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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 338-342 (May 2000), p. 415-418 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 64 (1986), S. 70-75 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Corticosteroids ; Prednisone ; Fluocortolone ; Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis ; Steroid treatment ; Cushing's syndrome ; ACTH test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma cortisol levels and the response of the adrenal gland to 0.25 mg ACTH administration were measured in 12 patients receiving 15 mg or more of a short-acting steroid (fluocortolone or prednisone) on three out of four days, in 10 patients on daily steroid treatment (15 mg prednisone or more per day), and in 9 normal subjects. The basal plasma cortisol level of the first group was between that of patients on daily prednisone treatment and that of normal subjects. The adrenal function in patients on the three out of four day treatment schedule appeared to be slightly diminished, yet still within the accepted limits for adrenals capable of responding adequately to stress. The adrenal function proved insufficient in all patients on daily steroids. The three out of four day steroid regimen thus offers a solution with many advantages over continuous steroid treatment for patients refractory to the alternate-day schedule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 103 (1989), S. 275-283 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Current models of time-at-depth gauges are so expensive that few can be deployed and only limited data obtained. We describe an inexpensive depth gauge for use on marine animals, which we tested on diving birds. The device was constructed from components costing ≤$2 (US); and had a mass of 6 g. The gauge employs photographic film to record the depth-dependent position of a light emitting diode. The total time that the animal spends at each depth underwater can be determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralium deposita 11 (1976), S. 46-70 
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The copper deposits of the O'okiep District rank amongst the top three S. African producers, with an annual output of 3 million metric tons grading 1.65% Cu on average. They occur in what is now considered the S. extension of the 1200 m. y. Kibaran orogenic belt. Copper mineralization is linked to cross-cutting bodies of "noritoid" RO=0.7126−0.7250) which have been emplaced into the granulite facies metamorphic country rocks 1100 m. y. ago. The results of 150 electron probe analyses show that orthopyroxene in the non-ore-bearing noritoids is En51–52, in the ore-bearing noritoids En60–65. There is a concomitant variation in the composition of phlogopitic mica which carries higher Fe in non-ore-bearing noritoids. The Ticontents of magnetite are below 0.1%; there are significant chromium values. Spinel exsolution lamellae contain up to 14% ZnO. The copper sulphides occur as granular aggregates with silicates, on grain boundaries and on cleavage planes of hypersthene and mica; they also replace altered Fe-Ti-oxides. Pyrite (up to 1.4% Co) and pentlandite (up to 5% Co) are not widespread. The possible derivation of the noritoids from a reservoir of basic magma at depth is considered. A source-bed model, involving generation of noritoid "magma" from Cu-bearing members of the stratigraphic sequence, during the peak of metamorphism (800–1000 °C, 6–8 kb) is tentatively proposed. Stratabound base metal concentrations (Aggeneys, Gamsberg) in lower grade (amphibolite facies) metamorphic terrains to the East have not been mobilized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 26 (1957), S. 423-427 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Aus den Ergebnissen ist zu ershen, daß ein Störungseinfluß durch den Aufenthalt im Hochvacuum unverkennbar vorhanden ist. Dieser Effekt ist den Auswirkungen, die bei weiterer Behandlung der Organisismen mit Elektronenstrahlung entstehen, zweifellos überlagert und nur durch Kontrollversuche unter entsprechenden Bedingugen zu eliminieren.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zellwände und Keimschläuche von Uredosporen des Weizenrostes (Puccinia graminis var. tritici) wurden isoliert, und ihre chemische Zusammensetzung wurde quantitativ untersucht. Als gemeinsame Bausteine enthalten Sporenwände und Keimschlauchwände Proteine, Lipide und die Neutralzucker Galaktose, Glucose und Mannose. Die einzelnen Komponenten liegen in unterschiedlicher Menge vor. Auch qualitativ unterscheiden sich die Sporenwände und die Keimschlauchwände: Melanin ist nur in den Sporenwänden vorhanden, in den Keimschlauchwänden dagegen nicht. Der polymer gebundene Aminozucker der Keimschlauchwände ist N-Acetylglucosamin, das mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit als Chitin vorliegt. Die Sporenwände enthalten dagegen polymeres Glucosamin (vermutlich Chitosan). Sporenwände sind in 3% iger NaOH löslich. Aus diesem Extrakt läßt sich mit Fehlingscher Lösung ein Galaktoglucomannan fällen, das überwiegend aus Mannose besteht. Aus der entsprechenden Fraktion der Keimschlauchwände, in der ebenfalls Mannose überwiegt, kann mit Fehlingscher Lösung kein “Mannan” gewonnen werden. Der in NaOH unlösliche Satz der Keimschlauchwände ist zum größten Teil aus Glucose und N-Acetylglucosamin aufgebaut. Es gibt keine identischen Polysaccharidfraktionen von Sporen- und Keimschlauchwänden. Sie sind heteropolymer und setzen sich jeweils aus Galaktose, Glucose und Mannose zusammen.
    Notes: Summary Spore walls and germ tube walls from uredospores of wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis var. tritici) were isolated and their chemical compositions determined quantitatively. The spore and germ tube walls are commonly composed of proteins, lipids, and the neutral sugars mannose, glucose and galactose. Carbon and nitrogen content, total lipids, composition of bound amino acids, total glucosamine and chitin content, and neutral sugars of spore and germ tube walls were compared. While the carbon content of the germ tube walls is only slightly higher than that of the spore walls, the germ tube walls contain twice as much nitrogen and lipids as the spore walls. The higher nitrogen content of the germ tube walls is due to higher amounts of bound amino acids and hexosamine. The polymeric germ tube wall hexosamine is insoluble in 3% NaOH, while the bulk of the polymeric spore wall hexosamine will go into solution when treated with 3% NaOH. The polymeric amino sugar of the germ tube wall is N-acetylglucosamine, which in all probability is present as chitin. In comparison, spore walls contain polymeric glucosamine (probably chitosan). The predominant neutral sugar of the spore walls is polymeric mannose (∼90%) while the germ tube walls contain polymeric glucose and mannose in nearly equal amounts. Galactose occurs in both wall types as a minor constituent. From spore walls completely dissolved in 3% NaOH we were able to precipitate a galactoglucomannan with fehling's solution. This galactoglucomannan was composed mainly of mannose. The corresponding fraction of the germ tube wall gave no precipitate with Fehling's solution. An alkali insoluble fraction of the germ tube wall consists mainly of glucose and N-acetylglucosamine. There are no identical polysaccharide fractions in spore walls and germ tube walls. They are always heteropolymers. Melanine is found in spore walls but not in germ tube walls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Uredosporen von Puccinia graminis wurden auf einem flüssigen Medium durch Zusatz von Cumarin zur Keimung gebracht. Wir verfolgten die Veränderungen der Enzymaktivitäten von Glucose-6-phosphat-Dehydrogenase, Phosphogluconat-Dehydrogenase und von Glucose-6-phosphat-Isomerase in Abhängigkeit von der Inkubationszeit. Im Gegensatz zu den Enzymen keimender Sporen saprophytischer Pilze nehmen die Gesamtaktivitäten aller drei Enzyme im Anschluß an einen kurzen Anstieg innerhalb der ersten Stunde bzw. der ersten 2 Std wieder ab. Nach 12 Std findet man für Phosphogluconat-Dehydrogenase und für Glucose-6-phosphat-Isomerase niedrigere Werte als vor Beginn der Inkubation. Die spezifischen Aktivitäten von Phosphogluconat-Dehydrogenase und Glucose-6-phosphat-Isomerase bleiben nahezu konstant. Dagegen nimmt die spezifische Aktivität von Glucose-6-phosphat-Dehydrogenase zu. Die in den Uredosporen von Puccinia graminis gefundenen spezifischen Enzymaktivitäten sind wesentlich höher als die in den Sporen saprophytischer Pilze.
    Notes: Summary Uredospores of Puccinia graminis were germinated on a liquid medium containing coumarin. We followed changes in enzyme activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase as a function of time of incubation. Contrary to the enzymes in germinating spores of saprophytic fungi the total activities of all three enzymes declined clearly after a short lasting rise during the first or the first 2 h of incubation. 12 h after the beginning of the experiment the total activities of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase had declined even below the level of not incubated spores. The specific acitivities of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase stayed nearly constant during the time of the experiment, whereas the specific activity of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase increased. The specific activities of these enzymes found in uredospores of Puccinia graminis are considerably higher compared to those found in saprophytic fungi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 83 (1972), S. 1-16 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 14C-Glucose wurde an Uredosporen von Puccinia graminis appliziert, und es wurde die Aufnahme der Glucose durch die Sporen und die Inkorporation des Glucosekohlenstoffs in das Sporenmaterial untersucht. Das Studium der Abhängigkeit der Glucoseaufnahme von der Konzentration im Medium ergab: Bei höheren Glucosekonzentrationen werden größere Glucosemengen aufgenommen. Die bei einer Konzentration von 5×10-2 mol aufgenommene Glucose reicht aus, um den gesamten Kohlenhydratbedarf für die Bildung der Keimschlauchwände zu decken. Die Glucoseaufnahme nimmt im Verlauf der Inkubationszeit zu. Die aufgenommene Glucose wird nur in geringem Umfang veratmet. Sie wird statt dessen bevorzugt zur Synthese von in 40% igem Äthanol unlöslichen Verbindungen verwendet. Weiterhin wurden die Stoffwechselwege verfolgt, auf denen Glucose umgesetzt wird. Wir untersuchten, in welche Verbindungen des Sporenmaterials Glucose-kohlenstoff eingebaut wird. Der größte Teil der löslichen 14C-Aktivität fand sich in der Fraktion der Kohlenhydrate und der freien Aminosäuren. Mannit, Arabit und Glycerin hatten die höchsten spezifischen Aktivitäten. Unter den freien Aminosäuren zeigten Alanin, Tyrosin und Glutaminsäure relativ hohe spezifische 14C-Aktivität. Hieraus kann man folgern, daß Glucose sowohl über den PPC wie über den EMP und TCA-Cyclus umgesetzt wird. Es wurde festgestellt, in welchem Ausmaß die aufgenommene Glucose zur Synthese der Keimschlauchwand verwendet wird. Eine Analyse der Keimschlauchwände ergab: Fast 90% des inkorporierten 14C fand sich in den unlöslichen Verbindungen der Keimschlauchwände. Während der Inkubation gelangte keine 14C-Aktivität in das Material der Sporenwände.
    Notes: Summary Uredospores of Puccinia graminis were incubated in a medium containing 14C-glucose. The uptake of glucose by the spores and the incorporation of glucose carbon into the spore material was investigated. With higher glucose concentrations in the medium larger amounts of glucose were taken up by the spores. At a concentration of 5×10-2 mol the glucose withdrawn from the medium is sufficient to supply all carbohydrate material necessary for the synthesis of germ tube walls. The glucose taken up increased during the incubation time and was respired only to a small extent. It was used predominantly for the synthesis of compounds insoluble in 40% ethanol. Fractionation of the soluble 14C-activity showed that most of it had been incorporated into carbohydrates and free amino acids. Mannitol, arabitol and glycerol had higher specific activities than all other compounds. The amino acids alanine, tyrosine and glutamic acid showed relatively high 14C incorporation. The labelling pattern is in agreement with the view that glucose is metabolized via the pentose phosphate pathway as well as the Embden-Meyerhof pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. However, only 12% of the 14C incorporated could be accounted for by soluble products. An analysis of the germ tube wall revealed that it contained the bulk of the incorporated 14C-activity. Most of the activity was found in the carbohydrate constitutents of the germ tube wall, namely glucose, mannose, galactose and glucosamine. This indicates that the glucose taken up from the medium by the spores is predominantly used for the synthesis of the germ tube wall. The spore wall material did not contain 14C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 61 (1968), S. 261-279 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der neu isolierte Stamm W von Bdellovibio bacteriovorus infiziert und lysiert Rhodospirillum rubrum F und alle anderen untersuchten Athiorhodaceae, nicht aber Pseudomonas aeruginosa und Spirillum serpens. Er befällt auch zahlreiche Enterobacteriaceae und von den grampositiven Bakterien Streptococcus faecalis und Lactobacillus plantarum. Nach dem Festheften an der Zellwand wird diese in 3–20 min durchdrungen. In 10–60 min ist Bdellovibrio vollständig in die Zelle eingedrungen und hat sich im Raum zwischen Zellwand und cytoplasmatischer Membran angesiedelt. In 3–5 Std wird der gesamte Zellinhalt bis auf die Membranen aufgelöst. In dieser Phase erfolgt die Vermehrung von Bdellovibrio. In den “ghosts” sind die Parasiten in lebhafter Bewegung. Die Geißel hat einen Gesamtdurchmesser von 29 mμ und eine Länge von etwa 3 μ. Sie ist von einer Geißelscheide umgeben, die in Verbindung zur Zellwand steht. Der Durchmesser der Geißel ohne Scheide beträgt etwa 18 mμ. Bdellovibrio kann oberhalb eines Sauerstoffpartialdruckes von 4–5 mm Hg infizieren und sich vermehren. Der Titer von Bdellovibrio nimmt bei Aufbewahrung in lysierten Kulturen in 36 Tagen von 108 auf 101 pfu (plaque forming units) je ml ab. Bei Aufbewahrung in Nährkultur sinkt der Titer nur auf 104 pfu/ml ab. Die Zahl der Plaques im Verhältnis zum Titer der Impfsuspension von Bdellovibrio schwankt in Abhängigkeit vom Wirtsstamm. Wenn man die Plaque-Bildungsrate bei R. rubrum gleich 1 setzt, beträgt sie bei Serratia marcescens 0,0001, bei Proteus vulgaris 10. Bd. bacteriovorus, Stamm W wächst nicht in synthetischer Nährlösung oder Lysaten. Ein geringes Wachstum ohne Zellteilung findet in Zellextrakten von R. rubrum statt. Der Stamm vermehrt sich jedoch in hitzeinaktiviertem R. rubrum. Die Plaque-Bildungsrate ist unter diesen Bedingungen aber sehr niedrig. In Lysaten treten encystierte Dauerformen von Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus auf.
    Notes: Summary Rhodospirillum rubrum and all other investigated Athiorhodaceae are infected and lysed by the new isolated strain W of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus. This strain W parasites on numerous Enterobacteriaceae and the gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus faecalis and Lactobacillus plantarum, but not on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Spirillum serpens. After attachment of Bdellovibrio to the host, the cell wall is penetrated in 3 to 20 min. In 10 to 60 min Bdellovibrio has completely entered the host cell. He remains in the space between cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane of the host. The host cell is completely lysed within 3 to 5 hours. During this phase the size and cell number of Bdellovibrio are increased and a new flagellum is likely to be formed. In the ghosts of the host cell a strong movement is observed. The single polar flagellum of Bdellovibrio has a diameter of 29 mμ. The flagellum consists of an inner core (Φ 18 mμ) and an outer sheath which is continued into the cell wall. Bdellovibrio is able to grow and to infect only under aerobic or semiaerobic conditions (oxygen partial pressure 4 to 5 mm Hg and more). The titer of Bdellovibrio is gradually decreased from 108 to 101 plaque forming units (pfu) per ml, when kept in the lysate for 36 days. In a synthetic medium there is a diminution of 104 pfu/ml only. The plating efficiency is dependent of the host strain. If the plating efficiency of Bdellovibrio with Rhodospirillum rubrum is 1.0, the rate varies from 0.0001 with Serratia marcescens to 10 with Proteus vulgaris. Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus strain W does not grow in a synthetic medium. However, it grows but does not multiply in cell free extracts of Rhodospirillum rubrum. The parasite is also able to infect and lyse heat inactivated R. rubrum. But the plating efficiency in this case is very low. It has been observed that in lysed cells of R. rubrum certain amount of Bdellovibrio is encysted. The morphology and fine structure of these cells is quite different from the normal virulent type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 6 (1996), S. 851-854 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Gastrointestinal haemorrhage ; Small intestine ; Entroclysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this work was to assess retrospectively the yield of enteroclysis is 124 unselected patients presenting with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Of 1000 consecutive patients who were examined by enteroclysis 124 presented with occult gastrointestinal bleeding. A total of 61 patients with an unknown source of bleeding at the time of discharge, but with established gastrointestinal bleeding, were followed up by questionnaire to correlate the initial degree of bleeding with the incidence of recurrence of bleeding. Enteroclysis was normal in 109 cases. An abnormality was found subsequently be the cause of bleeding in the small intestine in 16 patients. Enteroclysis was positive in 14 cases, negative in 2 and false positive in 1. There was positive correlation between the initial degree of haemorrhage and the rate of recurrence. Enterocyle detected the cause in 11% of patients who presented with bleeding of unknon origin. ION patients with minor haemorrhage there was no recurrence of bleeding in most cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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