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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hemoglobins of Kiefferulus, sister genus of Chironomus (Diptera: Insecta): Evolution of the Hb VIIB cluster (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 41 (1995), S. 909-919 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Hemoglobins ; Chironomus ; Kiefferulus ; Gene clusters ; Molecular evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A genomic clone containing hemoglobin genes was isolated from a species of the chironomid genus Kiefferulus. Eight genes, including an apparent pseudogene, were sequenced and the amino acid sequences of the putative proteins were determined. By comparison to the previously described hemoglobins in the sister-genus Chironomus, they were identified as members of the dimeric Hb VIIB group. The results indicate that the existence of clusters of hemoglobin genes may be a common feature in chironomids and not just confined to Chironomus. The Kiefferulus genes show greatest similarity of amino acid sequence to Hb VIIB-7 from the Chironomus cluster. The results suggest that the ancestral cluster contained at least two gene types, one of which gave rise to VIIB-7 and the Kiefferulus genes while the other gave rise to the other Chironomus VIIB genes. Both clusters appear to have increased in size by duplication or unequal crossing over since the separation of the genera. It also appears that an unrelated gene present in the Chironomus cluster, Hb-Y, arose from a completely independent origin with no apparent equivalent gene anywhere in the genome of Kiefferulus or some other Chironomus species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00173171
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of sulphur supply on the morphology of shoots and roots of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Grass and forage science 58 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A sulphur (S)-deficient top soil was used in a pot experiment to investigate the effect of S supply on shoot and root growth and development in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). The treatments consisted of three rates of addition of S: 0, 20 and 40 mg kg−1 soil and each was replicated four times. Alfalfa was harvested at 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 d after seedling emergence.By the end of the experiment, plants with S supply had a significantly larger leaf area, heavier leaf, shoot and root dry weight per pot than controls. The effects of adding S also significantly increased plant height, basal stem diameter, chlorophyll concentration of young leaves, root length and root surface area compared with controls. The effects of S were greater on shoots than on roots. The ratio of root to shoot dry weight was 0·47 when S was supplied and 0·88 without added S, indicating that c. 0·32 and 0·47 of the total net photosynthate, produced with or without S supply, respectively, were used for the development of roots. Overall, overcoming S deficiency resulted in a significant increase in shoot and root growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2494.2003.00366.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sulphur concentration of soils and plants and its requirement for ruminants in the Inner Mongolia steppe of China (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Grass and forage science 56 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The sulphur status of four soils and 122 forage plants from the Inner Mongolia steppe was determined. The organic sulphur concentration ranged from 17 μg g–1 in the 0·2–0·4 m soil layer to 397 μg g–1 in the topsoil. The mean sulphate-S concentrations were 〈10 μg g–1; greater concentrations were found only in the chernozem soil. Biomass-S accounted for 0·018–0·028 of total S in four soils. Three-quarters of plant samples examined had 〈1·6 g kg–1 S, and 〉0·80 of them had an N:S ratio 〉14:1. More than 0·80 of the plants were deficient in S. There was a close relationship between plant-available soil sulphur concentrations and total plant sulphur concentrations. It was concluded that sulphur deficiency is widespread in the Inner Mongolia steppe and that sulphur fertilizer requirements should be evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2494.2001.00285.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for ferroelectric border traps near the SrBi2Ta2O9/Si interface through capacitance–voltage measurement (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 564-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A metal–ferroelectric–semiconductor (MFS) structure has been developed by depositing SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) films directly on n-type (100) Si by pulsed laser deposition. In the MFS structure, evidence for ferroelectric border traps in the SBT film has been obtained by high-frequency capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurement. When the ramp rate of voltage is higher than 200 mV/s, typical ferroelectric C–V hysteresis loops with the counterclockwise direction are obtained in C–V plots. When the ramp rate is lower than 80 mV/s, the ferroelectric hysteresis loops are replaced by the trap-induced ones with the clockwise direction. This pronounced change results from the fact that more and more border traps in SBT can communicate with the underlying Si. The border-trap density at the ramp rate of 10 mV/s is as high as 1.8×1012 cm−2. Moreover, the width of the hysteresis loops changes linearly with the logarithmic decrease in ramp rate, which is consistent with the ferroelectric border traps communicating with Si by tunneling or a thermally activated process. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.127045
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metal–semiconductor–metal GaN ultraviolet photodetectors on Si(111) (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 444-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: GaN metal–semiconductor–metal photoconductive detectors have been fabricated on Si(111) substrates. The GaN epitaxial layers were grown on Si substrates by means of metalorganic chemical-vapor deposition. These detectors exhibited a sharp cutoff at the wavelength of 363 nm and a high responsivity at a wavelength from 360 to 250 nm. A maximum responsivity of 6.9 A/W was achieved at 357 nm with a 5 V bias. The relationship between the responsivity and the bias voltage was measured. The responsivity saturated when the bias voltage reached 5 V. The response time of 4.8 ms was determined by the measurements of photocurrent versus modulation frequency. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.127004
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficient Production of Doubled Haploid Plants through Chromosome Doubling of Isolated Microspores in Brassica napus (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 113 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Three methods of chromosome doubling to produce doubled haploid plants from microspore cultures of Brassica napus were compared: colchicine treatment of microspore-derived plants, microspore-derived embryos, and isolated microspores. In the whole plant treatment, 53% of the treated plants set seed, but the treatment delayed plant growth and reduced seed set. When microspore-derived embryos were treated with colchicine, the doubling frequency was 32% (compared to 15% for spontaneous doubling). Direct colchicine treatment of isolated microspores resulted in a doubling efficiency of 70 % of the whole plants. This treatment also stimulated embryogenesis in microspore culture, leading to increased plant regeneration. Thus, direct chromosome doubling of isolated microspores is efficient and more than 10 000 doubled haploid plants have been produced in this manner in the past three years in order to accelerate the plant-breeding process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1994.tb00725.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and production of transgenic plants (1998)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 17 (1998), S. 675-680 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Genetic transformation ; Agrobacterium ; Eucalyptus ; Regeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An efficient system for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and production of transgenic plants was developed. Transformation was accomplished by cocultivation of hypocotyl segments with Agrobacterium tumefaciens containing a binary Ti-plasmid vector harboring chimeric neomycin phosphotransferase and β-glucuronidase (GUS) genes. A modified Gamborg's B5 medium used in this study was effective for both callus induction and regeneration of transgenic shoots. This medium could also effectively maintain the organogenic capability of callus for more than a year. Culturing transgenic shoots in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 0.1 mg ⋅ l–1 benzylaminopurine prior to root induction in rooting medium markedly increased the rootability of shoots that were recalcitrant to rooting. Histochemical assay revealed the expression of the GUS gene in leaf, stem, and root tissues of transgenic plants. Insertion of the GUS gene in the nuclear genome of transgenic plants was verified by genomic Southern hybridization analysis, further confirming the integration and expression of T-DNA in these plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050464
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