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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Terpinen-4-ol, the main component of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil), suppresses inflammatory mediator production by activated human monocytes (2000)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 49 (2000), S. 619-626 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words:Tea tree oil – Monocytes – Interleukin-1 – Tumour necrosis factor-α– Prostaglandin E2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Objective and Design: To evaluate potential anti-inflammatory properties of tea tree oil, the essential oil steam distilled from the Australian native plant, Melaleuca alternifolia.¶Material and Methods: The ability of tea tree oil to reduce the production in vitro of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, IL-10 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated human peripheral blood monocytes was examined.¶Results: Tea tree oil emulsified by sonication in a glass tube into culture medium containing 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) was toxic for monocytes at a concentration of 0.016% v/v. However, the water soluble components of tea tree oil at concentrations equivalent to 0.125% significantly suppressed LPS-induced production of TNFα, IL-1β and IL-10 (by approximately 50%) and PGE2 (by approximately 30%) after 40 h. Gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry identified terpinen-4-ol (42%), α-terpineol (3%) and 1,8-cineole (2%, respectively, of tea tree oil) as the water soluble components of tea tree oil. When these components were examined individually, only terpinen-4-ol suppressed the production after 40 h of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10 and PGE2 by LPS-activated monocytes. Conclusion: The water-soluble components of tea tree oil can suppress pro-inflammatory mediator production by activated human monocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050639
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoneutralization of endogenous glucagon with monoclonal glucagon antibody normalizes hyperglycaemia in moderately streptozotocin-diabetic rats (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 985-993 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Immunoneutralization ; monoclonal antibody ; glucagon ; insulin ; streptozotocin ; rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The role of glucagon in diabetic hyperglycaemia has been a matter of controversy because of difficulties in the production of selective glucagon deficiency. We developed a high-capacity (40 nmol/ ml), high-affinity (0.6·1011 l/mol) monoclonal glucagon antibody (Glu-mAb) and gave i.v. injections (4 ml/kg) to rats in order to study the effect of selective glucagon deficiency on blood glucose. Controls received a mAb against trinitrophenyl. Glu-mAb completely abolished the hyperglycaemic effect of 2.86 nmol/kg glucagon in normal rats (p〈0.05, n=6). In moderately hyperglycaemic rats injected with streptozotocin as neonates (N-STZ), Glu-mAb abolished a postprandial increase in blood glucose (from 11.2±0.7 mmol/l to 17.3±1.8 mmol/l in controls vs 10.5±0.9 mmol/l to 9.3±1.0 mmol/l; cross-over: n=6, p〈0.05). No significant effect of Glu-mAb treatment was observed in more hyperglycaemic N-STZ rats (cross-over, n=4) and in severely hyperglycaemic rats injected with STZ as adults (n=6), but after insulin treatment of the latter, at doses partially restoring blood glucose levels (12.7±4.3 mmol/l), Glu-mAb administration almost normalized blood glucose (maximal difference: 6.0±3.8 mmol/l; cross-over: n=5, p〈0.05). In conclusion, our results provide strong additional evidence for the hypothesis that glucagon is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes. The hormone plays an important role in the development of STZ-diabetic hyperglycaemia, but glucagon neutralization only leads to normoglycaemia in the presence of insulin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400461
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoneutralization of endogenous glucagon with monoclonal glucagon antibody normalizes hyperglycaemia in moderately streptozotocin-diabetic rats (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 985-993 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Immunoneutralization ; monoclonal antibody ; glucagon ; insulin ; streptozotocin ; rat.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The role of glucagon in diabetic hyperglycaemia has been a matter of controversy because of difficulties in the production of selective glucagon deficiency. We developed a high-capacity (40 nmol/ml), high-affinity (0.6 · 1011 l/mol) monoclonal glucagon antibody (Glu-mAb) and gave i. v. injections (4 ml/kg) to rats in order to study the effect of selective glucagon deficiency on blood glucose. Controls received a mAb against trinitrophenyl. Glu-mAb completely abolished the hyperglycaemic effect of 2.86 nmol/kg glucagon in normal rats (p 〈 0.05, n = 6). In moderately hyperglycaemic rats injected with streptozotocin as neonates (N-STZ), Glu-mAb abolished a postprandial increase in blood glucose (from 11.2 ± 0.7 mmol/l to 17.3 ± 1.8 mmol/l in controls vs 10.5 ± 0.9 mmol/l to 9.3 ± 1.0 mmol/l; cross-over: n = 6, p 〈 0.05). No significant effect of Glu-mAb treatment was observed in more hyperglycaemic N-STZ rats (cross-over, n = 4) and in severely hyperglycaemic rats injected with STZ as adults (n = 6), but after insulin treatment of the latter, at doses partially restoring blood glucose levels (12.7 ± 4.3 mmol/l), Glu-mAb administration almost normalized blood glucose (maximal difference: 6.0 ± 3.8 mmol/l; cross-over: n = 5, p 〈 0.05). In conclusion, our results provide strong additional evidence for the hypothesis that glucagon is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes. The hormone plays an important role in the development of STZ-diabetic hyperglycaemia, but glucagon neutralization only leads to normoglycaemia in the presence of insulin. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 985–993]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400461
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The immune response of hamsters to purified haemagglutinins and whole influenza virus vaccines following live influenza virus infection (1974)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 160 (1974), S. 295-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The ability of several, live type A influenza viruses to enhance the serum haemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibody response of hamsters to subsequent immunization with inactivated, heterotypic influenza virus vaccines was examined. Live influenza viruses were found to vary in their priming ability for a given vaccine, and a given virus was not able to prime for all inactivated vaccines to an equal extent. Common determinants in the haemagglutinin antigens of the priming virus and the vaccine virus were suggested as responsible for the enhancement of the antibody response to some of the vaccines, but for other pairs of viruses the haemagglutinin antigens were distinct. Thus, enhancement in these instances cannot be due to cross-reacting haemagglutinins. Pre-infection of hamsters by several influenza type A viruses was employed in an attempt to enhance the serum HI antibody response to purified, haemagglutinin antigens prepared from A/PR/8/34 and the MRC-2 recombinant strain of A/England/42/72 viruses. Although prior infection enhanced the antibody response to whole virus, this was not demonstrable for the purified haemagglutinin components of the virus. The possible reasons for this are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02121445
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of UV irradiation with one minimal erythema dose on human afferent skin lymph in vivo (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Experimental dermatology 7 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation of the skin induces complex local and systemic immunomodulatory reactions. The biological effects of UV irradiation on human skin derived afferent lymph however are unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a single combined UV-A and UV-B irradiation with 1 minimal erythema dose (MED) on human skin derived lymph in vivo. After cannulation of a superficial lymph vessel on the lower leg, lymph flow and cell output per hour were determined before and for 6 days after UV irradiation of the lymph draining skin area in 5 volunteers. Furthermore, expression of CDla, CD4, CD8, CD28, CD54, CD80, CD86 and HLA-DR on migrating lymph cells and cytokine levels (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, TNF-α and IFN-γ) in the afferent lymph were analyzed by cytofluorometry and ELISA. After UV irradiation a small initial enhancement in the daily lymph flow per hour was noticed in correlation with the slight erythematous skin reaction. Following resolution of the skin reaction, a delayed increase in cell output in correlation with an additional peak in the lymph flow was found between the 4th and 6th day after UV irradiation. However, no changes in the expression of CDla, CD4, CD8, CD28, CD54, CD80, CD86 and HLA-DR on migrating lymph cells were detectable. Interestingly, in parallel to the increased lymph flow and cell output, only elevated IL-8 protein levels were reproducibly detected in the afferent lymph after UV irradiation. Furthermore, using immunohistochemistry positive staining for IL-8 was found on migrating mononuclear lymph cells. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that a single UV irradiation of the skin with 1 minimal erythema dose leads to a delayed enhancement of lymph flow, number of migrating lymph cells and cytokine levels of IL-8. Moreover, we provide evidence that migrating lymph cells, besides resident epidermal and dermal cells, may contribute to the detected levels of IL-8 in the afferent lymph.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.1998.tb00336.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contact sensitivity to 5 different ingredients of a topical medicament (Imacort® cream) (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 33 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1995.tb00526.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decline and fall of the freudian empire - H.K. Eysenck: Scott-Townsend, Washington, DC (1990). 224 pp. 20.00
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Behaviour Research and Therapy 31 (1993), S. 129-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-7967
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-7967(93)90053-W
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The raising of intelligence: A selected history of attempts to raise retarded intelligence - H.H. Spitz, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ and London (1986). xi + 260 pages. £19.95
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Behaviour Research and Therapy 25 (1987), S. 536-537 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-7967
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-7967(87)90072-6
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metaphors of mind-Conceptions of the nature of intelligence - R.J. Sternberg: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1990). xvi + 344 pp. £30.00
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Behaviour Research and Therapy 30 (1992), S. 90-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-7967
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-7967(92)90130-9
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Actual minds, possible worlds - Jerome Bruner: Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass. and London (1986). Pages xi + 201. £12.75
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Behaviour Research and Therapy 25 (1987), S. 436-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-7967
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-7967(87)90029-5
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