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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Progressive ataxia of Charolais cattle associated with disordered myelin (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 29 (1974), S. 127-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Leucodystrophy ; Myelin ; Cattle ; Oligodendrocyte ; Node of Ranvier
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pathology of a recently recognised progressive disorder of myelin in mature Charolais cattle is described. Clinical signs are first noticed at 8–24 months of age and progress from slight ataxia to recumbency over a period of 1–2 years. Lesions are microscopic and restricted to the white matter of the central nervous system. They are most marked in the internal capsule, cerebellar white matter and spinal cord and consist of multiple eosinophilic plaques. Ultrastructurally the lesions are associated with the nodal region of the myelin sheath. They are composed of disordered myelin, hypertrophied and hyperplastic oligodendrocytic tongues and many small processes which originate from these. There is evidence of myelin breakdown, but this does not elicit a phagocytic response. The aetiology of this condition is not known but the nature of the pathological process suggests a basic derangement of the myelin bearing cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00684771
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural changes of the central nervous system in swayback (enzootic Ataxia) of lambs (1969)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 12 (1969), S. 307-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Swayback of Lambs ; Electron Microscopy ; Corpus Callosum ; Myelogenesis ; Axonal Changes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung des Corpus callosum normaler Lämmer und von solchen mit „Swayback” (enzootische Ataxia) ergab den morphologischen Nachweis normaler Myelinentwicklung in beiden Tiergruppen. Von zwei Zellfortsätzen umgebene Axone wurden häufig beobachtet. Reaktive Veränderungen wurden in Axonen der „Swayback”-Lämmer gefunden. Die Bedeutung dieser Befunde wird besprochen.
    Notes: Summary An electron microscopic study of the corpus callosum of normal and swayback lambs has revealed morphological evidence of normal myelinogenesis in both groups of animals. Axons wrapped by two cell processes were frequently encountered. Reactive changes were found in axons in the swayback lambs. The significance of these findings is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00809127
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural changes of the central nervous system in swayback (Enzootic Ataxia) of lambs (1968)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 11 (1968), S. 294-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Nervous System ; Swayback ; White Matter ; Demyelination ; Spinal Cord
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Veränderungen in der Feinstruktur des Axons und der Myelinscheide der weißen Substanz des Rückenmarks an bei “Swayback” (enzootischer Ataxie) erkrankten Lämmern werden dargestellt. Einer fortschreitenden Degeneration des Axons folgen Veränderungen in der Myelinscheide. Die Auffassung von “Swayback” als einer ursprünglichen Erkrankung des Neuriten wird im Zusammenhang mit früheren Arbeiten besprochen. Die Hypothese wird aufgestellt, daß das Neuron infolge von Cytochromoxydaseverarmung und Kupfermangel unfähig ist, sein weiter entferntes peripheres Cytoplasma während des Wachstums zu erhalten, und daß Tätigkeit und funktionelle Belastungen zu irreversiblen Veränderungen in der Nervenzelle führen.
    Notes: Summary The alterations in the fine structure of the axon and myelin sheath in the white matter of the spinal cord of lambs affected with swayback are presented. A progressive degeneration of the axon is followed by changes in the myelin sheath. The concept of swayback as primarily a disease of the neurite is discussed in relation to previous work. The hypothesis is advanced that the neuron is unable to sustain its more distant peripheral cytoplasm during growth and that function and functional stresses may lead to irreversible changes in the nerve cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686726
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural changes of the central nervous system in swayback (enzootic ataxia) of lambs (1966)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 6 (1966), S. 175-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Golgi-Apparat und Lysosomen von Nervenzellen im ZNS an „Swayback” (enzootischer Ataxie) erkrankter Lämmer wurden untersucht. An den Nervenzellen in Hirnstamm und Rückenmark wurden Veränderungen im Zusammenhang mit späten Stadien der Chromatolyse angetroffen. Diese Veränderungen erinnern teilweise an solche nach Nervendurchtrennung, doch treten der allmähliche Verlust der Lysosomen sowie die Bildung von Golgi-Anhäufungen stärker hervor, wodurch sich Abweichungen gegenüber den Veränderungen bei Axon-Reaktionen ergeben.
    Notes: Summary The Golgi apparatus and lysosomes of nerve cells in swayback have been studied. In the nerve cells of the brain stem and spinal cord, changes have been found which accompany the late stages of chromatolysis. In part, these alterations resemble those which occur after section of a nerve, but more striking are the gradual loss of lysosomes and the formation of Golgi agglomerates, features which differ from those described in axonal reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686762
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural changes of the central nervous system in swayback (Enzootic Ataxia) of lambs (1966)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 6 (1966), S. 251-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Ultrastruktur der Veränderungen in der Nervenzelle beim “Swayback” (enzootische Ataxia) wird dargestellt. Erwähnenswert sind Zunahme des Zellumfangs, fortschreitender Schwund von Nissl-Substanz, Veränderungen der Form und der Verteilung des Golgiapparats sowie eine auffallende Vermehrung von Neurofibrillen innerhalb des Perikaryons. Ähnliche und abweichende Veränderungen der Feinstruktur verschiedener pathologischer Zustände werden besprochen.
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the nerve cell change in swayback is presented. Notable features are an increase in cell size, progressive loss of Nissl substance, alteration in form and distribution of the Golgi apparatus and a striking increase in neurofibrils within the perikaryon. Similarities and differences in the fine structural changes of other pathological states are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687855
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural changes of central nervous system in swayback (Enzootic Ataxia) of lambs (1966)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 6 (1966), S. 260-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Ultrastruktur der cystischen und gelatinösen Läsionen in “Swayback” (enzootische Ataxia) wird besprochen. Bemerkenswerte Erscheinungen sind eine segmentale oder diffuse Veränderung der Nerven- und Astroglia-Fortsätze durch die Bildung von unklaren Membranprofilen zusammen mit einer Astrogliose. Keine erwähnenswerten Veränderungen in den darüberliegenden corticalen Nervenzellen oder in den Markfasern wurden gefunden. Mögliche Mechanismen, durch die die Membranveränderungen hervorgerufen werden, werden dargelegt.
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the cystic and gelatinous lesions of swayback is described. The significant changes are a segmental or diffuse alteration of neuronal and astroglial processes with the formation of ill-defined membranous profiles together with an astrogliosis. There were no notable changes in the overlying cortical ganglion cells or in myelinated fibers. Possible mechanisms by which the membranous alterations evolved are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687856
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of an intrauterine viral infection on the skin follicles of sheep (1977)
    Springer
    Veterinary research communications 1 (1977), S. 285-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7446
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Border disease of sheep is a transplacental viral infection of the foetus. In medium and fine fleeced breeds, the most consistent of the pathological changes is permanent primary follicle enlargement, first apparent at 115 days gestation and accompanied by increased fibre size and frequency of fibre medullation. A tendency for fewer secondary follicles to develop in Border disease is probably an indirect consequence of infection. Primary follicles are only susceptible to the effects of Border disease following maternal inoculation with standard inoculum up to 80 days gestation. The subsequent resistance of primary follicles may be related to a loss of susceptibility with differentiation or, more probably, to the development of a foetal immunological response to the agent. In coarse fleeced breeds, the skin appears to be unaffected by Border disease. It may be that Border disease de-inhibits follicle growth limiting mechanisms in finer fleeced breeds, causing reversion to a more primitive, coarser fleece type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02267660
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A morphological and histochemical study of the subcommissural organ of young and old sheep (1967)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 77 (1967), S. 299-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cytologic alterations with age are evident in the subcommissural organ of sheep, but evidence of a secretory function has not been found. In young lambs the cytoplasm has numerous, irregular, interconnecting, endoplasmic sacs with electron dense material. Lamellar cytoplasmic lipid bodies (lipid surrounded by membranous whorls) are scattered throughout the deep layer. With age, the cytoplasm contains electron-lucent, flocculent material and lamellar cytoplasmic lipid bodies are less apparent. In adolescent and adult sheep tightly-coiled membranous whorls (fingerprints) enclosing cytoplasmic constituents are noted. Gliosis is progressive. These changes probably indicate involution. Histochemical studies demonstrate distinct Golgi patterns in superficial and deep layers and a rich vascular network in the deep layer. Acid phosphatase activity is present and defines lysosomes, a larger cholesterol ester-containing body (Type II) and macrophages. Type II bodies are less frequent with age. Bioassays and chemical analyses should be interpreted with reference to the age of the experimental animal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00339236
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