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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chloramphenicol in paediatrics: current prescribing practice and the need to monitor (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 147 (1988), S. 574-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Chloramphenicol ; Neonates ; Pediatrics ; Toxicity ; Monitoring
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two hundred and fifty-five neonates, infants and children, from 45 hospitals, who were receiving chloramphenicol therapy for serious infections were the subject of this study. Samples of serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were assayed for chloramphenicol and the patient's treatment regimens analysed. Less than 50% of neonates and 25% of infants received the “recommended” dose of chloramphenicol. In older children the recommended dose was used. Only 34% babies under 1 year of age and 50% older children had serum concentrations within the therapeutic range (15–25 mg/l). Thirty-one percent of neonates and infants had potentially toxic serum concentrations. Forty-three percent of neonates receiving chloramphenicol every 6h had subtherapeutic peak serum levels compared to 20% of those receiving the antibiotic every 12h. Concomitant administration of phenobarbitone or phenytoin had no effect on mean serum chloramphenicol levels. Serum concentrations of chloramphenicol were significantly higher in patients also receiving penicillin. CSF levels in 77 samples (39 patients) ranged from 1–60 mg/l. CSF from 44% patients contained less than 4 mg/l. Twelve neonates and infants (5.5%) suffered toxic side effects, four died. A further eight babies received an accidental 2- to 10-fold overdose and in three others an overdose was assumed following assay. No overdoses or toxic effects were reported in children over 1 year of age. Eight patients with impaired renal function had elevated serum levels and three showed toxic effects. In 22% patients dosage regimens were altered following assay. Even when the recommended dosage regimen for chloramphenicol is followed serum from all babies under 1 year of age should be assayed every 48–72 h if safe and effective levels are to be maintained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442465
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of phenylethylmalonamide (PEMA) in elderly men (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 33 (1987), S. 431-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: phenylethylmalonamide ; pharmacokinetics ; elderly
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of phenylethylmalonamide (PEMA) were studied in 6 elderly men after oral administration of a single 400 mg dose. Peak PEMA serum levels were obtained within 4 h of intake, half-life values ranged from 30.7–57.9 h in these elderly men. The elimination half-life was twice as long when compared to a study previously performed in young volunteers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00637644
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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