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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 78-79 (Apr. 2001), p. 103-110 
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 63-64 (Dec. 1998), p. 273-282 
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 74.72.Hs; 78.60.Hk; 79.20.Hx
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: 2 Sr2CaCu2O8+x superconducting ceramics have been irradiated in the scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the irradiation-induced effects investigated by cathodoluminescence (CL), secondary electron emission (SEE) and X-ray microanalysis. Electron beam irradiation causes a slight Bi depletion and an inhomogeneous Ca distribution. A higher CL intensity emission is found in the irradiated areas, where besides an enhancement of the oxygen content related 2. 4 eV band, another CL bands probably related to new non-superconducting phases induced by irradiation can be observed. SEE yield measurements allow to detect an oxygen depleted region surrounding the irradiated areas. X-ray microanalysis shows that this intermediate region retains the cationic composition of the unaffected material. CL spectra from bright zones inside the same area also show a dominant 2. 4 eV emission band, which supports its relation with oxygen deficiency or rearrangement in high- superconductors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1063-7834
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The structural changes and the cation and anion compositions of the surface of superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−x and Tl2Ba2CuO6+x ceramics after local irradiation for several seconds by an electron probe with an accelerating voltage of 25 kV and a current exceeding 10−7 A are investigated by secondary-electron emission and by cathodoluminescence and x-ray microanalysis in a scanning electron microscope. Morphologically altered regions are detected in the irradiation epicenter, where the structure, chemical composition, and phase composition of the original compound are completely lost. In the intermediate zone between the epicenter and the periphery a distribution of the secondary emission yield is observed with a complex character that differs for the yttrium and thallium ceramics, and anomalies appear in the cathodoluminescence spectra. The experimental data are interpreted on the basis of ideas of oxygen losses under the direct influence of the electron probe and related electronic processes in superconductors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1248-9204
    Keywords: Postherniorrhaphy pain ; Local anesthesia ; Monitored anesthesia care ; Metamizol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In this study the authors evaluated the grade of acceptance and the operating conditions of unilateral primary herniorrhaphy under local anesthesia and monitored anesthesia care (MAC). The amount of pain in the immediate postoperative period was assessed and the efficacy of treatment using a popular non-opiate analgesic, magnesic metamizol, by the oral route was studied. In a period of six months 63 consecutive patients were operated on by the same surgeon using the same technique of hernia repair (Shouldice technique) with local infiltration anesthesia supplemented by MAC in the form of conscious sedation. A mixture of 300 mg of plain mepivacaine and 50 mg of plain bupivacaine was used for infiltration. A standard dose of fentanyl 0.10 mg and midazolam 2 mg was used for conscious sedation. Propofol in continuous infusion was also employed. The average dose of propofol varied from 1–3 mg/kg/h. Conscious level was assessed using a five-point sedation score. A level-3 end point was persued (closed eyes, but answer verbal orders). Pain intensity in the postoperative period was measured by the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the verbal pain scale (VPS), based on the McGill pain questionnaire. The operating conditions were excellent in all cases except in three patients. In no case conversion to general anesthesia was necessary. In the postoperative period, 5 patients (8%) never felt pain and 58 (92%) felt pain on the average 4 hours 36 minutes after the local infiltration (VAS=2.5; VPS=1.45). Of the 58 patients 49 took the first dose of oral analgesic 6 hours 40 minutes after infiltration (VAS=4; VPS=1.97). All patients were satisfied with the anesthetic-surgical technique and were ready to repeat the experience. However, when the patients took the second dose of oral analgesic 28% of them had moderate pain and 9% severe pain. Our conclusions are that local infiltration with MAC is a valid and satisfying experience for both the patient and the surgeon. Nevertheless, further attempts should be made to better the postoperative pain relief when the oral route is elected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 2720-2726 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Synthetic opals—composed of 250 nm amorphous silica spheres closed packed in a face centered cubic structure—have been infilled with silicon, platinum, and with Si and different Pt contents. The luminescent properties of these composites have been investigated by cathodoluminescence (CL) microscopy and spectroscopy. CL emission is influenced by the material used to infill the pores of the opal matrix. CL spectra of all the samples investigated show two well-known bands, associated with the defect structure of the silica spheres, centered at about 1.9 and 2.7 eV, respectively. Emission in the 2.15–2.45 eV range, particularly intense in opal-based composites with a high Pt content, is tentatively associated with SiO2 defects involving silicon clusters. A CL band peaked at about 3.4 eV as well as a band in the 1.50–1.75 eV range, whose peak position seems to be affected by the Pt content of the samples, are associated with the presence of Si nanocrystals. The behavior of these emissions suggests that both are related to defect states at the interface between Si nanocrystals and SiO2 forming the opal spheres. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 1874-1877 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A correlative study of the electrically active grain boundary structure of ZnO polycrystals has been carried out using a scanning electron microscope/scanning tunneling microscope (SEM/STM) combined instrument. Current imaging tunneling spectroscopy (CITS) measurements reveal reduced surface band gaps, as compared with grain interiors, at the charged boundaries imaged by SEM-based remote electron beam induced current (REBIC). ZnO grain boundaries were also imaged in the STM-REBIC mode with a resolution of up to 20 nm. The contrast differences observed in the SEM-REBIC and STM-REBIC images are discussed in terms of the different experimental conditions used in both techniques. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 3659-3661 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Synthetic opals infilled with silicon (opal-Si) and with Si and Pt (opal-Pt-Si) have been irradiated in a scanning electron microscope under high excitation conditions. Electron irradiation-induced changes in the morphology and luminescent defect structure of both types of nanocomposites were assessed by scanning electron microscopy and by cathodoluminescence (CL) microscopy and spectroscopy. Irradiation causes strong morphological changes in the ordered structure of the matrix and quenching of the nanocrystals-related CL emission in the opal-Si samples. On the contrary, such effects are not observed in the opal-Pt-Si nanocomposites. In both types of samples, electron irradiation induces the appearance of a CL band centered at 2.95 eV, attributed to complex centers involving oxygen vacancies in the silica spheres forming the matrix. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 3194-3196 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Scanning tunneling microscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) are used to investigate the local electronic behavior of Pt–Si nanostructures fabricated in an opal matrix formed by silica spheres of 250 nm diameter. Si and Pt are regularly distributed inside the opal pores and form nanoscale metal-semiconductor-metal junctions. Normalized differential conductance curves enable us to study the distribution of Pt and Si and to detect the presence of regions showing a surface band gap in the range 0.5–0.8 eV, possibly associated with the formation of silicides. STS appears as a suitable technique for the electrical characterization of opal-based nanostructures. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 2830-2832 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Remote electron beam induced current (REBIC) measurements have been carried out to investigate electrically active regions in YBa2Cu3O7−x single crystals. Enhanced REBIC contrast, found in growth steps and other topographic features of the samples, is discussed in terms of charged oxygen-related defects. The capability of REBIC to image structural inhomogeneities caused by strain or plastic deformation in these crystals is also established. Charge carrier diffusion length has been estimated at different temperatures from REBIC linescan profiles. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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