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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Consequences of Selection on Muscle Composition. A Comparative Study on Gracilis Muscle in Wild and Domestic Pigs (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 24 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: European domestic pigs are derived from the European wild pig by genetic selection and differ in their muscular-growth ability. Thus, it was the aim of this study to investigate the consequences of genetic selection on muscle composition and fibre size in the gracilis muscle. Fibre typing based on the ATPase reaction revealed that this muscle in wild pigs is composed mainly of type-I and -IIa fibres, whereas, in domestic pigs, type-IIb fibres were predominant. For all fibre types, domestic pigs had about threefold larger fibres than wild pigs. Type-I fibres tended to be the smallest fibres in domestic pigs, but the largest fibres in wild pigs, which may be due to long-term training effects in the free-ranging animals. Giant fibres as an indicator of degeneration were obvious only in the domestic-pig samples. Their occurrence, as well as the larger fibre size and the predominance of type-IIb fibres in domestic pigs, may be ascribed to high concentrations of growth hormone. It is concluded that selection for muscular growth may favour metabolic dysbalances within the muscle and, therefore, degenerative processes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.1995.tb00013.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The muscle in rehabilitation (1997)
    Springer
    Der Orthopäde 26 (1997), S. 930-934 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0431
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Muscle • Ischemia • Atrophy • Rehabilitation • Vitamin E ; Schlüsselwörter Muskel • Ischämie • Atrophie • Rehabilitation • Vitamin E
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Nach orthopädisch-chirurgischen Eingriffen tritt die Muskulatur in einem vorgeschädigten Zustand in die Rehabilitationsphase ein, der durch folgende Charakteristika gekennzeichnet ist: Durch die in der Regel unter Blutsperre vorgenommene Operation liegt ein Ischämie-Reperfusions-Schaden vor, der in der Entstehung vor allem auf oxidativen Streß zurückgeführt wird. Durch nachfolgende Immobilisierung atrophiert die Muskulatur, wobei ätiologisch u. a. ein Verlust der Calciumhomöostase und oxidativer Streß von Bedeutung sind. Noch während der Immobilisation werden Degenerationsvorgänge im Muskel von Regenerationsmechanismen begleitet. Nach Remobilisierung ist der Muskel strukturell wenig belastbar und unterliegt häufig Innervationsstörungen. Hohe mechanische Belastungen sollten deshalb vermieden werden, und der Einsatz von Elektrostimulation kann die Wiederherstellung fördern. Im Hinblick auf die Rolle von Sauerstoffradikalen erscheint eine Supplementierung von Vitamin E allgemein angezeigt.
    Notizen: Summary After orthopedic surgery, skeletal muscle will enter the rehabilitation process in weakened condition due to the following characteristics. After use of a tourniquet during surgery, the muscle suffers ischemia/reperfusion damage due to oxidative stress, resulting in structural impairment. The resulting immobilization leads to muscular atrophy, with a loss of calcium homeostasis and oxidative stress being of etiological significance. Degeneration of muscle fibers as well as regeneration occurs in muscle while still immobilized. After remobilization, the muscle has impaired functional capacity and frequently shows disturbances in its innervation pattern. High mechanical loading should therefore be avoided, and electrical stimulation may be applied to facilitate recovery. Considering the role of oxygen radicals, supplementation with vitamin E appears generally recommendable.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00003345
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Whiplash-like injury resulting in shoulder arthrodesis. A rare case of complex regional pain syndrome (2000)
    Springer
    European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology 10 (2000), S. 265-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1068
    Schlagwort(e): Complex regional pain syndrome ; Shoulder ; Scoliosis ; Muscle dystrophy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In this case report, the progression of the disease in a 14-years-old girl is described. Based on a minor cervical hyperextension and -flexion traumatization experienced during a basketball game she developed the symptoms of a non-reducible anterior shoulder instability and a subsequent thoracic scoliosis. Other symptoms resembled the clinical picture of a complex regional pain syndrome. Conservative and stabilizing surgical interventions to the shoulder turned out to be obsolete. Hence, at the end of a series of various treatment procedures, arthrodetic surgery had to be performed to leave the young patient painfree, yet with a functional impairment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01682141
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Muscle biopsy — Still a matter of methodological considerations (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 106 (1987), S. 182-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Es wird ein Verfahren der offenen Muskelbiopsie beschrieben, das für den Patienten wenig invasiv and für das Muskelgewebe atraumatisch ist und unter Lokalanästhesie durchgeführt wird. Die Muskelproben können aus einem definierten Bereich entnommen werden and gestatten die morphologisch-quantitative Auswertung eines hinreichend großen Materials, um zu zuverlässigen Ergebnissen zu gelangen. Die Vorteile der Methode gegenüber anderen Verfahren der offenen und Nadelbiopsie, insbesondere das Anästhesieverfahren, werden diskutiert.
    Notizen: Summary A method of open muscle biopsy is described which is not so invasive for the patient and not traumatic for the muscle tissue. The biopsy is performed with the patient under local cutaneous anesthesia. The sample can be obtained from a defined part of the muscle. It allows morphological-quantitative evaluation of a sufficient amount of fibers to arrive at reliable results. The advantages of the described method compared with other open and needle biopsy procedures, especially with regard to the method of anesthesia, are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00452207
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Administration of tourniquet (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 116 (1996), S. 101-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract An experimental group of mice were subjected to a hindlimb tourniquet for 90 min followed by 60 min postischemic reperfusion (ischemia/reperfusion, I/R). Two further groups with the same experimental procedure received allopurinol to inhibit endothelial xanthine oxidase to produce oxygen free radicals (I/R-allo) or vitamin E as a radical scavenger (I/R-vitE). The soleus muscle was examined, and the contralateral muscle served as control. Glutathione (both reduced and oxidized forms, GSH and GSSG) concentrations and the relative protein content were measured. Additionally, the muscles were examined under the electron microscope for pathological alterations. The results showed: (i) the existence of much oxidative stress in the I/R group, but not in the I/R-allo and I/R-vitE groups; (ii) an increased protein content indicative for high capillary permeability in the I/R group, but not in the I/R-allo and I/R-vitE groups; (iii) considerably fewer capillary endothelial disturbances in the I/R-allo and I/R-vitE groups than in the I/R group. We conclude that allopurinol and vitamin E diminished the occurrence of oxidative stress and of edema in postischemic skeletal muscle.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004020050078
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Administration of tourniquet (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 116 (1997), S. 97-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract One hindlimb of mice was subjected to 60, 90 and 120 min ischemia by application of a tourniquet followed by a 60-min reperfusion period. An additional experimental group received a tourniquet for 90 min without subsequent reperfusion. The soleus muscle (from the contralateral side also as control) was removed and evaluated for muscle weight, protein weight, protein content, and glutathione concentrations. Ischemia alone without subsequent reperfusion did not produce significant changes. With postischemic reperfusion, the protein content and muscle weight increased, probably because of an increased capillary permeability, leading to muscle edema. Oxidative stress was also present during reperfusion, correlating well with the changes in protein content. The intensity of these alterations appeared to depend on the period of ischemia.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00434110
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Administration of tourniquet (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 116 (1996), S. 97-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract One hindlimb of mice was subjected to 60, 90 and 120 min ischemia by application of a tourniquet followed by a 60-min reperfusion period. An additional experimental group received a tourniquet for 90 min without subsequent reperfusion. The soleus muscle (from the contralateral side also as control) was removed and evaluated for muscle weight, protein weight, protein content, and glutathione concentrations. Ischemia alone without subsequent reperfusion did not produce significant changes. With postischemic reperfusion, the protein content and muscle weight increased, probably because of an increased capillary permeability, leading to muscle edema. Oxidative stress was also present during reperfusion, correlating well with the changes in protein content. The intensity of these alterations appeared to depend on the period of ischemia.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004020050077
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Administration of tourniquet (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 116 (1997), S. 101-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract An experimental group of mice were subjected to a hindlimb tourniquet for 90 min followed by 60 min postischemic reperfusion (ischemia/reperfusion, I/R). Two further groups with the same experimental procedure received allopurinol to inhibit endothelial xanthine oxidase to produce oxygen free radicals (I/R-allo) or vitamin E as a radical scavenger (I/R-vitE). The soleus muscle was examined, and the contralateral muscle served as control. Glutathione (both reduced and oxidized forms, GSH and GSSG) concentrations and the relative protein content were measured. Additionally, the muscles were examined under the electron microscope for pathological alterations. The results showed: (i) the existence of much oxidative stress in the I/R group, but not in the I/R-allo and I/R-vitE groups; (ii) an increased protein content indicative for high capillary permeability in the I/R group, but not in the I/R-allo and I/R-vitE groups; (iii) considerably fewer capillary endothelial disturbances in the I/R-allo and I/R-vitE groups than in the I/R group. We conclude that allopurinol and vitamin E diminished the occurrence of oxidative stress and of edema in postischemic skeletal muscle.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00434111
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fine structural changes in electrostimulated human skeletal muscle (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 57 (1988), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Schlagwort(e): Electrical stimulation ; Skeletal muscle ; Fast muscle fibres ; Training ; Stereology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Physical education students were subjected to electrical stimulation of relatively high frequency and current amplitude for 19 days. A quantitative study of several morphological parameters was performed on biopsy samples from gastrocnemius, using stereological methods at both light and electron microscopic levels. The main results were: muscle fibre size was increased; nuclear volume was also increased, suggesting that a proliferation of nuclei had occurred; this was paralleled by an increased content of nuclear DNA. The size of single myonuclei was increased, and their heterochromatin fraction was decreased, these changes being most pronounced in type II fibres. The increase in the mitochondrial fraction was also greatest in type II fibres. It is concluded that this type of electrical stimulation has predominant effects on type II fibres.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691229
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Skeletal muscle damage during tourniquet-induced ischaemia (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 67 (1993), S. 342-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Schlagwort(e): Tourniquet ; Ischaemia ; Skeletal muscle ; Damage ; Lysosomes ; Oedema ; Capillaries ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle of patients who had undergone anterior cruciate ligament surgery under conditions of tourniquet-induced ischaemia were examined under the electron microscope at different periods of time up to 90 min of ischaemia. The severity of the alterations in ultrastructure appeared to depend on the period of ischaemia. The pathological changes consisted of accumulation of lysosomes, persistent intrafibre oedema, and some extracellular oedema. Signs of fibre necrosis were found after 90 min of ischaemia. Capillary ultrastructure was only altered with regard to some swelling of the endothelium and marked thickening of the basement membrane. It was concluded that skeletal muscle could be severely affected even during relatively short periods of ischaemia, which might facilitate the development of muscle atrophy during immobilization after orthopaedic surgery.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00357633
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