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  • 1
    ISSN: 1600-0560
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: B Cells in skin lesions of a pleomorphic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with reactive germinal center hyperplasia were analyzed for their immunoglobulin VHDJH gene rearrangements by micromanipulation and single cell polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. In B lymphocytes located in germinal center-like structures, we found in 11/16 different VHDJH rearrangements completely Unmutaied VH genes, suggesting that those cells did not undergo antigen-driven selection. Two VH genes showed more than 98% germ-line identity. In only three cells VH segments were somatically mutated to a higher extent, but two of these rearrangements were non-productive. These results diller markedly from what we have previously detected in B cells present in mycosis fungoides, another entity of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas where the Ig gene repertoire resembles the situation in peripheral blood with a significantly higher proportion of mutated VH genes. When investigating the large atypical B cells strongly expressing CD30 which were detected within the T-cell zone outside the germinal centers. we found again, in most cases, that the rearranged VH genes were completely unmutated. The B cells were of polyclonal origin. Due to this comparable Ig gene repertoire and mutational pattern, we suggest that these cells descend from the germinal center centroblasts, which migrated into the T-cell zone and obviously became stimulated to express the CD30 marker. The mieromanipulation technique and molecular analysis on the single cell level may provide an important Input into our understanding of the mechanisms of immune regulation in cutaneous lymphomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of cutaneous pathology 24 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0560
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Recently, a Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) was discovered. We evaluated by PCR 14 paraffin-embedded specimens with the histological diagnosis of endemic, classic and HFV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) for the presence of the KSHV DNA sequence. In addition, biopsies of adjacent, histologically unaffected skin, peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HIV-infected KS patients, PBMCs of one classic KS patient, and specimens of patients with hemangioproliferative disorders other than KS as well as samples of cutaneous T-and B-cell lymphoma were analyzed for KSHV. In all cases of KS, independent of the KS subtype, KSHV was detected in lesional skin. No KSHV was found in biopsies of the adjacent unaffected skin or PBMCs of HFV-infected KS patients. We found KSHV in the PBMCs of a patient with classical KS. All specimens of cutaneous T-and B-cell lymphomas or lymphomatoid papulosis were negative for KSHV. In addition, the samples with hemangioproliferative disorders other than KS were negative for KSHV. There was one borderline case of KS or acroangiodermatitis that was positive for KSHV. Additional histological sections and clinical evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of classic KS. In summary, the data indicate that PCR for KSHV should be a useful diagnostic tool in cases of hemangioproliferative disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Diabetes mellitus ; Kutane Komplikationen ; Sklerödem ; Key words Diabetes mellitus ; Cutaneous complications ; Scleroderma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary We report on four patients who developed thickened skin on the neck and back after a long history of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Pathogenesis, histology and methods of treatment are discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird über vier Patienten berichtet, die nach langjährigem Bestehen eines insulinpflichtigen Diabetes mellitus ein Sklerödem der Rückenhaut entwickelten. Am Beispiel dieser Fälle werden Pathogenese, Histologie und Therapiemöglichkeiten diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Zytotoxische Lymphome ; Expression zytotoxischer Proteine ; Primäre und sekundäre Hautmanifestation ; Aggressiver klinischer Verlauf ; Key words Cytotoxic lymphomas ; Expression of cytotoxic proteins ; Primary and secondary skin manifestation ; Aggressive clinical course
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Cytotoxic lymphomas are peripheral T- and natural killer-cell lymphomas with primary or secondary skin manifestations. They constitute a heterogenous group of lymphoproliferative disease. They are characterized by expression of cytotoxic proteins and are frequently associated with an aggressive clinical course. A brief introduction to cytotoxic lymphocytes and proteins is followed by a detailed description of clinical, histological, immunohistochemical and genetic characteristics of cutaneous cytotoxic lymophomas.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zytotoxische Lymphome sind periphere T- und Natural-Killer-Zell-Lymphome, die sich entweder primär oder sekundär in der Haut manifestieren können. Sie bilden eine heterogene Gruppe lymphoproliferativer Erkrankungen, denen die Expression zytotoxischer Proteine und ein meist klinisch aggressiver Verlauf gemein ist. Einer kurzen Übersicht ¨ber zytotoxische Lymphozyten folgt eine detaillierte Beschreibung klinischer, histologischer, immunhistochemischer und genetischer Charakteristika der kutanen zytotoxischen Lymphome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Mycosis fungoides ; Klonalitätsanalyse ; T-Zellrezeptor γ ; PCR ; Key words Mycosis fungoides ; Clonality analysis ; T cell receptor γ ; PCR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The monoclonal dominant malignant T cells in mycosis fungoides (MF) carry identical TCRγ rearrangements. Their detection is a useful diagnostic tool. Thus, in routine diagnosis we investigated the occurrence of monoclonal T cells in skin biopsy samples of MF-patients by TCRγ-PCR, followed by temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE). In 188 out of 208 MF patients, at least one skin sample with sufficient DNA quality for PCR analysis was obtained. Applying a consensus PCR for the TCRγ genes VγI and Jγ 1/2, we detected monoclonal T cells in 122 cases (65%). In the remaining 66 cases, we performed two multiplex-PCRs, covering rearrangements of the other TCRγ genes. Here we found in 11 cases (6%) predominant clonal rearrangements of VγII–IV and Jγ 1/2 and in 2 (1%) those of VγI–IV and Jγ P1/2. In patients with MF, detecting rearrangements of only VγI and Jγ 1/2 is sufficient for PCR screening analysis. In 53 of the patients (28%) the applied methods revealed no monoclonal T cells. This may be due to a low cell number, oligoclonal nature, chromosomal abberations or remaining of TCR in germline configuration.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Maligne, klonal expandierte T-Zellen bei der Mykosis fungoides (MF) besitzen identische T-Zellrezeptor- (TCR-)Rearrangements, deren Nachweis für die Diagnosestellung sehr hilfreich ist. Wir untersuchten routinemäßig Hautbioptate von Patienten mit verschiedenen Verdachtsdiagnosen mittel TCRγ-PCR und Temperaturgradienten-Gelelektrophorese (TGGE). In 188 von 208 MF-Patienten konnte amplifizierbare DNA aus mindestens einer Hautprobe gewonnen werden. Mittels Konsensus-PCR für die Gensegmente VγI und Jγ 1/2 ließen sich klonale T-Zellen in 122 dieser 188 Fälle (65%) nachweisen. Für die Proben der verbleibenden 66 Patienten erfolgten jeweils 2 Multiplex-PCR für Rearrangements anderer TCRγ-Gene. Klonale Kombinationen von VγII,III,IV mit Jγ1,2 ergaben sich bei 11 Patienten, von VγI,II,III,IV mit JγP1,P2 nur bei 2 Patienten. Als Klonalitätsscreening genügt folglich eine PCR für Rearrangements von VγI und Jγ 1/2. Bei 53 Patienten (28%) konnten wir mit unseren Methoden keine klonal dominierenden T-Zellen finden. Dies läßt sich mit zu geringen Zellzahlen, Oligoklonalität, chromosomalen Abberationen oder TCR in Keimbahnkonfiguration erklären.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Keywords Melanoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; SM5-1 ; HMB-45 ; S100
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Antibodies such as HMB-45 and anti-S100 protein have been widely used as markers of malignant melanoma despite evidence that HMB-45 has a sensitivity of only 67–93% and S100 is nonspecific for melanoma. Using a subtractive immunization protocol in a mouse model of human melanoma, we have generated several monoclonal antibodies with putative specificity for melanoma. After initial screenings, the antibody SM5-1 was chosen because of its intriguing reactivity with melanocytic tumors in both frozen and paraffin sections. The immunohistochemical staining of SM5-1 was studied in paraffin-embedded specimens of 401 melanomas (n = 401; 250 primary melanomas, 151 metastases), melanocytic nevi of the skin (n = 16), nonmelanocytic neoplasms (n = 84). The results were compared with HMB-45 and anti-S100 staining. All antibodies reacted with nevi and 97–99% with primary melanomas. Whereas both SM5-1 and anti-S100 stained 96% (146/151) of melanoma metastases, HMB-45 correctly identified only 83% (126/151). All HMB-45-negative metastases were positive for SM5-1. Whereas neither SM5-1 nor HMB-45 stained any of 84 specimens from 40 different nonmelanocytic neoplasms, anti-S100 was positive in 21/84 (25%). While the staining pattern of SM5-1 was mostly homogeneous, small tumor areas in some metastases remained unstained. Staining with SM5-1 was also observed in perivascular dendritic cells, in plasma cells, some myofibroblasts and the secretion of eccrine sweat glands. Nonactivated epidermal melanocytes, keratinocytes, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and peripheral nerves were all negative for SM5-1. These results suggest that SM5-1 is highly specific, as well as sensitive, for melanocytic lesions and is useful in the immunohistochemical evaluation of melanoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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