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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: By means of immunohistochemistry we analysed the distribution of chromogranin A, secretogranin II and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in 16 phaeochromocytomas, twotases of combined phaeochromocytoma-ganglioneuroma and sour adrenal ganglioneuromas. Chromogranin A was found in the majority of phaeochromocytes and in mixed phaeochromocytomas-ganglioneuromas. Secretogranin II was present to a lesser degree in phaeochromocytes, but strong immunostaining was found in most ganglion cells of phaeochromocytomas, in the ganglioneuroma component of combined tumours and in adrenal ganglioneuromas. Vasoactive intestinal peptide was present in some ganglion cells of phaeochromocytomas, in the ganglioneuroma component of mixed tumours and in three of four adrenal ganglioneuromas. On semi-adjacent sections a co-localization of VIP and secretogranin II was demonstrated. These results indicate that neuronal differentiation is accompanied by an increased immunohistochemical expression of secretogranin II. Therefore, secretogranin II may be a useful marker for ganglion cell differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aims: This study was performed to test the validity of different methods for determining the status of the erbB-2/HER-2 oncogene in breast cancer tissues for diagnostic use.Methods and results: Forty formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded breast carcinomas were investigated by fluorescence in situ and comparative genomic hybridization (FISH, CGH) as well as by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using Dako-HercepTestTM and CB11 antibody (Ventana). Additionally, competitive-differential polymerase chain reaction (cdPCR) was performed on frozen samples to estimate gene dosage alterations of erbB-2/HER-2. Amplification was detected in 12–23% and protein overexpression in 16–68% of the cases, depending on the methodology and/or the reagent used. Perfect concordance (100%) was found between the results of cdPCR and CB11-IHC, and a 97% concordance between FISH and CB11-IHC. The concordance between Dako-HercepTestTM and CB11-IHC was 78%; seven of eight 2 + carcinomas with the Dako-HercepTestTM were classified as nonamplified using FISH.Conclusions: Our results indicate that high-level expression as well as normal erbB-2/HER-2 status of breast carcinomas can be detected reliably both by IHC and gene dosage assessment in paraffin material for diagnostic use. However, borderline results, especially those with 2 + immunopositivity, should be interpreted with caution and increased emphasis should be given to other clinical and prognostic information available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0165-4608
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Routinely processed normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic prostatic tissue was immunohistochemically investigated with antibodies against chromogranin A and B and secretogranin II. In normal and hyperplastic prostates all three peptides were immunolocalized in scattered neuroendocrine cells situated within the glandular epithelium. In 17 prostatic carcinomas with pronounced neuroendocrine differentiation and in a case of prostatic carcinoid, chromogranin B was the major component whereas chromogranin A and secretogranin II were virtually absent in poorly differentiated (grade III) tumours. Neuroendocrine differentiation in prostatic cancer is most likely to be associated with a poor clinical outcome; thus, chromogranin B appears to be a useful marker in the histopathological diagnosis of these neoplasms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: neuroblastoma ; prognosis ; telomerase activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Treatment of neuroblastoma has remained a major challenge in pediatric oncology because the assessment of the individual prognosis, particularly in disseminated disease is still obscure. Previous studies have correlated clinical outcome with activity levels of telomerase, a cellular reverse transcriptase which has been detected in the majority of human malignant tumors. Patients and methods: In this blind-trial study, a non-radioactive telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) with an internal telomerase-assay standard was used on an automated laser fluorescence sequencer for the detection and semiquantitative analysis of telomerase activity (TA) in 67 neuroblastomas of all clinical stages from the German Neuroblastoma Trial and 2 ganglioneuromas. TA levels were correlated with event-free and overall survival rates and established prognostic markers such as MYCN. Results: TA was present in 14 of 69 (20%) samples, including 3 of 22 stage IVS, 8 of 14 stage IV, 1 of 10 stage III, 1 of 7 stage II and 1 of 14 stage I neuroblastomas and 0 of 2 ganglioneuromas. We found a strong statistical correlation between the presence of TA and poor clinical prognosis with regard to all tumor stages. Multivariate analysis revealed TA as an independent prognostic marker. In particular, the analysis of TA in IVS neuroblastomas distinguished two different prognostic groups. Conclusions: Our data suggest that TA is an independent prognostic marker in neuroblastoma which, in combination with other markers such as MYCN, may proof useful in assessing the individual patient's prognosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Onkologe 5 (1999), S. 847-854 
    ISSN: 1433-0415
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In den westlichen Industrieländern stellen Tumorerkrankungen z. Z. die zweithäufigste Todesursache nach Erkrankungen des Kreislaufsystems dar. Im Laufe des letzten Jahrzehnts ist vor allem durch die Entwicklung neuer molekularbiologischer Analysemethoden deutlich geworden, daß„Krebs” eine Krankheit ist, die durch genetische Veränderungen bedingt wird. Die Entstehung von malignen Tumoren ist ein komplexer mehrschichtiger Prozeß, der durch eine Anhäufung von Mutationen im Genom der betroffenen Zelle charakterisiert ist. Mutationen können durch physikalische Noxen (z. B. UV-Licht), chemische Karzinogene (z. B. Tabakrauch) oder onkogene Viren verursacht werden [11, 33, 50]. Für die Kanzerogenese und Progression von Tumoren sind vor allem Mutationen dreier bestimmter Gengruppen entscheidend, die als Onkogene, Tumorsuppressorgene und Mutatorgene bezeichnet werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Onkologe 4 (1998), S. 671-681 
    ISSN: 1433-0415
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassend zeigen die aufgeführten Methoden und Beispiele, daß die Molekularbiologie einen diagnostisch und klinisch relevanten Bereich in der Onkologie darstellt. Die Erfassung Tumor-assoziierter molekularer Veränderungen wie Mutationen, Deletionen, Amplifikationen und Translokationen läßt sich für einige Tumorentitäten diagnostisch, prognostisch und therapierelevant einsetzen. Dem Pathologen kommt hier eine ganz besondere und verantwortungsvolle Aufgabe zu, diese Veränderungen in der Zusammenschau mit dem phänotypischen Erscheinungsbild eines Tumors in Verbindung zu bringen. Literatur
    Notes: Die maligne Transformation einer Zelle ist ein komplexer mehrschichtiger Prozeß, der zu einer Anhäufung von genetischen Veränderungen im Genom der betroffenen Zelle führt, die durch verschiedene Alterationen hervorgerufen werden können. Zelluläre Mechanismen, die das biologische Verhalten einer Zelle wie Proliferation, Differenzierung, Motilität und Absterben regulieren, sind besonders betroffen. Die rasche Entwicklung in der molekularen Genetik und Zellbiologie leitet eine neue Phase der Krebsforschung ein, an die große Erwartungen für die Erkennung und Behandlung von Krebserkrankungen geknüpft werden. Die bisherigen Erkenntnisse, insbesondere über Onkogene und Tumorsuppressorgene, sind u. a. Gegenstand dieses Artikels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Key words Ovarian tumor ; Children ; Hypercalcemia ; Small-Cell carcinoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Tumors of the ovary in girls represent about 80% of pediatric genital tumors; approximately 30% of these tumors are malignant. The risk of malignancy increases with decreasing age. The most frequent finding is a teratoma; other tumors are rare. Small-cell carcinoma (SCCO) of the ovary is extremely rare, occurring mostly in young women. We present an 8-year-old girl with a SCCO of the hypercalcemic type. The findings and treatment are discussed with emphasis on the poor prognosis in these patients, even in stage 1 disease. The current literature is reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Gastric cancer ; p53 tumour-suppressor gene ; Mutation spectrum ; Dietary mutagens ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The p53 tumour-suppressor gene plays an important role in gastric carcinogenesis. In an analysis of the spectrum of mutations of the p53 gene seen in 56 primary gastric carcinomas of various types and grades of differentiation, the entire coding sequence (exons 2–11) of the p53 gene was screened by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and direct genomic sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products. Intragenic restriction site polymorphisms and the probe YNZ22 were used for the detection of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the p53 gene locus on chromosome 17p. p53 overexpression was studied with the anti-p53 antibody CM-1. A total of 21 somatic alterations of the p53 gene were found. Twenty were base-pair substitutions, and one was an eight base-pair deletion. Six tumours with p53 mutations revealed LOH. Abnormalities in p53 expression were found in 17 tumour samples, of which 16 had gene mutations. The spectrum of mutations observed was consistent with the predicted spectrum for dietary mutagens associated with the metabolism of nitrogenous compounds, resulting in deamination of nucleic acids. Our findings suggest that p53 could be a primary target for mutations associated with dietary carcinogens in gastric carcinogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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