substance granulaire ont été vues dans les cellules B au cours de la première phase de l'expérience. La réponse histiocytaire et l'élimination des cellules B lésées étaient rapides. Des formations cristallines de virus n'ont pas été identifiées. Dans plusieurs cellules B survivantes on a noté une faible granulation et une dilatation des unités du réticulum endoplasmique. Les cellules acineuses exocrines présentaient des lésions d'étendue limitée. Aucune lésion des glandes salivaires n'a été identifiée.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Bei 77 männlichen, 12 bis 16 Wochen alten CD-1-Mäusen wurde subkutan die M Variante des Enzephalomyokarditis-Virus (EMC-Virus) injiziert; 13 Kontrolltiere erhielten NaCl-Lösung statt des Virus. Die 45 überlebenden virus-infizierten Mäuse wurden 24 Std bis 15 Tage später getötet. Die Blutzuckerwerte waren während der ersten zwei Tage sowie vom 7. bis 15. Tag des Experiments deutlich erhöht. Die durchschnittliche Insulinkonzentration der Bauchspeicheldrüse sank gegenüber den Kontrollen auf die Hälfte. Virus konnte in den Bauchspeicheldrüsen 2 1/2 bis 9 1/2 Tage nach der Infektion gewebekulturell nachgewiesen werden. Lichtmikroskopisch wurden in den ersten beiden Tagen keine Veränderungen entdeckt. Danach zeigten sich eine Auflockerung der Inselstruktur mit Nekrose und Degranulierung von B-Zellen sowie mononukleäre Infiltrate. Ultrastrukturell ließen sich zuerst Kernschäden und ein Auftreten von Cytoplasmabläschen mit fein granulierter Substanz in den B-Zellen beobachten. Kurz danach kam es zu einer histiozytären Reaktion mit rascher Beseitigung der geschädigten B-Zellen. Viruskristalle ließen sich nicht nachweisen. Viele überlebende B-Zellen zeigten eine Verminderung der Anzahl der Sekretgranula sowie erweiterte Räume des endoplasmatischen Reticulum. Die exkretorischen Pankreasanteile wiesen nur geringe, die Kopfspeicheldrüsen keinerlei morphologisch faßbare Schäden auf.
    Notes: Summary Seventy-seven male, 12 to 16 week old CD-1 mice were injected subcutaneously with the M variant of the enoephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus. Thirteen saline-injected mice served as controls. The 45 surviving virus-injected mice were sacrificed at intervals ranging from 24 h to 15 days following injection. Blood glucose values were distinctly elevated during the first 2 days and again between the seventh and fifteenth day of the experiment. Immunoassay of pancreatic tissue revealed a lowering of the mean insulin concentration to one half of that of the control mice. Pancreas suspensions assayed for the presence of virus 21/2 to 91/2 days after infection yielded significant titers as determined by cytopathic effect. No morphologic changes were detected during the first 2 days after virus injection. Thereafter, disruption of islet cell architecture, B cell necrosis, B cell degranulation, and mononuclear cell infiltrates were noted by light microscopy. Ultrastructurally, disruption of nuclear material, dilatation of the perinuclear space, and the appearance of cytoplasmic vesicles filled with fine granular substance were seen in B cells during the early phase of the experiment. Histiocytic response and removal of damaged B cells was prompt. Crystalline viral arrays were not identified. Poor granulation and dilatation of the units of the endoplasmic reticulum were noted in many surviving B cells. Damage to exocrine acinar cells was of limited extent. No salivary gland lesions were identified.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Electron Microscopy ; Encephalomyocarditis (EMC) Virus ; Neurotrophic Viruses ; Viremia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary One hundred and eighty 12 week old Swiss mice were injected subcutaneously with 0.1 ml suspensions of the E and M variants of encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus. Ninety-seven surviving mice were sacrificed at intervals from 24 h to 21 days following injection. The M variant group showed only mild microglial proliferation in the brain, while the E variant group displayed various alterations in the astrocytes and neurons exhibiting loss of nuclear membranes and marked changes in the mitochondria and other organelles. In addition, the neuronal cytoplasm displayed aggregates of fine electron-dense granules on the third day which increased in size during the fifth to seventh day. After 7 days, the neurons contained occasional rhomboid structures composed of rows of parallel arranged granules which were similar to those observed in the viscera after EMC virus infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Electron microscopic studies ; “Nude” mice ; Encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus ; Neurotropic virus ; T cell ; Depleted animals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sixteen 3 month old “nude” mice, 24 of their litter mates and 30 Swiss mice were injected subcutaneously with 0.1 ml suspension of the E variant of the encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus. While the mortality rate of the litter mates and Swiss mice during 5–7 days after inoculation was more than 40%, none of the “nude” mice died during the experiment. The surviving animals were sacrificed at 24 h intervals from day one to seven days after injection. Brain suspensions assayed for the presence of the virus yielded significant titers at 24 h in all groups, which increased during 7 days. The litter mates and Swiss mice showed proliferation of lymphocytes and microglial cells in the perivascular areas of the brain during the fifth to the seventh day. The “nude” mice, on the other hand, displayed no perivascular lymphocytic infiltration during the same periods. Ultrastructurally, all groups showed aggregates of ribosomes in the cytoplasmic matrix on the third day, which became enlarged in size on the 5th day. At 7 days, both litter mates and Swiss mice showed an increased number of necrotic cells, while these changes were not observed in the “nude” mice. These findings suggest that the high mortality rate in immunologically normal mice was related to the efforts of T cells to eliminate virus-infected cells and to produce extensive necrosis, while T cell-depleted animals showed good survival rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Behaviour Research and Therapy 25 (1987), S. 391-395 
    ISSN: 0005-7967
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Antimicrobic Newsletter 7 (1990), S. 14-15 
    ISSN: 0738-1751
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 29 (1977), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— A study was undertaken of the glycosphingolipids in cell cultures derived from cerebellum of Tay-Sachs disease fetal brain in order to determine the suitability of such cell strains as a model for Tay-Sachs disease. The glycosphingolipids in the Tay-Sachs disease cultured cerebellar cells were compared with those found in normal cultured cerebellar cells, normal and Tay-Sachs cultured lung cells, and normal and Tay-Sachs fetal brain. The glycolipids were separated by TLC, then analyzed by GLC of the trimethylsilyi derivatives of the methylglycosides of the sugar moieties. In the cultured cerebellar lines, the predominant gangliosides were GM2, GM3, and GD3. There was a 4-fold increase of GM2 in the Tay-Sachs as compared with the normal line. Only GM3 and GD3 gangliosides were found in the Tay-Sachs and the normal fetal lung cell cultures. The major neutral glycosphingolipids in all of the cultured cells which were analyzed were glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide, digalactosyl-glucosylceramide, and globoside. When the Tay-Sachs cerebellar cells were labelled with [1-14C]gluco-samine, some radioactivity was observed in the trihexosylceramide band, indicating the presence of a small amount of a galactosamine-containing trihexosylceramide which may be asialo-GM2 (GA2). The trihexosylceramide in Tay-Sachs fetal brain was identified as GA2 by GLC. Both Tay-Sachs and normal fetal brain gangliosides were more complex than those found in the cultured cells. Long chain fatty acids (C24:0 and C24;1) predominated in all of the glycosphingolipids of the Tay-Sachs and the normal cultured cerebellar cells. In contrast, the glycosphingolipids of Tay-Sachs and normal fetal brain contained mainly the shorter chain fatty acids (C16:0, C18:0, and C18:1). The cerebrosides in both the Tay-Sachs and normal fetal brains were mainly glucosylceramide with only small amounts of the galactosylceramide which predominates in infant brain. Cultured cells from the fetal Tay-Sachs disease
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. In defined media growth inhibition of the flagellates Ochromonas danica and Euglena gracilis, the photosyn thetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris, and Coryne bacterium bovis was overcome for each organism, for concentrations of 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide (4-NQO) to ca. 5 μg/ml, by a combination of L-tryptophan, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, L-tyrosine, and less sharply, thymine and naphtho quinones. Tryptophan used alone was effective only in rather high concentrations—ca. 0.2 mg/ml for 4-NQO 2 μg/ml; it was competitive with 4-NQO through this range. At least for Euglena, gramine and 5-methyl-DL-tryptophan were about as effective. 4-NQO uptake may therefore be via the trypto phan transport system. 4-NQO may be a uniquely stable, accessible counterpart of the more polar, more carcinogenic compounds into which mammals oxidatively convert the azodye carcinogens by N-hydroxylation and the hydrocarbon carcinogens by hydroxylation and ketonization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Experimental Cell Research 48 (1967), S. 499-504 
    ISSN: 0014-4827
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 19 (1906), S. 615-615 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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