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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Whiplash-like injury resulting in shoulder arthrodesis. A rare case of complex regional pain syndrome (2000)
    Springer
    European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology 10 (2000), S. 265-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1068
    Keywords: Complex regional pain syndrome ; Shoulder ; Scoliosis ; Muscle dystrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In this case report, the progression of the disease in a 14-years-old girl is described. Based on a minor cervical hyperextension and -flexion traumatization experienced during a basketball game she developed the symptoms of a non-reducible anterior shoulder instability and a subsequent thoracic scoliosis. Other symptoms resembled the clinical picture of a complex regional pain syndrome. Conservative and stabilizing surgical interventions to the shoulder turned out to be obsolete. Hence, at the end of a series of various treatment procedures, arthrodetic surgery had to be performed to leave the young patient painfree, yet with a functional impairment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01682141
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Consequences of Selection on Muscle Composition. A Comparative Study on Gracilis Muscle in Wild and Domestic Pigs (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 24 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: European domestic pigs are derived from the European wild pig by genetic selection and differ in their muscular-growth ability. Thus, it was the aim of this study to investigate the consequences of genetic selection on muscle composition and fibre size in the gracilis muscle. Fibre typing based on the ATPase reaction revealed that this muscle in wild pigs is composed mainly of type-I and -IIa fibres, whereas, in domestic pigs, type-IIb fibres were predominant. For all fibre types, domestic pigs had about threefold larger fibres than wild pigs. Type-I fibres tended to be the smallest fibres in domestic pigs, but the largest fibres in wild pigs, which may be due to long-term training effects in the free-ranging animals. Giant fibres as an indicator of degeneration were obvious only in the domestic-pig samples. Their occurrence, as well as the larger fibre size and the predominance of type-IIb fibres in domestic pigs, may be ascribed to high concentrations of growth hormone. It is concluded that selection for muscular growth may favour metabolic dysbalances within the muscle and, therefore, degenerative processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.1995.tb00013.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The muscle in rehabilitation (1997)
    Springer
    Der Orthopäde 26 (1997), S. 930-934 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0431
    Keywords: Key words Muscle • Ischemia • Atrophy • Rehabilitation • Vitamin E ; Schlüsselwörter Muskel • Ischämie • Atrophie • Rehabilitation • Vitamin E
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nach orthopädisch-chirurgischen Eingriffen tritt die Muskulatur in einem vorgeschädigten Zustand in die Rehabilitationsphase ein, der durch folgende Charakteristika gekennzeichnet ist: Durch die in der Regel unter Blutsperre vorgenommene Operation liegt ein Ischämie-Reperfusions-Schaden vor, der in der Entstehung vor allem auf oxidativen Streß zurückgeführt wird. Durch nachfolgende Immobilisierung atrophiert die Muskulatur, wobei ätiologisch u. a. ein Verlust der Calciumhomöostase und oxidativer Streß von Bedeutung sind. Noch während der Immobilisation werden Degenerationsvorgänge im Muskel von Regenerationsmechanismen begleitet. Nach Remobilisierung ist der Muskel strukturell wenig belastbar und unterliegt häufig Innervationsstörungen. Hohe mechanische Belastungen sollten deshalb vermieden werden, und der Einsatz von Elektrostimulation kann die Wiederherstellung fördern. Im Hinblick auf die Rolle von Sauerstoffradikalen erscheint eine Supplementierung von Vitamin E allgemein angezeigt.
    Notes: Summary After orthopedic surgery, skeletal muscle will enter the rehabilitation process in weakened condition due to the following characteristics. After use of a tourniquet during surgery, the muscle suffers ischemia/reperfusion damage due to oxidative stress, resulting in structural impairment. The resulting immobilization leads to muscular atrophy, with a loss of calcium homeostasis and oxidative stress being of etiological significance. Degeneration of muscle fibers as well as regeneration occurs in muscle while still immobilized. After remobilization, the muscle has impaired functional capacity and frequently shows disturbances in its innervation pattern. High mechanical loading should therefore be avoided, and electrical stimulation may be applied to facilitate recovery. Considering the role of oxygen radicals, supplementation with vitamin E appears generally recommendable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00003345
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Administration of tourniquet (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 116 (1996), S. 101-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An experimental group of mice were subjected to a hindlimb tourniquet for 90 min followed by 60 min postischemic reperfusion (ischemia/reperfusion, I/R). Two further groups with the same experimental procedure received allopurinol to inhibit endothelial xanthine oxidase to produce oxygen free radicals (I/R-allo) or vitamin E as a radical scavenger (I/R-vitE). The soleus muscle was examined, and the contralateral muscle served as control. Glutathione (both reduced and oxidized forms, GSH and GSSG) concentrations and the relative protein content were measured. Additionally, the muscles were examined under the electron microscope for pathological alterations. The results showed: (i) the existence of much oxidative stress in the I/R group, but not in the I/R-allo and I/R-vitE groups; (ii) an increased protein content indicative for high capillary permeability in the I/R group, but not in the I/R-allo and I/R-vitE groups; (iii) considerably fewer capillary endothelial disturbances in the I/R-allo and I/R-vitE groups than in the I/R group. We conclude that allopurinol and vitamin E diminished the occurrence of oxidative stress and of edema in postischemic skeletal muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004020050078
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Administration of tourniquet (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 116 (1997), S. 97-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract One hindlimb of mice was subjected to 60, 90 and 120 min ischemia by application of a tourniquet followed by a 60-min reperfusion period. An additional experimental group received a tourniquet for 90 min without subsequent reperfusion. The soleus muscle (from the contralateral side also as control) was removed and evaluated for muscle weight, protein weight, protein content, and glutathione concentrations. Ischemia alone without subsequent reperfusion did not produce significant changes. With postischemic reperfusion, the protein content and muscle weight increased, probably because of an increased capillary permeability, leading to muscle edema. Oxidative stress was also present during reperfusion, correlating well with the changes in protein content. The intensity of these alterations appeared to depend on the period of ischemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00434110
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Administration of tourniquet (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 116 (1997), S. 101-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An experimental group of mice were subjected to a hindlimb tourniquet for 90 min followed by 60 min postischemic reperfusion (ischemia/reperfusion, I/R). Two further groups with the same experimental procedure received allopurinol to inhibit endothelial xanthine oxidase to produce oxygen free radicals (I/R-allo) or vitamin E as a radical scavenger (I/R-vitE). The soleus muscle was examined, and the contralateral muscle served as control. Glutathione (both reduced and oxidized forms, GSH and GSSG) concentrations and the relative protein content were measured. Additionally, the muscles were examined under the electron microscope for pathological alterations. The results showed: (i) the existence of much oxidative stress in the I/R group, but not in the I/R-allo and I/R-vitE groups; (ii) an increased protein content indicative for high capillary permeability in the I/R group, but not in the I/R-allo and I/R-vitE groups; (iii) considerably fewer capillary endothelial disturbances in the I/R-allo and I/R-vitE groups than in the I/R group. We conclude that allopurinol and vitamin E diminished the occurrence of oxidative stress and of edema in postischemic skeletal muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00434111
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Muscle biopsy — Still a matter of methodological considerations (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 106 (1987), S. 182-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird ein Verfahren der offenen Muskelbiopsie beschrieben, das für den Patienten wenig invasiv and für das Muskelgewebe atraumatisch ist und unter Lokalanästhesie durchgeführt wird. Die Muskelproben können aus einem definierten Bereich entnommen werden and gestatten die morphologisch-quantitative Auswertung eines hinreichend großen Materials, um zu zuverlässigen Ergebnissen zu gelangen. Die Vorteile der Methode gegenüber anderen Verfahren der offenen und Nadelbiopsie, insbesondere das Anästhesieverfahren, werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary A method of open muscle biopsy is described which is not so invasive for the patient and not traumatic for the muscle tissue. The biopsy is performed with the patient under local cutaneous anesthesia. The sample can be obtained from a defined part of the muscle. It allows morphological-quantitative evaluation of a sufficient amount of fibers to arrive at reliable results. The advantages of the described method compared with other open and needle biopsy procedures, especially with regard to the method of anesthesia, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00452207
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Administration of tourniquet (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 116 (1996), S. 97-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract One hindlimb of mice was subjected to 60, 90 and 120 min ischemia by application of a tourniquet followed by a 60-min reperfusion period. An additional experimental group received a tourniquet for 90 min without subsequent reperfusion. The soleus muscle (from the contralateral side also as control) was removed and evaluated for muscle weight, protein weight, protein content, and glutathione concentrations. Ischemia alone without subsequent reperfusion did not produce significant changes. With postischemic reperfusion, the protein content and muscle weight increased, probably because of an increased capillary permeability, leading to muscle edema. Oxidative stress was also present during reperfusion, correlating well with the changes in protein content. The intensity of these alterations appeared to depend on the period of ischemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004020050077
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Skeletal muscle damage during tourniquet-induced ischaemia (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 67 (1993), S. 342-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Tourniquet ; Ischaemia ; Skeletal muscle ; Damage ; Lysosomes ; Oedema ; Capillaries ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle of patients who had undergone anterior cruciate ligament surgery under conditions of tourniquet-induced ischaemia were examined under the electron microscope at different periods of time up to 90 min of ischaemia. The severity of the alterations in ultrastructure appeared to depend on the period of ischaemia. The pathological changes consisted of accumulation of lysosomes, persistent intrafibre oedema, and some extracellular oedema. Signs of fibre necrosis were found after 90 min of ischaemia. Capillary ultrastructure was only altered with regard to some swelling of the endothelium and marked thickening of the basement membrane. It was concluded that skeletal muscle could be severely affected even during relatively short periods of ischaemia, which might facilitate the development of muscle atrophy during immobilization after orthopaedic surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00357633
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Do invading leucocytes contribute to the decrease in glutathione concentrations indicating oxidative stress in exercised muscle, or are they important for its recovery? (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 68 (1994), S. 48-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Skeletal muscle ; Exercise ; Leucocyte invasion ; Oxidative stress ; Glutathione ; Colchicine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Mice were subjected to one session of strenuous running exercise and their soleus muscles were examined in respect of changes in ultrastructure and to their concentration of reduced glutathione [GSH] which are indicators of oxidative stress. It was hypothesized that invading leucocytes contributed to oxidative stress and they were functionally inhibited in one experimental group by the administration of colchicine. Exercise led to an immediate decrease in [GSH] of about 60%, which slowly recovered during 96 h after exercise. With the administration of colchicine after exercise, [GSH] was higher than in the untreated exercise group 48 h after exercise, indicating an inhibition of the ability of leucocytes to produce oxidative stress. However, at 96 h after exercise, [GSH] was lower in the treated exercise group than in the untreated group. The morphological evaluation of the percentage of affected fibres showed that the invasion of leucocytes increased muscle fibre damage. The results suggested that invading leucocytes enhanced production of reactive species of oxygen that may have participated in inducing muscle damage. However, inhibition of leucocyte invasion did not permit their scavenger action of removing cell debris, which appeared to produce even more oxidative stress in the muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00599241
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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