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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of velocity slip and temperature difference on internal relaxation in diatomic–monatomic mixture free-jet expansion (1991)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 3 (1991), S. 1991-1999 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The supersonic expansion of a mixture of a heavy gas and a light gas may result in a velocity slip and a temperature difference between light and heavy species. The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of these phenomena on the relaxation of internal degrees of freedom which takes place when one of the gases is a diatomic one. The model presented is based on the Wang–Chang–Uhlenbeck theory and on the assumption of a two-velocity and two-temperature model to represent the velocity distributions. The model incorporates the internal degrees of freedom of the diatomic molecule and can be used to study the effect of velocity slip and temperature difference on the mechanism of internal energy transfer involved in a free-jet expansion. The hydrodynamical equations and the master kinetic equations are derived. The formalism is applied to the system I2–He, assuming that a rotational temperature and a relaxation equation to describe the rotational relaxation can be defined. The unexpected high rotational temperatures observed experimentally in I2–He expansions presenting a velocity slip are reproduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.857931
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quinolones in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections caused by intracellular pathogens (1991)
    Springer
    Infection 19 (1991), S. S365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Chinolone haben je nach Art des Erregers und Art der Substanz unterschiedlich starke Hemmwirkung gegen intrazelluläre Mikroben. Wirkstoffspiegel in den tiefen Atemwegen liegen mindestens im Bereich der Serumspiegel, Chinolone erreichen außerdem brauchbare intrazelluläre Konzentrationen. In experimentellen Modellen zu intrazellulären Infektionen haben sich Ciprofloxacin, Difloxacin, Fleroxacin, Ofloxacin und Pefloxacin als wirksam erwiesen. Auch bei Tiermodellen zur Legionellose wurde die Aktivität der Chinolonein vivo belegt. Es ist folglich anzunehmen, daß Chinolone bei tiefen Atemwegsinfektionen durch intrazelluläre Erreger eine sichere und wirksame therapeutische Alternative darstellen. Aus denIn-vitro-Daten und experimentellen Studien gewonnene Erkenntnisse zur Bedeutung der Chinolone als Therapeutika tiefer Atemwegsinfektionen durch intrazelluläre Erreger sollten nun in prospektiven, kontrollierten Studien auf ihre Gültigkeit für die Klinik geprüft werden.
    Notes: Summary Intracellular pathogens are inhibited to varying degrees, depending upon the strain of the organism and the quinolone tested. Quinolones achieve levels in the lower respiratory tract that equal or exceed serum concentrations, and they also achieve good intracellular concentrations. Experimental models of intracellular infection have demonstrated the efficacy of ciprofloxacin, difloxacin, fleroxacin, ofloxacin and pefloxacin. Animal models of experimental legionellosis have confirmedin vivo their efficacy in this field. Thus, quinolones appear to be a safe and efficacious alternative treatment in lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) due to intracellular pathogens. Considering thein vitro and experimental studies, quinolones should play an important role in the treatment of LRTI caused by intracellular pathogens, and prospective controlled studies are strongly recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01715829
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nosocomial infections associated with long-term radial artery cannulation (1989)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 15 (1989), S. 241-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Nosocomial infection ; Long-term cannulation ; Radial artery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract From January 1987 to December 1987, 193 radial artery cannulations were performed in 112 patients (87 males, 25 females; mean age=57.5 years). The mean duration of cannulation was 6.45 days. After removal, the tip of the catheter was cultured using a semiquantitative culture technique: 164 catheters were cultured and positive results were seen in 37 cases (22.5%); 98 samples of infusate were cultured. Positive results were observed in 23 cases (23.5%). No bacteriological correlation was found between these two culture results. During the study, no catheter-related or infusate-related bacteraemia was detected. It is concluded that nosocomial infections associated with long-term radial artery cannulation are not commonly seen, in particular no catheter or infusate-related bacteraemia occurs even if the duration exceeds 4 days.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271059
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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