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  • 1
    ISSN: 0009-2614
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 95 (1991), S. 1295-1303 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Experimental ionization potentials (I) and electron affinities (A) of metal clusters MeN are compiled for a variety of systems and their size dependence is analyzed. In the theoretical part, we perform semiclassical density variational calculations using the spherical jellium model and the local density approximation. For alkali systems and, to some extent, also for some nonalkali systems, the calculated values of I and A reproduce very well the average size dependence of the measured quantities, if their common bulk limit W is adjusted to the experimental bulk work function. This holds even for rather small systems where I and A are no longer linear in N−1/3. We discuss the extent to which classical models for the energetics of charged metal spheres can account for the correct size dependence in the large-cluster limit. We point out that the deviation of the slope parameters α and β in the asymptotic expressions I∼W+α(e2/rs)N−1/3, A∼W−β(e2/rs)N−1/3 from the values (1)/(2) , which depends on the material via the Wigner–Seitz parameter rs, can be entirely accounted for by quantum-mechanical effects, namely the kinetic, exchange, and correlation energies and the diffuseness of the electron density.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 90 (1986), S. 552-554 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 104 (1996), S. 9719-9728 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We recorded photoelectron spectra of antimony Sb−N=2–9 and of bismuth clusters Bi−N=2–9 with a photon energy of 4.03 eV, as well as of Bi−N=2–21 with a photon energy of 5.0 eV. The experimentally determined photoelectron thresholds and peak positions of Sb−N=2–5 and Bi−N=2–5 are compared with the results of ab initio density-functional (LCAO) calculations. The agreement between the experimental thresholds and the calculated adiabatic electron affinities, as well as between the first maxima in the spectra and the calculated vertical detachment energies is fair to good for the antimony clusters and qualitative for the bismuth systems. For the calculation of the ionization (detachment) energies we determined for the neutral and anionic clusters the most stable structures by LCAO calculations. In particular, the tetramer cluster anions have a "roof'' structure, while the negatively charged pentamers are planar rings [with similarities to the (C5H5)− anion]; positive and negative trimers are nonlinear. Furthermore, the ionization energies and affinities of larger antimony and bismuth clusters are discussed qualitatively and compared to jellium calculations of Seidl and Brack. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 2027-2030 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A Wien filter is used for the mass analysis of small and large metal cluster ions. As the clusters are produced in a supersonic expansion source, the initial velocity obtained by gasdynamic acceleration significantly influences the measured peak positions and widths. Calculations based on the well-known theory for ions moving in crossed magnetic and electrical fields are extended to ions from supersonic expansions. They allow a mass assignment even for those (big) clusters which cannot explicitly be resolved in the Wien filter spectrum. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 223 (1977), S. 75-84 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Amniotic fluid testosterone ; Fetal sex ; Testosteron ; Fruchtwasserkonzentration ; Fetales Geschlecht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch radioimmunologische Bestimmung der Testosteronfraktion in 226 Fruchtwasserproben zwischen der 12. SSW und der Geburtsphase wurde der Einfluß des fetalen Geschlechts auf den Fruchtwasserspiegel im Verlauf der Schwangerschaft untersucht und auf geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede geprüft. Die Hormonmessung erfolgte mit einem Antiserum, welches durch Immunisierung von Kaninchen mit einem Testosteron-3-Carboxymethyl-oximrinderserumalbuminkonjugat gewonnen worden war und nur gegen 5α-Dihydrotesterosteron eine Kreuzreaktion aufwies, so daß bei der radioimmunologischen Bestimmung sowohl die Konzentration von Testosteron als auch 5α-Dihydrotestosteron („immunoreaktives Testosteron“) erfaßt wurde. Zwischen der 12.–15. SSW wiesen männliche Feten den höchsten Testosteronspiegel mit einem Durchschnittswert von 501±185 pg/ml auf, dieser sank im Verlauf der Schwangerschaft kontinuierlich ab und erreichte am Graviditätsende einen Wert von 281±74 pg/ml. Zwischen den Werten der ersten Schwangerschaftshälfte und dem Gravidiätsende bestand ein signifikanter Unterschied (p〈0,0005). Die Testosteronkonzentration weiblicher Feten ließ im Verlauf der Schwangerschaft keine signifikanten Veränderungen erkennen, sie schwankte durchschnittlich zwischen minimal 179±50 pg/ml und maximal 253±98 pg/ml. Der Unterschied des Testosteronspiegels männlicher und weiblicher Feten in der ersten Schwangerschaftshälfte war hoch signifikant (p〈0,0005) und zwischen der 12.–15. SSW konnte in 39 von 41 Bestimmungen aufgrund der Testosteronmessung eine sichere Geschlechtsvoraussage gemacht werden. Dagegen war zu Beginn der Geburtsphase der Testosteronspiegel männlicher und weiblicher Feten gleich hoch. Am Beispiel eines intrauterin diagnostizierten Klinefelter-Syndrom wurde weiterhin gezeigt, daß der im Bereich weiblicher Feten liegende Testosteronspiegel bereits zum Zeitpunkt der Geschlechtsdifferenzierung auf die Störung des geschlechtsspezifischen Sexualhormonstatus hinweist. Somit scheint durch die Bestimmung des freien Testosterons im Fruchtwasser nicht nur eine Ergänzung zur antenatalen zytologischen Geschlechtsdiagnostik erreicht zu werden, sondern auch eine Erweiterung bei intrauterinen Geschlechtsentwicklungsstörungen, die auf Diskrepanzen zwischen dem genetischen Geschlecht und der geschlechtsspezifischen Sexualhormonproduktion beruhen.
    Notes: Summary Amniotic fluid testosterone was measured by radioimmunoassay in 226 samples taken between the 12th week of pregnancy and birth. The effect of fetal sex on the level of this androgen was determined and the usefulness of the parameter for predicting fetal sex assessed. Testosterone was measured using an antibody raised in rabbits against testosterone-3-carboxymethyloxime-BSA. The antiserum cross-reacted strongly with 5α-dihydrotestosterone so that the values reported were refered to as measuring “immunoreactive testosterone” levels. Male fetal values were highest between the 12th and 15th week of pregnancy reaching a maximum mean of 501±185 pg/ml gradually falling during the remainder of pregnancy to 281±74 pg/ml, the difference in values between the first half and the end of pregnancy being highly significant (p〈0.0005). Female fetal values did not vary significantly during the course of gestation, the minimum mean value being 179±50 and maximum 253±98 pg/ml. The fetal amniotic fluid sex difference was highly significant during the first half of pregnancy (p〈0.0005) and at 12–15 weeks a successful prediction of fetal sex was possible, using testosterone, in 39 out of 41 cases. At birth on the other hand there was no difference between male and female fetal fluid levels. The method can also be used to detect disturbances of intrauterine sexual development as exemplified by the case of a Klinefelter syndrome where female testosterone values were found at the time of sexual differentiation. Thus the measurement of unconjugated testosterone in amniotic fluid would seem to offer not only an addition to chromosomal analysis for prediction of fetal gender but also be a valuable tool for detection of disturbances of intrauterine sexual development i.e. when genetic sex and sex-specific hormone production are discrepant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 224 (1977), S. 435-437 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 224 (1977), S. 434-435 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 242 (1987), S. 162-163 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 254 (1993), S. 431-432 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die zusätzliche Heranziehung der laserassistierten Präparationstechniken haben sich in unserem Patientengut als fakultative zusätzliche positive Indikationsbereicherung bewährt. Die Applikation der Lasertechnik kann als vorteilhaft und schonend bezeichnet werden, insbesondere da das Auftreten von intraoperativen Blutungen und postoperativen Adhäsionen verringert werden kann. Die Vorteile der Lasertechnik mit präziser Präparationstechnik und geringerer Traumatisierung führten in unserem Patientengut zu einer Abnahme der Anzahl der Laparotomien in bestimmten Indikationsbereichen und einer Zunahme der minimal invasiven laserassistierten endoskopischen Operationstechnik. Die minimal invasiven Operationstechniken per endoskopiam haben damit durch den Einsatz der laserassistierten Operationstechnik eine Komplettierung erfahren.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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