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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 598 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 598 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 15 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Two groups of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were treated with enalapril (25–30 mg/kg per day): Group I received treatment from 4 to 14 weeks of age to inhibit development of hypertension and Group R received the drug from 14 to 20 weeks of age to reverse established hypertension.2. Systolic blood pressure, ploidy of aortic smooth muscle cells (flow cytometric DNA analysis) and aortic hypertrophy (medial cross-sectional area) were determined at times both during and after enalapril treatment (up to 30 weeks).3. Enalapril treatment normalized blood pressure to that of age-matched Wistar-Kyoto rats in both groups. Blood pressure rose again following cessation of treatment.4. In untreated SHR the incidence of polyploid cells increased concomitantly with increasing pressure throughout the time studied, whereas in Group I the incidence remained low. In Group R, the incidence of polyploidy directly paralleled both the decrease (normalization) and the rise in blood pressure following cessation of treatment.5. Hence, the incidence of vascular smooth muscle cell polyploidy is not simply a result of growth of the vessel with increasing age of the SHR, but parallels inhibition, reversal, and redevelopment of hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 48 (1986), S. 295-306 
    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Systemic endotoxaemia contributes to the high morbidity and mortality of jaundiced patiens undergoing surgery. In this study, correlations between systemic endotoxaemia (assessed by measuring antibodies to the core-glycolipid region of endotoxin, a-CGL), bile acids and blood histamine were investigated in a bile duct ligation (BDL) animal model of obstructive jaundice. Three weeks after BDL, systemic a-CGL (p〈0.0001), total blood histamine (p〈0.02) and bile acid concentrations (e.g. taurocholate,p〈0.001) were significantly elevated in BDL animals compared to control or sham operated rats. Additionally, total blood histamine correlated significantly with plasma taurocholate (r=0.83,p=0.011). High circulating levels of endotoxin and bile acids may result in mast cell activation and/ or histamine synthesis in jaundiced animals, which may contribute to the pathophysiology of complications seen in cholestasis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 208 (1984), S. 607-611 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Although sheep have been widely used as models in the study of cardiac physiology, corresponding morphologic and morphometric data are scanty. For meaningful correlation of morphometric data with physiological information, it is desirable that fixation of the heart occur under controlled conditions. This paper describes a technique for in situ, retrograde aortic perfusion fixation of sheep myocardium under conditions of controlled pressure and minimal wastage of fixative. This is achieved by the application of snares around the brachiocephalic trunk and aortic arch, which are tightened at the start of the perfusion. These isolate the ascending aorta and the coronary vasculature from the remainder of the circulation and allow fixation of the whole heart at a controlled pressure. The method produces good fixation and contrast for transmission electron microscopy and is applicable to late-gestation fetuses, lambs, and adult sheep.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Smooth muscle ; Myosin ; Immunofluorescence ; Tissue culture ; Dedifferentiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Isolated smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts from the newborn guinea-pig vas deferens were grown in culture. In the first 2 days, all cells characterized as smooth muscle by phase-contrast microscopy reacted intensely with fluoresceinated antibodies against smooth muscle myosin. The fluorescence was in the form of particles (termed here “myosin aggregates”), which were often aligned to give the cell a striated appearance. After 3–5 days, coarse fluorescent fibrils were also visible. These were termed “attachment fibrils” (“A-fibrils”) since they were thought to represent myosin in microfilament bundles. Between 6 and 7 days in culture, the smooth muscle cells began to dedifferentiate morphologically. At this time, the “myosin aggregates” became clumped and less intensely fluorescent. “A-fibrils” also decreased in fluorescence intensity. By 8 days in culture, the dedifferentiated cells had undergone intense proliferation and gave only a minimal reaction with myosin antibodies. However, when a confluent monolayer of cells formed on day 9 or 10, they immediately began to redifferentiate ultrastructurally and to regain immunofluorescence in both “myosin aggregates” and “A-fibrils”. Throughout the entire culture period, cells characterized as fibroblasts by phase contrast microscopy gave only a weak reaction with fluoresceinated antibodies to myosin showing “A-fibrils” but no “myosin aggregates”.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Sympathetic nerves ; Cardiac muscle cells ; Long-lasting associations ; Receptor blockers ; Tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sympathetic nerves in vitro form long-lasting, intimate, functional relationships with cardiac muscle cells, but not with fibroblasts. In the presence of an adrenergic β-blocker and a cholinergic muscarinic blocker, long-lasting relationships still take place. It was concluded that neurotransmitter ‘receptors’ are not involved in the mechanism of ‘recognition’ of cardiac muscle cells by sympathetic nerves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 156 (1975), S. 201-216 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Smooth muscle ; Myofilaments ; Vas deferens ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Smooth muscle cells of the mouse vas deferens fixed with 5% glutaraldehyde contained three types of filaments, namely, thin (50–80 Å) filaments, intermediate (100 Å) filaments and thick (120–180 Å) filaments. However, in 2 out of 16 experiments, under identical conditions, the cells did not contain thick filaments. With OsO4 fixation, thin filaments were not prominent, the most obvious being thick (120–250 Å) and intermediate (100 Å) filaments. After soaking in a modified Ringer solution under no applied tension for one hour, thick filaments (120–180 Å) appeared prominently in smooth muscle cells of the mouse vas deferens and thin filaments were in ordered bundles. By 4 hours, thick filaments had increased in size and density, with thin filaments distributed randomly around them. After 8 hours in Ringer, thin filaments were diffuse and difficult to discern, while thick filaments were large (up to 300 Å) and electron-dense. Intermediate (100 Å) filaments were present in association with dark bodies. Physiological experiments indicated that the intracellular components responsible for the development of a mechanical response were still functional at this time. The presence of “thick filaments” is also reported in degenerating smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig vas deferens in tissue culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 176 (1977), S. 143-156 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Smooth muscle ; Denervation ; Hyperplasia ; Sympathetic nerves ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Denervation of the expansor secundariorum muscle of the adult and 2 week chicken, by sectioning the brachial plexus, resulted in an approximate twofold increase in dry weight over 8 weeks. Unlike skeletal muscle, no ultrastructural changes were exhibited by the smooth muscle cells for a period of up to 5 months post denervation. No evidence of hypertrophy of the individual muscle cells was observed, but following colchicine treatment a definite increase in the number of mitotic figures was noted within muscle bundles indicating that the increase in dry weight of the expansor muscle is due to hyperplasia of the smooth muscle cells. The results are discussed in relation to in vitro studies of the interaction of sympathetic nerves with smooth muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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