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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Can we detect cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection by cytomorphology alone? Diagnostic value of non-classic cytological signs of HPV effect in minimally abnormal Pap tests (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Cytopathology 16 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2303
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective:  Our aim was to assess the validity of non-classical cytological signs in minimally abnormal cervical smears for the prediction of HPV infection.Methods:  164 ThinPrep monolayers were re-screened for mild nuclear changes, disorders of keratinisation, abortive koilocytes and ‘measles cells’, as well as degenerative changes. HPV DNA was detected by GP5+/6+ and MY09/MY11 consensus primer PCR assays.Results:  Seventy six of 164 cases (46.3%) had HPV positivity by PCR. All cytomorphological features studied were significantly associated with the presence of HPV. Mild nuclear changes had 100% sensitivity and 100% negative predictive value for HPV infection.Conclusions:  Our results indicate that non-classic cytomorphological signs can improve the sensitivity of cytology for detecting HPV. Minimally abnormal Pap smears lacking mild nuclear changes (16%) in the present study – do not require further molecular HPV testing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2303.2004.00179.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative methodological analysis of erbB-2/HER-2 gene dosage, chromosomal copy number and protein overexpression in breast carcinoma tissues for diagnostic use (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 37 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aims: This study was performed to test the validity of different methods for determining the status of the erbB-2/HER-2 oncogene in breast cancer tissues for diagnostic use.Methods and results: Forty formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded breast carcinomas were investigated by fluorescence in situ and comparative genomic hybridization (FISH, CGH) as well as by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using Dako-HercepTestTM and CB11 antibody (Ventana). Additionally, competitive-differential polymerase chain reaction (cdPCR) was performed on frozen samples to estimate gene dosage alterations of erbB-2/HER-2. Amplification was detected in 12–23% and protein overexpression in 16–68% of the cases, depending on the methodology and/or the reagent used. Perfect concordance (100%) was found between the results of cdPCR and CB11-IHC, and a 97% concordance between FISH and CB11-IHC. The concordance between Dako-HercepTestTM and CB11-IHC was 78%; seven of eight 2 + carcinomas with the Dako-HercepTestTM were classified as nonamplified using FISH.Conclusions: Our results indicate that high-level expression as well as normal erbB-2/HER-2 status of breast carcinomas can be detected reliably both by IHC and gene dosage assessment in paraffin material for diagnostic use. However, borderline results, especially those with 2 + immunopositivity, should be interpreted with caution and increased emphasis should be given to other clinical and prognostic information available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.2000.00984.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytokeratin 5/6 immunohistochemistry assists the differential diagnosis of atypical proliferations of the breast (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 37 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aims:This study was performed to determine the diagnostic value of keratin 5/6 (CK 5/6) immunophenotyping on routinely processed breast tissues.Methods and results:Six hundred and ninety-nine breast lesions, including normal tissues as well as benign and malignant lesions in 321 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples from 158 different patients were investigated immunohistochemically, following wet autoclave pre-treatment for antigen retrieval. In normal breast tissues, both myoepithelial and luminal epithelial cells expressed CK 5/6 in varying amounts. While myoepithelial immunoreactivity was most pronounced in the duct system, luminal epithelial immunoreactivity was strongest in the terminal duct lobular units. In ductal hyperplasias (DH), luminal epithelial cells predominantly revealed CK 5/6 immunoreaction. In contrast, neoplastic epithelial cells in atypical ductal and lobular hyperplasias (ADH and ALH) lacked such an expression, whereas in ductal in-situ carcinomas (DCIS) and in infiltrating ductal carcinomas 3.7% and 7.7%, of the cases respectively, showed positive immunostaining for CK 5/6.Conclusions:Immunophenotyping of keratin 5/6 expression can be helpful in the diagnosis of atypical hyperplasias and in-situ carcinomas of the breast. It is particularly valuable in the differential diagnosis between benign and atypical proliferative lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.2000.00882.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gains and losses of CD44 expression during breast carcinogenesis and tumour progression (1998)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 33 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study was performed to investigate whether the CD44 immunophenotype of breast lesions correlates with the clinical evolution and prognosis of breast cancer.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods and resultsOne-hundred and fifty-two routinely processed normal, benign and malignant breast tissue samples were investigated by the following monoclonal antibodies: CD44 s (F10–44–2), CD44v3 (3G5), CD44v4 (11.10), CD44v5 (VFF-8), CD44v6 (VFF-18), CD44v7 (VFF-9), CD44v9 (11–24) after wet autoclave pretreatment for antigen retrieval. We found that: (1) in normal breast tissues luminal epithelial cells lacked detectable CD44 in contrast to basal cells, which constitutionally expressed CD44 s, v3, v5 v6 and v9 isoforms; (2) in the intraductal compartment of benign hyperplastic lesions, there was scattered or focal staining for CD44 s, v5, v6, v7 and v9 isoforms; (3) in neoplastic lesions restricted neo-expression of CD44v3 and v4 was detected; and (4) the CD44 immunophenotype of invasive breast carcinomas was influenced largely by differentiation grade, steroid receptor status of the tumours and significantly correlated with metastatic involvement of the axillary lymph nodes.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉ConclusionsQualitative and quantitative changes of CD44 expression are implicated in early stages of breast carcinogenesis. The restricted neo-expression of certain CD44 isoforms in breast neoplasias suggests that CD44 might be a potential target for future antibody-based tumour therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.1998.00472.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prognostic and predictive factors in oral cancer: the role of the invasive tumour front (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 29 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Most decisions for cancer patients are now made on the basis of prognostic and predictive factors. However, due to the limited prognostic value of conventional tumour/nodal/metastasis staging and histopathological grading in oral cancer, a large group of patients are still over- or under-treated with significant personal and socioeconomical impact. Recent work indicates that morphological and functional characteristics of the invasive tumour front underlie the biological aggressiveness of oral cancer. Incorporation of these concepts into a prognostic system will better reflect the biologic diversity of oral cancer and more accurately predict clinical outcomes and responses to particular types of adjuvant therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0714.2000.290701.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ assessment of cell proliferation at the invasive front of oral squamous cell carcinomas (1996)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 429 (1996), S. 229-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Oral cancer ; Proliferation ; Archival immunohistochemistry ; MIB1 ; Wet autoclave antigen retrieval
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) the histopathological malignancy grading of the invasive front has been found to offer the most reliable prognostic parameter. In the present study we compared such tumour front grading of 100 OSCCs with the in situ growth fraction demonstrated by MIB1 immunostaining following wet autoclave antigen retrieval. MIB1 labelling indices (LIs) were estimated both at the invasive front and in the central parts of OSCCs using two different evaluation methods (overall and random counting) to investigate whether MIB1 LIs represent a possible biological background for the tumour front grading. Statistically highly significantly increased MIB1 LIs were found at the invasive tumour fronts with both counting methods compared with the centres of the same tumours. For LI estimation the classic overall counting procedure proved to be superior. However, in contrast to tumour front grading, MIB1 LIs revealed no correlation with the clinical outcome of the patients concerned. Our results demonstrate that the invasive tumour front of an OSCC is composed of (a) tumour subpopulation(s) with higher proliferative activity. However, determination of the proliferative activity by MIB1 of this tumour area offers no prognostic information.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198338
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural localization and internalization of proteoglycan epitopes in a human non-Hodgkin (B) lymphoma (1990)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 94 (1990), S. 419-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a human non-Hodgkin (B) lymphoma xenograft (HT-117) heparan sulphate (HS) proved to be the main cell surface glycosaminoglycan, in contrast to the chondroitin sulphate dominance in normal lymphoid cells. Using anti-proteoglycan (PG) antibodies and immunoelectronmicroscopy, two heparan sulphate proteoglycans (transferrin receptor (TfR) and fibroblast membrane type) and one chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (articular cartilage type) molecule were co-localized as random clusters on the surface of these lymphoma cells. Double labelling revealed that during internalization, which occurred via endosomes avoiding the lysosomal system, the different proteoglycan (PG) antigens became separated. The TfR and fibroblast membrane type HSPG epitopes reappeared on plasmalemmal vesicles derived most probably from the multivesicular endosomes, representing a unique form of exocytosis. It is suggested that different cell membrane PGs are integrated into subunits of yet unknown function in these human non-Hodgkin (B) lymphoma cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266450
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Standardisierte AgNOR-Färbemethode für formalinfixiertes und paraffineingebettetes Material (1994)
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 15 (1994), S. 226-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter AgNOR ; Silberkolloidfärbung ; Formalinfixiertes Gewebe ; Paraffineingebettetes Gewebe ; Key words Agnor staining method ; Formalin-fixed material ; Paraffin-embedded material
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Visualization of proteins associated with nucleolar organizer regions proteins (AgNORs) on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded archival tissues is substantially improved after application of wet autoclave pretreatment. Silver staining results are comparable to those obtained on tissues processed in alcoholbased fixatives, illustrating AgNORs as substructures of the nucleoli without any staining artefacts. A highly reproducible staining quality was achieved irrespective of tissue origin or duration of formalin fixation. As a result of this novel and simple method, the grounds have been prepared for standardized AgNOR quantification on archival material.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In dieser Studie wird eine Methode zum Nachweis von sog. argyrophilen Nukleolus Organisator Regionen assoziierten Proteinen (AgNORs) vorgestellt, die es erstmalig erlaubt, diese als Teilstrukturen des Nukleolus an formalinfixiertem und paraffineingebetteten Gewebe zu erkennen. Mit einer Vorbehandlung durch feuchte Autoklavierung werden am archivierten Material Färbeergebnisse erzielt, wie sie an alkoholfixiertem Frischmaterial erreicht wurden. Sämtliche Färbeartefakte entfallen mit dieser neuen Methode. Weitere Vorteile bieten die einfache Handhabung sowie die Tatsache, daß auch bei unterschiedlicher Fixations- und Einbettungsdauer standardisierte und somit vergleichbare Ergebnisse erzielt werden. Das vorgestellte Verfahren bietet somit die Möglichkeit, die Wertigkeit der AgNOR-Quantifizierung auch an archiviertem Paraffinmaterial in retrospektiven Studien reproduzierbar zu evaluieren.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002920050049
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Das Tumorsuppressorgen p53 Die theoretischen Grundlagen und ihre Bedeutung für die Pathologie (1996)
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 17 (1996), S. 181-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter p53 ; Molekularpathologie- Kanzerogenese ; Key words p53 ; Molecular pathology ; Carcinogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Mutations of the p53 tumor-suppressor gene are the most common genetic alterations in human cancer, found in approximately 50 % of all tumors. The importance of p53 in human cancer attracts attention in molecular studies dealing with the pathogenesis, diagnosis and prognosis in tumor pathology. This review summarizes the current understanding of p53 both on the genetic and protein level. Frequency and spectrum of somatic p53 mutations in the carcinogenesis of breast cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, squamous-cell carcinoma of the skin and malignant melanoma are discussed including our own investigations and studies published in the literature.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mutationen des p53-Tumorsuppressorgens lassen sich in etwa 50 % aller menschlichen Tumoren nachweisen. Seine Bedeutung für die Entstehung menschlicher Krebserkrankungen macht dieses Gen zu einem zentralen Interesse molekularpathologischer Untersuchungen, die die Erfassung pathogenetischer, diagnostischer und prognostischer Parameter in der Tumorpathologie zum Inhalt haben. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden wesentliche Aspekte der Funktion des p53-Tumorsuppressorgens und des von ihm kodierten Proteins dargestellt. Unter Berücksichtigung eigener Untersuchungen und der Literatur werden Häufigkeit und Spektrum somatischer p53-Mutationen in der Kanzerogenese des Mammakarzinoms, des kolorektalen Karzinoms, des Magenkarzinoms, des hepatozellulären Karzinoms, des Plattenepithelkarzinoms der Haut sowie des malignen Melanoms diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002920050153
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wet autoclave pretreatment for immunohistochemical demonstration of oestrogen receptors in routinely processed breast carcinoma tissue (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 27 (1995), S. 148-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The immunohistochemical demonstration of oestrogen receptor (OR) was performed on 32 randomly selected and routinely processed breast carcinomas after wet autoclave pretreatment of sections. The autoclave method was compared to the OR status found on frozen sections as well as to alternative pretreatment methods such as enzymatic predigestion and microwave irradiation. Using four different monoclonal antibody clones (H222, LH1, CC4-5, ID5.26), the OR status was evaluated for each of the various pretreatment methods applied. All cases with a high OR content on frozen sections (n = 11) also showed a high OR status on wet autoclave-pretreated paraffin tissues using antibody clones 1D5.26 and CC4-5; in cases with low OR content on frozen sections, no false-negative cases were recorded using only the antibody 1D5.26 neither after wet autoclave nor microwave pretreatment. In addition, with this antibody, OR was detectable after autoclave pretreatment in two cases which were considered to be OR-negative even on frozen sections. When the primary antibody was omitted, no false-positive cases were observed after wet autoclave pretreatment. Thus, in our hands, wet autoclave pretreatment, in combination with the antibody 1D5.26, offers a highly sensitive method for the immunohistochemical demonstration of OR in routinely formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of breast carcinomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00243910
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