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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 34 (1969), S. 3295-3302 
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 26 (1996), S. 337-340 
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. To compare the effect of different time delays between contrast administration and the start of spiral CT scanning on hepatic enhancement in children.Materials and methods. Forty-five children (2–9 years old, mean 6 years) with no evidence of hepatic disease were examined with spiral CT. Sequential spiral scans through the entire liver were performed following a uniphasic injection of non-ionic contrast medium. In group 1 scanning started at 80% of the contrast injection time, in group 2 scanning started at 100% of injection time, and in group 3 scanning started at 150% of injection time. Mean hepatic, aortic, and inferior vena caval enhancement were determined using regions-of-interest measurements.Results. Mean hepatic enhancement was 41.4, 47.0, and 40.6 HU for the 80 %, 100 %, and 150 % injection times, respectively. Enhancement was significantly greater in the 100 % injection time group (p 〈 0.05). A mean aortocaval difference of greater than 10 HU was present in all examinations.Conclusion. Our results suggest that delaying the initiation of spiral CT scanning until the completion of the contrast injection increases hepatic enhancement in children. These data should help to improve the quality of hepatic spiral CT in pediatric patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1978), S. 76-79 
    ISSN: 0306-042X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Several substituted 8-aminoquinolines related to known antimalarial drugs have been studied by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. 5,6-Dihydroxy-8-aminoquinoline, a possible metabolite of Primaquine, can be detected by single ion monitoring after conversion to a trimethylsilyl ether derivative. The mass spectra obtained in this study indicate that there are certain ions which are characteristic of the trimethylsilyl ethers of hydroxylated 8-aminoquinolines and 5,6-dimethoxy-8-aminoquinolines. These compounds should thus be amenable to analysis if they were produced during in vivo metabolism studies. Using selected ion monitoring the derivatized compounds can be detected at submicrogram levels.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 6 (1979), S. 109-112 
    ISSN: 0306-042X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The antimalarial drug primaquine was analysed in plasma and urine by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, using a deuterated internal standard. After freeze-drying and extraction with trichloroethylene the sample plus internal standard was reacted with Tri Sil TBT (a) 3:3:2 by volume mixture of trimethylsilylimidazole, N,O,-bis-(trimethylsilylacetamide and trimethylchlorosilane) and an aliquot injected into the gas chromatograph mass spectrometer. The gas chromatographic effluent was monitored at m/z 403 and m/z 406, the molecular ions of the bis-TMS ethers of primaquine and 6-trideuteromethoxy primaquine. Calibration curves were prepared from standards made up in plasma and urine. Data from the analysis of plasma and urine samples from a volunteer who ingested the equivalent of 45 mg primaquine are presented.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Phenacetin, paracetamol and acetanilide can be determined in a plasma or urine sample by the use of deuterium labelled analogues. These are produced by reaction of hexadeuterioacetic anhydride with the appropriate aromatic amine. The -NHCOCD3 group is stable to hydrogen exchange below pH 8. The internal standard is added to the plasma or urine after enzymatic hydrolysis of the paracetamol conjugates and an ethyl acetate extract at pH 5 is evaporated under nitrogen and the residue derivatized with N, O-bis-(trimethylsilyl)-acetamide. An aliquot of this solution is injected into a g.c.m.s. system, and one ion characteristic of the material under study and the ion from the deuterium analogue (3 mass units greater) are monitored using a voltage switching technique. In the case of phenacetin, for example, ions at 251 and 254 are monitored. Calibration curves relating different weight ratios of the hydrogen and deuterium compounds to their respective signals from the gas chromatograph mass spectrometer are used to calculate the amount of a compound in a particular sample. These methods have been developed to study the oxidation of acetanilide to paracetamol and the de-ethylation of phenacetin to paracetamol. Preliminary results from experiments with phenacetin will be discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 12 (1985), S. 565-569 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of a series of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids have been recorded as their anthrylmethyl esters using a liquid chromatographic mass spectrometric interface. The spectra show an intense peak for the aromatic nucleus, and a molecular ion. The liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometric separation was performed on a reverse phase column using a solvent system of acetone + acetonitrile. While a complete separation of the fatty acids known to occur in man was not achieved, the recognition of all of these acids is possible using a scanning mode or by ion monitoring.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method has been developed for single ion monitoring of diphenylhydantoin and its major metabolite 5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin in plasma. A plasma extract is reacted with N, O-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide and single ion recording is carried out using a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer system. The mass value selected, m/e 254, is common to the TMS ethers of diphenylhydantoin and its principal metabolite 5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin. The results indicate that one cause of an adverse reaction to diphenylhydantoin could be a reduced ability to hydroxylate the drug. Quantitative methods for the analysis of the drug and its major metabolite have also been developed. Diphenylhydantoin and 5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin can be analysed in plasma after addition of deuterium labelled internal standards and conversion to volatile derivatives for mass fragmentographic analysis. Diphenylhydantoin and its internal standard are analysed as the N, N-dimethyl derivative, and the hydroxylated metabolite and its internal standard are converted to a pertrimetylsilyl compound by reaction with N, O-bis-(trimethylsilyl)acetamide.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 304-306 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The identification of 6-methoxy 8-aminoquinoline as a metabolite of Primaquine, an important antimalarial drug, is described. The metabolite is present in urine, plasma and erythrocytes following drug ingestion. It was identified by mass fragmentography of its 1H and 2H acetate and the acetate produced from authentic material. No evidence of further metabolites was obtained.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 4 (1977), S. 255-257 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Plasma samples from volunteers who had received an oral dose of acetanilide have been analysed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry and ultraviolet absorption techniques. The gas chromatography mass spectrometry method involved extraction of the plasma and analysis of the acetanilide using selected ion monitoring with a deuterated internal standard. In the ultraviolet method the plasma was hydrolysed with acid to convert the acetanilide to aniline, and this compound was diazotized and coupled with N-1-naphthylethylene-diamine. The absorbance of the resulting complex was read at 550 nm. Acetanilide levels in plasma determined by the selected ion monitoring method were significantly lower than those measured by spectrophotometry. Pharmacokinetic data calculated from the results obtained using these two assays are very different and illustrate the need for an accurate and specific method of analysis. The major metabolites of acetanilide are shown not to interfere with these assays and the results suggest the possible presence of a new metabolite of acetanilide.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 16 (1988), S. 183-189 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Acetanilide with the three hydrogens of the acetyl group replaced by deuterium was administered to 9 human volunteers (50 mg p.o.) and 5 male Sprague-Dawley rats (10 mg kg-1 p.o. and 100 mg kg-1 p.o.) and urine samples collected for 8 and 48 h, respectively. Capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to determine if the major metabolite was deuterated paracetamol or a mixture of this compound with paracetamol produced by deacetylation followed by reacetylation. Acetyl group exchange of the parent compound was also studied. Conjugates of the metabolite were hydrolysed and the free compound derivatized to an O-propionyl ester before GC/MS analysis. Paracetamol containing no deuterated acetyl group was detected in all studies, together with the labelled metabolite. The mean ratio of deuterated to unlabelled paracetamol in man was approximately 8:1 and was independent of acetylator status. The acetyl group exchange measured in the rat was time-dependent but was always significantly higher than in man. The mean ratios of deuterated to unlabelled paracetamol in urine samples collected 0-4 h and 24-48 h after administration of the higher trideuteroacetanilide dose to the rats were approximately 2:1 and 4:1, respectively.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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