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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Nosocomial infection ; Long-term cannulation ; Radial artery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract From January 1987 to December 1987, 193 radial artery cannulations were performed in 112 patients (87 males, 25 females; mean age=57.5 years). The mean duration of cannulation was 6.45 days. After removal, the tip of the catheter was cultured using a semiquantitative culture technique: 164 catheters were cultured and positive results were seen in 37 cases (22.5%); 98 samples of infusate were cultured. Positive results were observed in 23 cases (23.5%). No bacteriological correlation was found between these two culture results. During the study, no catheter-related or infusate-related bacteraemia was detected. It is concluded that nosocomial infections associated with long-term radial artery cannulation are not commonly seen, in particular no catheter or infusate-related bacteraemia occurs even if the duration exceeds 4 days.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Infection 19 (1991), S. S365 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Chinolone haben je nach Art des Erregers und Art der Substanz unterschiedlich starke Hemmwirkung gegen intrazelluläre Mikroben. Wirkstoffspiegel in den tiefen Atemwegen liegen mindestens im Bereich der Serumspiegel, Chinolone erreichen außerdem brauchbare intrazelluläre Konzentrationen. In experimentellen Modellen zu intrazellulären Infektionen haben sich Ciprofloxacin, Difloxacin, Fleroxacin, Ofloxacin und Pefloxacin als wirksam erwiesen. Auch bei Tiermodellen zur Legionellose wurde die Aktivität der Chinolonein vivo belegt. Es ist folglich anzunehmen, daß Chinolone bei tiefen Atemwegsinfektionen durch intrazelluläre Erreger eine sichere und wirksame therapeutische Alternative darstellen. Aus denIn-vitro-Daten und experimentellen Studien gewonnene Erkenntnisse zur Bedeutung der Chinolone als Therapeutika tiefer Atemwegsinfektionen durch intrazelluläre Erreger sollten nun in prospektiven, kontrollierten Studien auf ihre Gültigkeit für die Klinik geprüft werden.
    Notes: Summary Intracellular pathogens are inhibited to varying degrees, depending upon the strain of the organism and the quinolone tested. Quinolones achieve levels in the lower respiratory tract that equal or exceed serum concentrations, and they also achieve good intracellular concentrations. Experimental models of intracellular infection have demonstrated the efficacy of ciprofloxacin, difloxacin, fleroxacin, ofloxacin and pefloxacin. Animal models of experimental legionellosis have confirmedin vivo their efficacy in this field. Thus, quinolones appear to be a safe and efficacious alternative treatment in lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) due to intracellular pathogens. Considering thein vitro and experimental studies, quinolones should play an important role in the treatment of LRTI caused by intracellular pathogens, and prospective controlled studies are strongly recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei Patienten mit HIV-1-Infektion, eingeteilt nach der CDC-Klassifikation, wurde der Tumornekrosefaktor-Rezeptor Typ II (sTNFRII) und der Anteil zirkulierender CD4+ Lymphozyten bestimmt. Im Vergleich zur gesunden Kontrollgruppe (Mittelwert ± Standardabweichung 2,83±0,70 ng/ml) sind die Werte für sTNFRII bei den meisten Patienten in allen Infektionsstadien höher. Die Konzentrationen für sTNFRII liegen bei 5,29±1,75 ng/ml (n=23) bei Patienten im Stadium A1; bei 5,27±2,25 ng/ml (n=37) bei Patienten im Stadium A2; bei 6,03±1,9 ng/ml (n=14) bei Patienten im Stadium A3 und bei 7,41±3,25 ng/ml (n=21) bei Patienten im Stadium B und im Stadium C. Wir stellten eine intraindividuelle Variabilität des sTNFRII Spiegel bei acht klinisch stabilen HIV-infizierten Patienten im Verlauf eines kurzen Beobachtungszeitraums fest. Wir konnten einen Anstieg des sTNFRII Spiegel in Plasmaproben in einem Zeitintervall von 3 Jahren beobachten. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Ergebnissen fanden wir in den verschiedenen Infektionsstadien keine inverse Korrelation zwischen dem sTNFRII und dem CD4+ Lymphozytenanteil. Der Anstieg der zirkulierenden sTNFRII-Konzentration könnte eine Aktivierung des TNFα-Systems widerspiegeln. Unsere Ergebnisse sprechen für eine Aktivierung dieses Systems zu einem frühen Zeitpunkt der HIV-Infektion.
    Notes: Summary Plasma concentrations of soluble receptors for tumor necrosis factor type II (sTNFRII) and CD4+ lymphocyte counts were determined in patients with HIV-1 infection grouped according to the 1993 classification of the CDC. Compared with healthy controls (mean ± SD= 2.83±0.70 ng/ml; n=20), higher values of sTNFRII were obtained in most of patients of all groups of HIV-1-infected patients. The levels of sTNFRII were 5.29±1.75 ng/ml (n=23) for stage A1 patients, 5.27±2.25 ng/ml (n=37) for stage A2 patients, 6.03±1.9 ng/ml (n=14) for stage A3 patients, 7.41±3.25 ng/ml (n=21) for stage B and stage C patients. Intra-individual variance in sTNFRII levels in eight clinically stable patients with HIV-1 infection was observed in the course of a short-time follow-up. The increase of sTNFRII plasma levels in five out of ten patients was shown at time lapses of 3 years. In contrast to previous reports no inverse correlation between sTNFRII and CD4+ lymphocyte counts was found in all stages of disease. The increased level of sTNFRII in circulating blood might reflect the activation of the TNFα system. These results support an activation of this system occurring early in the course of HIV infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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