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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency ; Hyperammonaemia ; Peritoneal dialysis ; Lipoic acid ; Plasma amino acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 2-day-old girl developed a severe lactic acidosis with a normal lactate/pyruvate ratio and hyperammonaemia. Plasma arginine and citrulline levels were below the limit of detection. In muscle total pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) and pyruvate decarboxylase (E1) activities were reduced to a fraction of lower control values. The acute neonatal period was bridged with peritoneal dialysis, dichloroacetate therapy, supplements of arginine and branched chain amino acids, a complete vitamin B complex and lipoic acid. Lactate homeostasis responded to pharmacological supplements of lipoic acid. At age 1 year the child was hypotonic, showed severe developmental retardation, optic atrophy and cranial dysmorphism. She died aged 1 year 8 months with signs of respiratory paralysis but with normal lactate levels under assisted breathing. Pathological findings at autopsy were suggestive of Leigh syndrome, interstitial pneumonia and extensive fatty infiltration of hepatocytes. Regression analysis of data from 187 plasma amino acid determinations from the patient over a period of 1 year 8 months revealed a persistent imbalance involving alanine, glutamic acid, glutamine, proline, citrulline and branched chain amino acids. Aspects of acute and long-term therapy in this patient and some implications of the imbalances in plasma amino acids are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 153 (1994), S. 267-270 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Cytochrome c-oxidase ; Mitochondriopathy ; Proximal tubular acidosis ; Leigh disease ; Muscular disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report on a boy who developed proximal renal tubular acidosis with loss of carnitine at the age of about 6 months. A few months later he began to suffer from progressive muscular weakness and neurological disturbances. Blood biochemistry showed elevated lactate and β-hydroxybutyrate with increased lactate/pyruvate and β-hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate ratios. A high urinary excretion of lactate and citric acid cycle intermediates was found. These results indicated a defect of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Analysis of biopsy material from skeletal muscle revealed low activities of all respiratory chain complexes. In muscle and fibroblasts cytochrome c-oxidase (complex IV) was absent. Despite high dose multi-vitamin therapy the boy died at the age of 30 months from central respiratory failure. At autopsy the neuropathological diagnosis of Leigh disease was made.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words: Cytochrome c-oxidase – Mitochondriopathy – Proximal tubular acidosis – Leigh disease – Muscular disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We report on a boy who developed proximal renal tubular acidosis with loss of carnitine at the age of about 6 months. A few months later he began to suffer from progressive muscular weakness and neurological disturbances. Blood biochemistry showed elevated lactate and β-hydroxybutyrate with increased lactate/pyruvate and β-hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate ratios. A high urinary excretion of lactate and citric acid cycle intermediates was found. These results indicated a defect of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Analysis of biopsy material from skeletal muscle revealed low activities of all respiratory chain complexes. In muscle and fibroblasts cytochrome c-oxidase (complex IV) was absent. Despite high dose multivitamin therapy the boy died at the age of 30 months from central respiratory failure. At autopsy the neuropathological diagnosis of Leigh disease was made.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words: Oxalate elimination ; Oxalate dialysance ; Plasma oxalate ; Hemodialysis ; Peritoneal dialysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract . Oxalate elimination and oxalate dialysance via hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) has not been studied in detail in pediatric patients. We studied plasma oxalate, oxalate elimination, and oxalate dialysance in 15 infants and children undergoing CAPD (9 female, 6 male, aged 9 months to 18 years) and in 10 children on HD (4 female, 6 male, aged 7 – 18 years). Two children in each group had primary hyperoxaluria (PH). The mean duration of dialysis prior to examination was 12±11 months in CAPD and 31±23 months in HD patients. Bicarbonate HD was performed 5 h three times a week, CAPD consisted of five daily exchanges in 5 patients and four changes in the remaining 10 children (dwell volume 40 ml/kg body weight, 2.3 g/l glucose). Although oxalate dialysance was significantly higher in HD (mean 115.6 ml/min per 1.73 m2 in HD versus 7.14 ml/min in CAPD), mean oxalate elimination per week was not different between both renal replacement therapies (3,478 μmol/1.73 m2 surface area/week in CAPD versus 3,915 μmol/1.73 m2 per week in HD). Oxalate elimination in patients with PH was between 6,650 and 9,900 μmol/week. Plasma oxalate remained elevated in both procedures [28 – 84 μmol/l in CAPD (92/148 in PH) and 33 – 101 μmol/l in HD (70/93 in PH)]. Oxalate elimination can be increased by a more frequent hemodialysis regimen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 144 (1996), S. 1063-1066 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Primäre Hyperoxalsäure ; Alanin: Glyoxylat Aminotransferase ; Oxalat ; D-Glyzeratdehydrogenase ; Key words Primary hyperoxaluria ; Alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase ; Oxalate ; D-glycerate dehydrogenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Primary hyperoxalurias are rare inherited metabolic disorders. From 1978 to 1993 we diagnosed 10 children with primary hyperoxaluria. Symptoms leading to diagnosis were: nephrolithiasis (4), urinary tract infection (2), failure to thrive (2), and accidental finding of nephrocalcinosis (1); one infants was diagnosed through family screening. All children had nephrocalcinosis detectable on ultrasonography. Two children were already anuric, the others excreted increased amounts of oxalate, as demonstrated especially by elevated urinary oxalate to creatinine ratios (range: 356–1644 mmol/mol, normal 〈 86). Glycolate excretion was elevated in 5/8. One child excreted L-glycerate, and was thus classified as type II. Activity and intracellular distribution of alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase was measured in 6 children (C. J. Danpure, London). Three children had no detectable enzyme, 3 had residual mistargeted activity in the mitochondria. Untreated, a tendency of rapid progress to end-stage renal failure prevails. Because aggressive conservative management can slow this, early diagnosis is mandatory. Five of our children were already in renal failure at the time of diagnosis. Currently, one each is in chronic renal failure (GFR 15 ml/min), is chronically dialysed, or has undergone successful liver-kidney grafting. Two died after failure of their grafts. In the remaining 5 patients, normal renal function could be maintained (range 2–4.5 years).
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Primäre Hyperoxalurien sind seltene angeborene Stoffwechselstörungen. Von 1978–1993 diagnostizierten wir 10 Patienten mit primärer Hyperoxalurie. Die zur Diagnose führenden Symptome waren Nephrolithiasis (4), Harnwegsinfekt (2), Gedeihstörung (2) und Zufallsbefund einer Nephrokalzinose (1); 1 Säugling wurde durch eine Familienuntersuchung diagnostiziert. Alle Kinder wiesen eine sonographisch nachweisbare Nephrokalzinose auf. Zwei Kinder waren bereits anurisch, alle anderen hatten erhöhte Oxalatausscheidungen. Dies wurde besonders unter Verwendung des Urin-Oxalat-Kreatinin-Quotienten deutlich (Streubreite: 356–1644 mmol/mol, Norm 〈 86). Die Glykolatausscheidung war bei 5 von 8 Kindern erhöht. Nur 1 Kind wies eine erhöhte L-Glyzeratausscheidung auf und wurde damit als Typ II klassifiziert. Bei 6 Kindern wurde die Aktivität und intrazelluläre Verteilung der Alanin-Glyoxylat-Aminotransferase bestimmt (C. J. Danpure, London). Kein nachweisbares Enzym hatten 3 Kinder, 3 wiesen eine Restaktivität des peroxisomalen Enzyms in den Lebermitochondrien auf. Da unbehandelt die Tendenz zur rasch progredienten Niereninsuffizienz besteht und da eine intensive konservative Behandlung die Verschlechterung der Nierenfunktion verlangsamen kann, ist eine frühe Diagnose anzustreben. Bei der Diagnose bereits niereninsuffizient waren 5 unserer Kinder. Je 1 ist z. Z. chronisch niereninsuffizient (GFR 15 ml/min), chronisch dialysiert bzw. erfolgreich kombiniert Leber-Nieren-transplantiert. Nach Transplantatversagen sind 2 Kinder verstorben. Die übrigen 5 Patienten konnten ihre normale Nierenfunktion stabil erhalten (Streubreite 2–4,5 Jahre).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 144 (1996), S. 1078-1086 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Harnstoffzyklusdefekte ; Hämodialyse ; Peritonealdialyse ; Benzoat ; Phenylbutyrat ; Key words Urea cycle defects ; Hemodialysis ; Peritoneal dialysis ; Benzoate ; Phenylbutyrate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Background: Clinical courses of eight patients with urea cycle disorders (deficiencies of carbamylphosphate-synthetase (4), argininosuccinate-synthetase (2) and argininosuccinate-lyase (2) ) are described. Methods/Therapy: Emergency treatment consisted of benzoate and arginine i. v. as well as peritoneal dialysis and/or modified hemodialysis. Chronic treatment comprised a low-protein diet and substitution of essential amino acids, of benzoate or phenylbutyrate and of branched-chain amino acids. Results: Within 72 hours after birth hyperammonemic coma with cerebral edema developed, leading to developmental retardation later in life. Four patients died between 2 weeks and 4 years of age. During follow-up, all patients suffered hyperammonemic derangements treated conservatively. Phenylbutyrate had less gastrointestinal side-effects than benzoate, branched-chain amino acids had favourable effects. One patient was treated conservatively since birth followed by a normal development. Conclusions: Neonatal respiratory distress with alkalosis and rapid global deterioration should raise the suspicion of a urea cycle disorder. Specific therapy as described can be life-saving, although most children exhibit marked developmental delay. Long-term prognosis is poor. Sodium phenylbutyrate has fewer side-effects than sodium benzoate. Therapy prior to cerebral edema can prevent complications.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Es werden die Verläufe von 8 Patienten mit Störungen der Harnstoffsynthese [Carbamylphosphatsynthetasemangel (4), Citrullinämie (2) und Argininosuccinatlyasemangel (2) ] beschrieben. Methode/Therapieprinzipien: Akuttherapie: Na-Benzoat und Arginin i. v., dazu Peritonealdialyse und/oder Hämodiafiltration. Lanfristige Therapie: proteinreduzierte Ernährung, Substitution essentieller Aminosäuren, Na-Benzoat bzw. Na-Phenylbutyrat oral, Substitution von verzweigtkettigen Aminosäuren. Ergebnisse: Spätestens 3 Tage post partum entwickelte sich nach initialer Alkalose ein hyperammonämisches Koma mit Hirnödem, das zu deutlichen Residualschäden führte. Vier Patienten verstarben zwischen der 2. Lebenswoche und dem 4. Lebensjahr aus unterschiedlichen Gründen. Hyperammonämien traten bei allen Patienten auf und ließen sich konservativ beherrschen. Na-Phenylbutyrat verursachte weniger gastrointestinale Nebenwirkungen als Na-Benzoat, verzweigtkettige Aminosäuren hatten einen positiven Effekt. Ein Patient wurde vom 1. Lebenstag an medikamentös behandelt, die Entwicklung verlief altersgerecht. Schlußfolgerung: Die Symptome Alkalose, respiratorische Insuffizienz und eine schnelle Verschlechterung des Allgemeinzustands bei Neugeborenen sollten an einen Harnstoffzyklusdefekt denken lassen. Medikamentöse Therapie und die Kombination aus Peritoneal- und Hämodiafiltration sind primär lebenserhaltend. Deutliche Residualschäden sind die Regel, die Überlebensprognose ist eingeschränkt. Na-Phenylbutyrat hat weniger Nebenwirkungen als Na-Benzoat. Therapiebeginn vor dem neonatalen Hirnödem kann Komplikationen verhindern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of inherited metabolic disease 19 (1996), S. 137-139 
    ISSN: 1573-2665
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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